Research on the filtering characteristic of single phase series hybrid active power filter based on fundamental magnetic flux compensation

In this article, the PWM inverter works as a controlled fundamental current source in the single phase series hybrid active power filter (APF) based on fundamental magnetic flux compensation (FMFC). The series transformer can exhibit the self-impedance of primary winding to harmonic current, which forces harmonic current to flow into passive power filter. With the influence of harmonic current, the voltage of primary winding of transformer is a harmonic voltage, which makes the inverter output currents have a certain harmonic component, and it degrades the filtering characteristics. On the basis of PWM inverter, the mathematical model of series hybrid APF is established, and the filtering characteristics of single phase APF are analysed in detail. Three methods are gained to improve filtering characteristics: reasonably designing the inverter output filter inductance, increasing series transformer ratio and adopting voltage feed-forward control. Experimental results show that the proposed APF has greater validity.     

A novel shunt hybrid active power filter based on magnetic flux compensation

In this article, the principle of a novel shunt hybrid active power filter (APF) based on magnetic flux compensation is proposed. The parallel transformer can exhibit nearly zero impedance to harmonic current whereas the zero magnetic flux condition is satisfied for harmonics, which leads harmonic current to flow into the transformer branch. Meanwhile, the transformer can exhibit continuously adjustable impedance to the fundamental current based on fundamental magnetic flux compensation, which works together with the passive power filter to compensate for reactive power. A mathematical model is established for system stability analysis and steady state estimation. The experimental results verify that the performance of the proposed APF is satisfactory in harmonic suppression as well as reactive power compensation.     

UPS滤波研究

针对不间断供电电源(Uninterruptible Power Supply即UPS)产生的谐波，提出一种新型基于基波磁通补偿的串联型有源电力滤波器。从变压器的等效电路得出，只要在变压器的副方注入一个与其原方电流中基波分量方向相反、大小成一定比例的基波电流，便可使串联变压器对基波呈现原方的漏电抗，而对谐波呈现励磁阻抗。实验结果表明此滤波器具有很好的滤波效果。     

Sliding Transformer With Long Magnetic Circuit for Contactless Electrical Energy Delivery to Mobile Receivers

A new type of sliding transformer with long magnetic core and movable secondary winding is presented. The basic transformer configurations and wiring are described. The magnetic flux distribution along the magnetic circuit and its influence on transformer parameters are discussed and examined. Also, the leakage inductance of the transformer primary winding, as the main cause of voltage drop and energy losses, has been discussed. The main experimental results of transformer model investigation are presented in this paper     

一种低漏感平面变压器

变压器的漏感是电磁干扰的主要来源之一,这是因为开关管在高速关断时,在变压器的漏感上产生感应电动势,叠加在变压器绕组的关断电压上,形成关断电压尖峰,这些电压尖峰不但造成电磁干扰,还会使开关管的电压应力增大,重者可能击穿开关管,并增大开关损耗,降低开关电源的效率。本文提出一种分布磁路结构的低漏感平面变压器,其原边绕组的匝数降低为一匝,副边绕组的等效匝数降低为小于一匝,因而漏感显著减小,这种分布磁路结构可以用于低压大电流电源的变压器,其有效性通过Maxwell 3D得到验证。     

高频变压器铜损的三维模拟仿真与分析

对高频变压器建立三维电磁分析模型,采用有限元法对变压器铜损进行数值求解.模拟分析次级绕组段间距、初级绕组以及磁芯漏磁对次级绕组损耗的影响,并引入了矩形导线和圆导线之间的等效因子.分析表明,在考虑次级绕组段间距、初级绕组以及磁芯漏磁后,高频变压器次级铜损为246.086W,大于Dowell模型的理论计算值107.500W,这为变压器的优化设计提供了参考.     

有源电子式电流互感器高压侧电源的研究

电流互感器是电力系统中的重要设备,介绍一种适用于有源电子式电流互感器的悬浮式直流电源的设计原理。提出一种用补偿线圈和充电电池相结合的方法对母线电流取能方式进行改进的新方案,使电源在更宽的一次侧电流动态范围内满足电子式电流互感器对电源的要求。实验结果表明,该电源能够满足高压侧电子电路的供能要求。该方法是目前解决有源电子电流互感器高压侧电源问题的有效方法之一。     

基于自激推挽式小型化二次电源的设计

介绍了自激推挽式DC-DC变换器的基本工作原理,给出了实际工作的自激推挽式二次电源的实用电路及主要单元电路的设计方法,利用单变压器设计出＋10V和-10V两路输出的二次电源,在设计中通过选择电流反馈型电路,消减了开关管导通和关断时出现的电流尖峰,通过用MOSFET代替晶体管避免磁通不平衡。最后对电路进行了实验测试,验证了二次电源的稳定性和可靠性,实现了数模混合电路系统供电电路的小型化.     

