Detail preserving impulsive noise removal

Most image processing applications require noise elimination. For example, in applications where derivative operators are applied, any noise in the image can result in serious errors. Impulsive noise appears as a sprinkle of dark and bright spots. Transmission errors, corrupted pixel elements in the camera sensors, or faulty memory locations can cause impulsive noise. Linear filters fail to suppress impulsive noise. Thus, non-linear filters have been proposed. Windyga's peak-and-valley filter, introduced to remove impulsive noise, identifies noisy pixels and then replaces their values with the minimum or maximum value of their neighbors depending on the noise (dark or bright). Its main disadvantage is that it removes fine image details. In this work, a variation of the peak-and-valley filter is proposed to overcome this problem. It is based on a recursive minimum–maximum method, which replaces the noisy pixel with a value based on neighborhood information. This method preserves constant and edge areas even under high impulsive noise probability. Finally, a comparison study of the peak-and-valley filter, the median filter, and the proposed filter is carried-out using different types of images. The proposed filter outperforms other filters in the noise reduction and the image details preservation. However, it operates slightly slower than the peak-and-valley filter.     

脉冲噪声检测与滤除器

从信号的自相关角度出发,分析了信号受脉冲噪声污染的特点.根据信号受脉冲噪声污染的特点,提出了一种从幅度上检测脉冲噪声、从宽度上识别脉冲噪声的方法,然后对检测出的噪声点进行预测插值去噪处理.由于只对噪声污染点处理,未改变非污染信号点,从而极大地保护了信号的细节信息.该滤波器算法简单、能够自动适应信号变化和脉冲噪声特性.实验结果表明,与中值滤波器、均值滤波器相比,该滤波器能够在保护信号细节信息的同时,很好地去除脉冲噪声.     

脉冲噪声图像的中-均值滤波算法

由于在图像信息的获取和传输过程中,图像常常受到不同程度的脉冲噪声污染。为了有效地去除高浓度脉冲噪声,提出了一种基于中－均值滤波器的噪声去除算法。该方法根据脉冲噪声特点,设定一个简单的噪声检测算子,根据噪声检测结果设定自适应滤波窗口,同时根据噪声密度选择中值和均值滤波器。为了更加有效地保留图像的原有信息,对非噪声点不做滤波处理。仿真结果表明,所提出的中－均值滤波方法不仅能有效地去除高浓度的脉冲噪声,而且能很好地保留图像的原有信息,并具有较短的滤波处理时间。     

Impulsive Noise Suppression from Highly Distorted Images with Triangular Interpolants

In this paper a new filter, Triangular Interpolant Based Impulsive Noise Suppression Filter (SF), is proposed to restore images corrupted by fixed valued impulsive noise (IN). The proposed filter comprises two main stages: detection of noise and restoration of corrupted pixels. The SF achieves the restoration of the detected noisy pixels by using one of the Triangular Interpolant techniques and leaves the other pixels unaltered. Simulation results reveal that the proposed filter shows better performance than the highly approved IN suppression filters across a wide noise density ranging from 10% to 90%. The proposed filter also perfectly achieves the robustness anddetail preservation with reduced computational complexity.     

Adaptive Threshold Median Filter for Multiple-Impulse Noise

Attenuating the noises plays an essential role in the image processing. Almost all the traditional median filters concern the removal of impulse noise having a single layer, whose noise gray level value is constant. In this paper, a new adaptive median filter is proposed to handle those images corrupted not only by single layer noise. The adaptive threshold median filter （ATMF） has been developed by combining the adaptive median filter （AMF） and two dynamic thresholds. Because of the dynamic threshold being used, the ATMF is able to balance the removal of the multiple-impulse noise and the quality of image. Comparison of the proposed method with traditional median filters is provided. Some visual examples are given to demonstrate the performance of the proposed filter.     

