基于小波分析的光电脉搏波奇异性处理

高精度的光电脉搏波信号,对于动态光谱法血液成分无创检测非常重要。要获得高精度的脉搏波信号,首先就要对信号中的噪声奇异点进行定位和修正。本文选择Marr小波,针对信号中的单个脉冲噪声和窄带脉冲噪声。研究了基于小波分析的光电脉搏波奇异性处理。利用脉搏波信号极大值线的周期性,在每个周期段内,首先利用单个脉冲噪声与有用信号截然不同的李氏指数特性,对单个脉冲噪声进行了处理。然后利用窄带脉冲的小波系数极大值线的特点对常规小波方法难以处理的窄带脉冲噪声进行分析定位。鉴于模极大值重构算法比较复杂,本文利用线性插值法对被定位的噪声奇异点进行了修正。仿真实验表明,利用小波分析和线性插值相结合的方法可以完成对光电脉搏波信号的奇异性处理,提高了脉搏波信号的幅值检测精度。     

Channel shortening equalizer for multi-access TH-UWB in the presence of multipath and multiuser interference

In this paper a novel channel shortening equalizer (CSE) for time hopping ultra wideband (TH-UWB) multiple access system with pulse position modulation (PPM) is presented. As UWB channels have very long impulse responses as compared to the narrow pulse width, CSE can reduce the number of correlators. In UWB systems, due to the received pulse that is very similar to the channel impulse response (CIR), the proposed algorithm maximizes the shortening signal to inter-symbol and multiuser interferences ratio (SSINR), defined as the ratio of the received signal energy inside the desired window to the energy in the wall and multiuser interference. The existence of the proposed CSE before correlation receiver decreases the complexity of the receiver architecture by significantly reducing the number of effective channel taps. Further we extend our method to derive general expression for the bit error rate (BER) performance in the presence of inter-symbol and multiuser interferences. Computer simulation results are provided to compare the performance of the proposed method with a MSSNR CSE, lower bound, also known as All-Rake, Partial-Rake, and Selective-Rake in terms of Rake operational temporal windows and BER.     

Adaptive noise mitigation based on peak estimate and feedback compensation in power line communication

According to the problem that the threshold for traditional blanking depends on the characteristic parameters of noise and exist large deviation,an adaptive noise mitigation algorithm based on peak estimate and feedback compensation(ANMPEFC)in power line communication was proposed.First,SLM mapping preprocessing method was employed to reduce the PAPR of emission signal,peak information was used to estimate the frequency of the received signal and the relationship between peak frequency and impulse characteristics was established.Next,received signal was processed by blanking block and feedback compensation block adaptively according to estimated pulse frequency.Finally, performance of proposed algorithm and existing algorithms were analyzed based on threshold deviation.According to the results from simulation,it is clearly demonstrated that the proposed ANMPEFC can work in power line impulse noise environment without knowing the noise characteristics and has better performance in contrast to existing impulse noise suppression algorithm.     

基于改进压缩感知的宽带低压PLC系统脉冲噪声抑制算法

为解决宽带低压电力线通信(Power Line Communication,PLC)系统中脉冲噪声造成的通信性能不稳定、误比特率高的问题,针对正交频分复用的宽带低压PLC系统提出了一种改进压缩感知的脉冲噪声抑制算法,综合考虑了脉冲噪声恢复精度和时间复杂度去改进先验支撑集获取精度和压缩感知恢复步长。首先,利用改进的门限在接收端筛选出脉冲噪声的先验部分支撑集;其次,将频域的空子载波数据当作观测向量建立压缩感知方程,利用改进的稀疏度自适应匹配追踪算法恢复脉冲噪声;最后,通过减去恢复的脉冲噪声对接收信号进行抑制。仿真结果表明,与传统算法对比,所提算法具有较好的误比特率性能,并在较高信噪比时有更好的恢复性能。     

Nonlinear suppression of autoregressive impulse noise in on-off binary communications

A novel method is proposed to combat an impulse noise in on-off binary communication. The method is based on modeling of the impulse noise using the autoregressive model. This approach does not require explicit a priori knowledge of the impulse noise statistics. The performance of the resulting algorithm is analyzed using computer simulation. It is shown that essentially power-independent reception may be achieved under conditions of impulse noise. It is also shown that the proposed technique greatly improves the system performance even when the Gaussian noise is added to the receiver input mixture. However, the improvement diminishes as the impulse-noise-to-Gaussian-noise ratio decreases.     