A novel DC voltage control strategy of series hybrid active power filter

In this article, a novel DC voltage control strategy which is independent of the detection of the primary winding voltage across the series transformer is proposed to solve the DC voltage control problem of the series hybrid active power filter (APF). Meanwhile, this proposed DC voltage control method adopts an open-loop control strategy. The inverter generates unchanged DC voltage control current to ensure that the fundamental voltage loss of the series transformer remain stable. The simulation and experimental results validity and feasibility of the proposed DC voltage control the method of the series hybrid APF.     

传输线变压器相位补偿技术及其应用

传输线变压器是在短波和超短波频段使用广泛的重要器件,根据传输线变压器原理设计制造的器件具有结构紧凑、功率容量大、频带宽、损耗小等优点.该文研究了利用慢波线原理和相位补偿技术克服传输线变压器对于传输线电长度的限制,使其适用频率向s波段以上扩展的方法.文中给出了1:4阻抗变换器电路的传输损耗和高低端输入阻抗理论公式并对其进行了讨论.对所设计的S波段1:4阻抗变换器及功率合成器进行了仿真分析并设计制作了实物.仿真和实测结果表明,利用慢波线原理和相位补偿后的传输线变压器能够适用s波段及以上微波器件.     

Control algorithms and circuit designs for optimal flyback-chargingof an energy-storage capacitor (e.g., for flash lamp or defibrillator)

A flyback-type of a transformer-coupled DC/DC power converter supplies a train of current pulses to charge an energy-storage capacitor to a desired high voltage, converting input DC power obtained from a lower voltage DC source. The energy-storage capacitor is charged to a specified voltage within a specified time with minimum peak and RMS currents in the transistor, the rectifier diode, the transformer windings and the DC power source, minimizing the i²R losses. This is done by generating: (1) energy-storage current pulses in the power transistor and the transformer primary winding in which the current increment from the beginning to the end of a pulse is only a small fraction of the final (peak) value; and (2) energy-delivery flyback current pulses in the capacitor and the transformer secondary winding in which the current decrement from the beginning to the end of a pulse is only a small fraction of the initial (peak) value. Recommended methods are: (1) hysteretic current-mode control with current sensing in both transformer windings; (2) peak-current-commanding current-mode control with switching frequency or transistor-nonconducting time varying in a prescribed way during the charging; or (3) valley-current-commanding current-mode control with switching frequency or transistor-conducting time varying in a prescribed way during the charging. Compared with one nonoptimal method, peak currents are reduced by a factor of about 2 and i²R power losses are reduced by a factor of about 1.33     

S-N transition of HIGH-Tc superconducting ring caused by induced current

The experimental investigation results of superconducting-normal state transitions in a high-T_c superconducting ring with induced current are presented. A transformer device is used, where the superconducting ring forms a secondary winding of a transformer. Using the analysis method based on an equivalent circuit of the transformer, the voltage and current in the ring vs time are obtained from oscilloscope traces of the voltage and current in the primary winding of the device. The dynamic voltage-current characteristic of the ring is found to have a hysteresis. This hysteresis is explained by the inertia of thermal processes and propagation of a resistive zone in the ring.     

Integrated magnetic full wave converter with flexible output inductor

A new integrated magnetic full wave DC/DC power converter that provides flexible transformer design by incorporating an independent output inductor winding is introduced. The transformer is implemented on a traditional three-leg magnetic core. The inductor winding can be separately designed to control the output current ripple. The cross-sectional area of the inductor core leg can be reduced dramatically. The operation and performance of the proposed circuit are verified on a 100 W prototype converter.     