一种快速去除高密度椒盐噪声的滤波算法

为了更好地恢复被高密度椒盐噪声污染的图像,在传统的自适应中值滤波算法的基础上提出了一种改进的自适应滤波算法。该算法将3×3矩形滤波窗口内极值点视为可疑噪声点,对可疑噪声点自适应调节滤波窗口大小进一步判断是否为噪声点;将噪声点区分为低密度噪声区噪声点和高密度噪声区噪声点,并分别用改进后的中值滤波算法、自适应修正后均值滤波算法处理,信号点保持不变。仿真结果表明,该算法处理速度快并且能够有效恢复被椒盐噪声(密度达80%)污染的图像,在去噪的同时能够很好地保护图像的细节。     

图像脉冲噪声的模糊检测与消除

论述了基于模糊规则的脉冲噪声滤波器。该滤波器由模糊脉冲噪声检测器、噪声消除器与模糊结合器构成。模糊脉冲噪声检测器用窗口风的中值与邻近像素信息来检测脉冲噪声,而脉冲消除器用最小值算法来计算噪声像素的估计值。与传统的脉冲噪声滤波器相比较,所设计的新滤波器具有良好的脉冲噪声抑制与图像细节边缘保护的性能。     

消除脉冲噪声的改进自适应滤波算法

针对灰度图像受脉冲噪声污染后的恢复处理问题,提出了一种改进的自适应中值滤波算法。该方法根据脉冲噪声的分布特点,采用极大值、极小值和领域均值判定准则进行噪声点的检测,然后用检测窗口内最小非噪声点集合的中值作为噪声点的滤波输出。实验结果表明,与其他几种算法相比,文中算法不仅在峰值信噪比(Peak Signal to Noise Ratio)和结构相似度(Structural Similarity,SSIM)上有较大优势,而且还具有较低的时间复杂度和更好的自适应性。也进一步说明该方法不仅能有效地检测并滤除噪声点,还能较好地保护图像的边缘细节。     

一种基于结构优化的FIR滤波器舍入噪声性能改进方案

针对滤波器组系统硬件实现时原型滤波器的有限字长效应问题,该文研究如何改善FIR原型滤波器由信号量化引起的舍入噪声,即降低舍入噪声增益,提出一种FIR滤波器优化结构。通过分析舍入噪声来源,利用多项式参数化方法对舍入噪声增益表达式进行推导。仿真实例证明,在不同字长约束条件下所提结构滤波器的幅频相频响应与理想状态基本吻合;通过与现有算法对比,所提结构具有较小的舍入噪声增益。

     

基于脉冲耦合神经网络的椒盐噪声滤波

基于脉冲耦合神经网络,提出了一种有效的椒盐噪声图像滤波算法.首先利用PCNN相似群神经元同步发放脉冲的特性检测噪声,并给出了神经元参数的估计方法.然后考虑到噪声点应和最近的非噪声点最相似,提出了一种扩展窗口中值滤波算法对噪声点进行滤波.仿真表明,本文提出的方法对不同强度的噪声图像均体现了优异的滤波性能,和相关的中值滤波算法相比也体现了相当明显的优势.     

Noise-cancelling switched-capacitor (SC) filtering technique

A method of reducing the 1/f noise in SC filters is shown using an initialising technique. This technique also removes the input offset of the operational amplifier, and thus gives an offset-free SC building block. Experimental results for a first-order lowpass filter illustrating the above are presented.     

基于人眼视觉特性的混合滤波算法

为了有效地滤除混合噪声,本文提出了一种基于人眼视觉特性的混合滤波算法。该方法首先采用基于人眼视觉特性的噪声敏感系数作为阈值来确定脉冲噪声点,对检测出脉冲噪声点采用自适应窗口大小的迭代中值滤波进行滤波,而对于含有高斯噪声的像素点则采用一种保护细节的改进的自适应模糊滤波器进行处理。该算法与标准滤波方法及其它改进混合滤波算法相比,具有更好的滤波性能。     

Impulsive noise detection by second-order differential image and noise removal using adaptive nearest neighbourhood filter

A novel impulsive noise detection method based on the principle that the difference between the noisy pixel and the nearest good pixel will be different from the difference between two nearby good pixels. This is achieved by constructing a second-order differential image. Three new noise removal methods are presented. Simulated results show that the proposed filter gives far better results than many existing filters and is comparable to the results obtained by JM filter based on Jarque-Bera test. Our noise detection method is computationally simpler.     