脉冲噪声下基于分数低阶矩的MQAM信号载频与符号率联合估计

针对传统MQAM信号载频与符号率估计算法在脉冲噪声下性能不佳甚至失效的问题,该文结合分数低阶矩与共变理论,推导了MQAM的分数低阶循环谱密度函数,并分析了升余弦脉冲成型条件下的MQAM信号循环谱特征。将分数低阶矩引入离散频域平滑谱(DFSM)估计。提出了一种基于分数低阶矩的MQAM载波频率与符号率联合参数估计算法,采用相邻谱切面求平均的方法,有效的避免了由于分辨率不足造成估计误差。仿真实验结果表明,与二阶DFSM循环谱估计算法相比,本文算法不仅能够抑制脉冲噪声的影响,而且在较为恶劣的噪声条件下均能有效的估计MQAM信号的载频与符号率,具有更好的抗干扰能力与适用性,适用于不同调制阶数的MQAM信号。      

Impulse Noise Correction in OFDM Systems

In orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems, the impulse noise causes catastrophic accuracy degradation since the impulse noise affects all the subcarriers in a symbol due to the fast Fourier transform (FFT) operations at the receiver. Potential causes of impulse noise include erasure channel, power switching, and circuit failure in integrated circuits. In this paper, from a practical observation, a novel iterative impulse error correction scheme is proposed. This scheme is referred to as the impulse noise location and value search algorithm, which is based on the crucial observation of the relationship of the impulse noise and the symbol constellation. In a 512-FFT OFDM system at 25 dB additive white Gaussian noise signal-to-noise ratio, for quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM)-4 and QAM-8 modulation, simulation results show that our proposed novel scheme can effectively correct impulse errors that corrupt up to 20.7 % and 13.9 % of the received time-domain signal at known locations. In addition, without the knowledge of impulse noise location, the proposed scheme still can correct at least 9.96 % of the received time-domain signal for QAM-4 modulation.     

基于匹配滤波的脆弱数字音频水印盲检测算法

根据原始水印构造匹配滤波器,并结合小波估计方法,提出脆弱音频水印的盲检测算法。在假定嵌入水印为噪声的情况下,利用小波不需要原始信号辅助信息即可估计该信号的特点,首先根据给定的估计门限估计了加入水印后的原始信号,从而实现了水印与音频信号分离。然后将水印与估计产生的噪声构成的混合信号送入构造的匹配滤波器作相关运算,根据滤波器的输出响应判断水印及载体是否受到攻击。实验结果表明,所提出方法对噪声、有损压缩、滤波、随机插入与删除等操作具有较高的敏感性。     

A higher-order statistics-based adaptive algorithm for lineenhancement

A novel higher order statistics (HOS) based adaptive filtering algorithm for line enhancement is suggested. The enhancement process is achieved by filtering the noisy signal through an adaptive FIR filter. The steady state of the impulse response of this filter is proportional to a selected one-dimensional (1-D) slice of the fourth-order mixed cumulant of the input signal. It is shown that this slice is comprised of noiseless sinusoids if the input signal is comprised of sinusoids embedded in Gaussian noise. Therefore, the algorithm is considered to be a suitable one in processing sinusoids embedded in highly colored Gaussian noise. Simulation results verify the performance of the proposed algorithm     

对含脉冲噪声的图像去噪算法的研究

在传统均值滤波和中值滤波的基础上,结合聚类算法理论,采用硬聚类算法和模糊模型两种算法消除图像中的脉冲噪声。与传统的滤波算法和硬聚类模型去噪算法相比,基于模糊模型的去噪算法更好地提高了图像的清晰度和信噪比。     