静止同步补偿器STATCOM的d-q直接电流控制仿真

近年来,电力网中电压不平衡给系统带来很多危害,无功电流的补偿已成为亟待解决的问题,传统无功补偿装置已经远不能满足要求,新型静止同步补偿器STATCOM应运而生。本文研究静止同步补偿器STATCOM的工作原理、数学模型、无功功率理论和直接电流控制方法,实现无功功率补偿方式。在对STATCOM模型的建立进行了深入研究的同时,采用d-q电流直接控制法对STATCOM进行了仿真分析。     

电机统一电磁耦合模型研究

等效电路是"电机学"课程教材中各类电机的重要内容,但教材着力于不同电机结构,因此存在各种不同的等效电路。本文利用磁场和材料特性不变原则,通过坐标变换和绕组折算,将不同频率的电压方程转换成相同频率和统一磁链形式,再引入磁势与统一匝数乘积的新物理量AT2,将磁势与磁通描述的磁路模型转换成AT2与磁链模型,从而获得统一电磁耦合模型。理论研究揭示了不同种类电机之间存在的共同电磁耦合本质,将有助于深入理解《电机学》教材的内容。     

Design and implementation of a novel synchronous-rectifier forward converter with improved performance

This article proposes two new methods for improving the performance of a synchronous-rectifier forward converter. A synchronous-rectifier converter produces a reverse current in the inductor due to the bidirectional characteristic of MOSFETs while the converter is turned off. This reverse current causes voltage spikes which may damage the power devices. This article proposes two methods to reduce the voltage spikes: method 1 and method 2. Method 1 uses the enable signal detection method. An enable signal is generated from the remote control of the system when the main power is turned off. Then, the proposed circuit of method 1 turns off the free-wheeling switch before the reverse current is produced. As a result, the voltage spike can be avoided. Method 2 uses a transformer winding to detect the turn-off time of the input power. Then, the circuit turns off the free-wheeling switch to break the resonant loop and end the reverse current. The cost analysis of method 1 and 2 is included. In addition, several experimental results are provided to validate the correctness and feasibility of the theoretical analysis.     

电容串联分压输出电路特性研究

为减少普通变压器瞬变高电压及电源电流对电路有源器件的冲击，详细介绍了一种电容串联分压输出电路的结构及其工作原理，利用实验的方法给出输入一输出电流与负载的关系及输出电压与负载的关系曲线图，通过关系曲线图对电容串联分压输出电路的特性进行深入的研究，结果表明：该电路没有普通变压器瞬变高电压对电路的冲击，也没有较大的电源电流对电路的冲击，这为初级有源器件的选用带来方便。     

A leakage-inductance-based ZVS two-inductor boost converter with integrated magnetics

A two-inductor boost converter topology has conduction loss and transformer utilization advantages in converting low-voltage higher current inputs to high output voltages. In this letter, a new zero-voltage switching (ZVS) two-inductor boost converter with integrated magnetics is proposed. In the new topology, the two current source inductors, a resonant inductor and a two-winding transformer, are integrated into one single magnetic core with three windings. Two windings simultaneously perform the functions of the current source inductors and the transformer primary. The transformer leakage inductance forms the resonant inductance. This leads to a much more compact converter design with a significant reduction in the number of core and winding components. A theoretical analysis establishes the operating point of the ZVS converter. Both of the theoretical and experimental waveforms, including flux waveforms for the legs of the integrated core structure, are presented at the end of the letter.     

径向振动压电变压器的等效电路模型及特性研究

本文使用线性压电方程并结合相关的弹性理论对目前国际上刚刚出现的径向振动压电变压器进行了分析和研究,导出了该压电变压器的等效电路模型,并根据电路模型得出径向振动压电变压器的输入阻抗、输出阻抗、升压比、输出功率及效率等特性的数学表达式.文中通过实验对上述特性加以验证,实验结果与理论计算值基本一致,说明本文给出的径向振动压电变压器等效电路模型及其各种特性的数学表达式是正确的.     

A low-profile power converter using printed-circuit board (PCB)power transformer with ferrite polymer composite

A new design of low-cost and low-profile power transformer is presented in this paper. The manufacturing cost of a power transformer can be reduced using the proposed printed-circuit board (PCB) transformer. The transformer windings are etched on the opposite sides of a double-sided PCB. Self-adhesive ferrite polymer composite (FPC) sheets are stuck on the two PCB surfaces to shield the magnetic flux induced from the transformer windings. The PCB transformer does not require manual winding and bobbin. A power converter prototype employing the PCB transformer has been implemented. The technique of choosing the optimum switching frequency of the power converter using the PCB transformer is addressed in this paper. The maximum power delivered from the prototype is 94 W. The maximum efficiency of the power converter is 83.5%