A switched-capacitor preprocessor for speech recognition

A switched-capacitor (SC) preprocessing system (preprocessor) which extracts and emphasizes the local peaks of the spectrum in real time is proposed for speech recognition systems. Main components of the system are a specially designed bandpass filter bank, a low-pass decimation filter bank, two-dimensional local peak extraction (LPE) filters, and a LPE filter selection circuit. Furthermore, a SC cascaded integrator-comb filter design technique is proposed to realize the decimation low-pass filter and the LPE filter. Finally, the system is tested by using two speech recognition systems.     

基于噪声估计的自适应开关型中值滤波器

提出了一种基于噪声估计的自适应开关型中值滤波器(IASMNE,improved adaptive switching median filter based on noise estimation)。IASMNE以图像经小波变换后在不同尺度和不同方向提取的子带滤波系数值的统计信息构成刻画图像受噪声干扰程度的特征矢量,在大量噪声图像上获得的特征矢量为学习数据集,并利用支持向量回归(SVR)分析实现对图像中噪声比例的准确估计。基于此,IASMNE对高、中、低不同噪声比例图像启动不同的滤波策略,并灵活设置滤波参数。大量实验表明,与其它开关型滤波器相比,IASMNE能够合理地根据图像噪声干扰程度进行最佳滤波,尤其是对于大于70%的椒盐噪声(SPN)能够大幅度提高图像质量。     

小波变换域估计观测噪声方差的Kalman滤波算法及其在数据融合中的应用

众所周知,卡尔曼滤波的成功应用需要事先准确知道观测噪声的统计特性.本文首先简要分析了不准确的观测噪声统计特性对卡尔曼滤波性能的影响,然后利用小波变换可以实时分离信号和噪声的特性,提出了一种在未知观测噪声条件下的卡尔曼滤波算法,该算法可以实时跟踪观测噪声的变化,即实现了对观测噪声方差的实时估计,从而解决了在未知观测噪声的条件下卡尔曼滤波失效问题.最后讨论了提出的方法在信息融合中的应用,仿真结果证明了本文方法的有效性和实用性.     

基于直方图的自适应图像去噪滤波器

对于那些明显偏离高斯型白噪声的加性噪声,如拖尾脉冲噪声,高斯脉冲噪声等,已有方法的滤噪性能会严重退化.为此,该文提出了一种去除脉冲噪声的新方法.该方法首先由被污染图像估计出原图像的直方图.然后应用模糊集理论,利用加权策略得到了一个符合图像灰度分布统计规律的模糊隶属度函数,以此隶属度函数构建一个加权平均滤波器. 新方法有效地利用了原图像的先验知识,能够根据图像区域特性差异及脉冲噪声强弱自适应地采用不同的滤波尺度.文章比较了传统滤波器、已有的模糊滤波器和本文方法的结果.实验表明本文方法具有更好的效果.     

低空复杂背景红外小目标检测

提出了基于复杂低空背景条件下新的图像序列跟踪方法.首先在全视场范围内采用自适应滤波法搜索目标,连续几帧检测到目标后,进入小视场范围内分割检测目标进行精确跟踪.若目标丢失,再返回全视场模式搜索目标.试验结果表明,在背景噪声较为强烈的情况下,该方法依然能有效地检测跟踪目标.由于采取了小视场跟踪的策略,减少了计算时间,实时性较好.     

Digital canvas removal in paintings

The periodic structure of the underlying support of paintings on canvas can become quite prominent and disturbing in high resolution digital recordings. In this paper, we construct a new model and method for the digital removal of canvas which is considered as a noise component superimposed on the painting artwork. The high resolution of the images prohibits the efficient application of existing adaptive denoising filters. Hence, a two-step approach is proposed. First a (smoothing) Wiener filter is applied to the complete image. The second step consists of a spatially adaptive extension with low-complexity to obtain a generic digital canvas removal filter.