分数阶包络补偿在稀布阵雷达中的应用

根据稀布阵综合脉冲孔径雷达信号处理流程,将分数阶包络补偿应用到长时间相干积累处理中。对信号处理流程进行了优化,使之适合分数阶包络补偿的要求,将包络补偿过程成功地嵌入到综合脉冲孔径处理之中,实现了工程化的实时处理。根据实测信号,对算法的正确性进行了验证。最后与未采用补偿的综合结果进行了比较。试验表明:采用分数阶补偿的效果得到很好的改善,改善值可达1.5dB以上。该算法已成功实现了工程化,并在某型雷达中得到了应用,同时还可用于其他采用长时间相参积累处理的雷达中。     

Concurrent nulling and locations of multiple interferences inadaptive antenna arrays

An approach for concurrent nulling and location (CANAL) of multiple interferences impinging on an array antenna is presented. It is based on the principle of constructing the signal and the noise subspaces from the nulling weights which correspond to different steering directions. In this respect, the data snapshots and their estimated covariance matrix are not required. As in the MUSIC algorithm, the basis of the noise subspace is then used to form a spectrum in which the peak locations define the estimated angles of arrivals. Applebaum optimum weights are employed to delineate the properties of the proposed approach under the assumption of narrowband uncorrelated jamming sources, and providing that the number of steering directions exceeds the number of interferences. CANAL is presented for the general case of unknown noise power. The effect of the desired signal presence on the performance Is discussed     

Direction-of-arrival estimation for coherent GPS signals based on oblique projection

A new direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation method for coherent global positioning system (GPS) signals is proposed. It is applicable to the GPS propagation environment with rich multipath, strong interferences and noise. According to the properties of oblique projection, interferences and noise are first suppressed and only the coherent GPS signals are retained by projecting the received signal onto the signal subspace. Then, the coherent GPS signals are resolved by the Toeplitz decorrelation scheme. Using the proposed method, interferences and noise can be suppressed simultaneously, and more accurate DOA estimation for coherent GPS signals can be obtained in GPS propagation environment. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

脉冲噪声图像的中-均值滤波算法

由于在图像信息的获取和传输过程中,图像常常受到不同程度的脉冲噪声污染。为了有效地去除高浓度脉冲噪声,提出了一种基于中－均值滤波器的噪声去除算法。该方法根据脉冲噪声特点,设定一个简单的噪声检测算子,根据噪声检测结果设定自适应滤波窗口,同时根据噪声密度选择中值和均值滤波器。为了更加有效地保留图像的原有信息,对非噪声点不做滤波处理。仿真结果表明,所提出的中－均值滤波方法不仅能有效地去除高浓度的脉冲噪声,而且能很好地保留图像的原有信息,并具有较短的滤波处理时间。     

基于最大相关熵准则的恒模盲均衡算法

针对恒模算法(constant modulus algorithm, CMA)在脉冲噪声环境下性能退化的问题,本文基于最大相关熵准则(maximum correntropy criterion, MCC)对恒模算法中基于最小均方误差(mean square error, MSE)准则的代价函数进行修正,推导出适用于脉冲噪声环境的基于MCC准则的恒模盲均衡算法(MCC_CMA)。该算法利用通信信号的恒模特性,首先得到发送信号与均衡器输出信号模值的误差信号,再通过使模值误差信号的相关熵最大来获得其迭代误差调节项,避免了传统高阶统计量算法在脉冲噪声环境下性能退化的问题。对高斯噪声以及α-稳定分布和混合高斯分布两种脉冲噪声环境下的信道均衡问题的仿真实验表明,相对于经典的自适应恒模盲均衡算法,MCC_CMA算法不依赖噪声的先验知识就能获得较快的收敛速度、较低的剩余码间干扰和误码率,并且在不同脉冲强度的脉冲噪声环境下都能够得到较好的均衡结果,表明MCC_CMA算法具有很好的鲁棒性。      

含脉冲噪声的洛伦兹双阈值余量追踪信号重构

在压缩感知(CS)技术中,基于最小洛伦兹范数的重构算法在脉冲噪声环境下具有较强的鲁棒性。但是,洛伦兹硬阈值追踪(LHTP)算法采用残差的负梯度更新信号的估计量,从中引入了噪声的影响。基于此,提出了洛伦兹双阈值余量追踪(LDTRP)算法,通过迭代估计的重构误差来修正信号的估计量,并利用残差设置新的野点阈值。实验结果表明,无论信号是否受到噪声影响,LDTRP算法均能获得更好的信号重构质量。另外,在含有脉冲噪声的环境中,相比洛伦兹迭代硬阈值(LIHT)算法与LHTP算法,所提算法降低了对脉冲数量以及脉冲功率变化的敏感度,提高了重构性能。     

Parameter estimation based on fractional power spectrum under alpha-stable distribution noise environment in wideband bistatic MIMO radar system

This paper takes the alpha-stable distribution as the noise model and works on the parameter estimation problem of wideband bistatic Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) radar system in the impulsive noise environment. In many applications, it is not appropriate to approximate the wideband signal by the narrowband model. Furthermore, the echo signal may be corrupted by the non-Gaussian noise. The conventional algorithms degenerate severely in the impulsive noise environment. Thus, this paper proposes a new wideband signal model and a novel method in wideband bistatic MIMO radar system. It combines the fractional lower order statistics and fractional power spectrum, for suppressing the impulse noise and estimating parameters of the target. Firstly, a new signal array model is proposed under the alpha-stable distribution noise model. Secondly, Doppler stretch and time delay are jointly estimated by peak searching of the FLOS-FPSD. Furthermore, two modified algorithms are proposed for the estimation of the direction-of-departure and direction-of-arrival, including the fractional power spectrum density based on MUSIC algorithm (FLOS-FPSD-MUSIC) and the fractional lower-order ambiguity function based on ESPRIT algorithm (FLOS-FPSD-ESPRIT). Simulation results are presented to verity the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

An efficient algorithm for the removal of impulse noise from corrupted images

In this letter, we propose an efficient algorithm, which can successfully remove impulse noise from corrupted images while preserving image details. It is efficient, and requires no previous training. The algorithm consists of two steps: impulse noise detection and impulse noise cancellation. Extensive experimental results show that the proposed approach significantly outperforms many other well-known techniques for image noise removal.     

Algorithm of Robust Frequency Estimation in a Channel with White Gaussian Noise and Pulse Interferences

An algorithm for robust frequency estimation in a channel with additive white Gaussian noise and pulse interference is proposed. The algorithm involves iterative elimination of pulse interferences and subsequent calculation of the maximum likelihood estimate. It is demonstrated that the proposed filter-cleaner differs from the well-known Martin–Thomson filter in the functional dependence of adaptive coefficients on the estimates of parameters of distributions of the linear prediction error and the amplitude envelope of the signal. The results of mathematical modeling and numerical estimation of the threshold point of the method (0.49) are presented.     

Noncircularity restoral for multi-antenna blind beamforming

Blind beamforming for extracting noncircular signals without the prior knowledge about the objective steering vector is considered. Three second-order blind techniques via NonCircularity REstoral (NCRE) are proposed to recover a dominant noncircular signal from circular interferences plus sensor noise with arbitrary and unknown correlation structure. These schemes are labeled as NCRE1, NCRE2, and NCRE3, respectively. For the high-rank environments where a number of rectilinear/circular interfering signals are present a Mixed-Order BEamspace (MOBE) technique, using simultaneously the second- and fourth-order cumulants, is developed. The performance of these proposed methods is studied based on numerical simulations. NCRE1 is computationally simple but performs well only in the case of very weak interferences and moderate noise, NCRE3 can provide good performance in the presence of medium or weak interferences, while NCRE2 is very suitable for adverse signal environments. NCRE2 outperforms NCRE1 and NCRE3 in terms of convergence rate, over a wide range of signal to interference plus noise ratio values. It is demonstrated that all the three NCRE methods are better than the traditional sample matrix inversion technique in the presence of look direction mismatch. They are also more attractive than the high-order cumulant method when non-Gaussian circular interferences are encountered. The MOBE method is shown to be competent for handling rectilinear/circular interfering signals, with respect to the attainable output signal to interference plus noise ratio.