Calculation of radiation from a quasi-optical reflector antenna for whispering gallery mode

We propose a method to calculate the radiation characteristics of a quasi-optical reflector antenna for whispering gallery mode called Vlasov's antenna. Correction of the shape of the reflector, which was a parabolic cylinder in the original paper by Vlasov et al. (1975), is performed using wave-normal rays. The radiation field is calculated by means of an image source which is obtained with the geometrical optics. Some numerical results show that the radiated beam is gaussian-like in far zone. A scheme of high-power application (500kW, 106·4GHz, TE_12,2) to a beam transmission system is also presented     

An improved design for quasi-optical mode conversion of whispering gallery mode gyrotron radiation

Results are reported of a theoretical and experimental investigation of a quasi-optical mode converter for the transformation of whispering gallery mode gyrotron output into a linearly polarized Gaussian like beam. The mode converter consists of a helically cut waveguide launcher, similar to that originally proposed by Vlasovet al, followed by a focusing mirror. Theoretical results using aperture field methods indicate that the length of the waveguide launcher is of critical importance in providing a confined radiation pattern. Experimental results on the radiation pattern were obtained for several launcher lengths using a 0.6 MW, 149 GHz pulsed gyrotron operating in the TE_16,2 mode. Radiation pattern results for the optimum launcher length agree well with theoretical calculations using the Stratton-Chu aperture radiation theory for unperturbed waveguide modes. A mirror focusing in the azimuthal direction was designed by a geometrical optics approach to focus the radiation coming from the launcher. Good focusing with 91.4% efficiency (power in the focused beam divided by gyrotron power) was found experimentally using the combined launcher and mirror with the pulsed gyrotron. These results indicate that quasi-optical antennas are useful for transforming high order, high frequency gyrotron modes into directed beams in free space.     

140 GHz回旋管高转换效率准光模式变换器设计研究（英文）

成功实现高转换效率的140 GHz TE22,6准光模式变换器原型设计。基于周期微扰原理设计Denisov辐射器,实现低边缘绕射的初级出射波束。针对三镜面光路系统,采用全矢物理光学积分作为主要计算手段,围绕主极化场分量进行三级相位修正面迭代优化,实现高出射高斯纯度的模式场转换,其中一级镜的修正有效改善了辐射器出射的不理想性。基于全矢数值仿真确认,相比原二次曲面原型设计,相位修正后的变换器系统的出射高斯纯度从92.7%提高到99.6%,结合98.8%以上的功率传递效率,实现了性能优越的高阶回旋管准光模式变换器原型设计。     

Experimental study on a quasi-optical mode converter for transforming the whispering-gallery mode into a circularly polarized hollow radiation beam

An experiment was carried out for transforming the 120 GHz-TE_12.2 whispering-gallery mode (WGM) into a circularly polarized hollow radiation beam. A hollow beam was formed by reflecting the WGM, which was radiated from a 16 mm radius circular waveguide cut, with an annular mirror having suitable local normal vectors. The experimentally observed field intensity profiles of the reflected wave were in good agreement with calculated results.     

On a self-consistent calculation of the self-modulation instability in gyrotrons operating in whispering gallery modes

A self—consistent calculation of the self—modulation instability in gyrotrons operating in whispering gallery modes is carried out in the cold cavity approximation for satellite modes. The approach is illustrated numerically in the case of the planned operation of the KfK gyrotron in the TE_10,4 mode.     

94GHzTE5,3准光辐射器

基于耦合波理论和相位匹配技术,对准光辐射器的传统设计方法进行了改进,使其适用于低阶模式的设计.通过调节耦合时模式间的相位,在切口处实现了具有高斯场分布的理想模式组合.利用这一方法,优化设计了一个94 GHz,TE5,3回旋管准光辐射器.数值模拟结果表明,设计的辐射器在切口处形成了一个良好的束斑,边馈电平达到-30 dB,口径场高斯含量高于98%.     

A quasi-optical mode converter with a bifocal mirror

This paper presents the design procedure of a quasi-optical mode converter to transform any kind of TE_mn mode into a Gaussian wave beam and experimental results obtained in the particular case of the TE₆₄ mode at 110 GHz. The quasi-optical system consists of a helical-cut launcher and a bifocal mirror, which is designed, using the techniques of geometric optics, to focus the radiation of the launcher into a Gaussian focal spot. Such a system was fabricated and tested for the transformation of the TE₆₄ mode. The experimental results showed that about 80% of the power incident in the focal plane is focused into a small Gaussian-like spot of less than 20 mm diameter, while 97% of the power is contained into the main TE₆₄ lobe     

170 GHz回旋管准光模式变换器的设计

针对170 GHz回旋管研究,设计了一种高效Denisov准光模式变换器,该回旋管工作在模式。模式变换器由微扰结构的辐射器和镜面系统组成。基于耦合模理论和矢量绕射理论,研究了两级微扰辐射器,优化设计了镜面系统。仿真结果显示,模式转换为高斯光束,其输出功率转换效率为93.7%。     

Thermally induced whispering gallery mode laser in MEH-PPV solutions

We report on thermally activated whispering gallery laser modes of a solution of MEH-PPV conjugated polymer supported by a silica optical fiber. The viscosity of the polymer solution gives place to a thin shell of the gain solution around the fiber driven by capillary action. Whispering gallery modes (WGMs) are thermally induced by a decrease in the refractive index of the polymer solution under intense optical pumping. The laser emission is produced because the evanescent waves of the WGMs couple the surrounding gain medium. These results support the use of conjugated polymers in optofluidic laser systems and highlight the importance of physicochemical properties, such as viscosity and optically induced heating, on the performance of the devices.     

A whispering gallery mode strain sensor based on microtube resonator

A novel whispering gallery mode (WGM) strain sensor based on microtube has been proposed, where perceiving strain variations are reported via the dynamical regulation of a whispering gallery mode. The WGMs in the microtube resonator were evanescently excited by a micro-nano fiber fabricated by the fusion taper technique. The structural changes of microtubes under axial strain were simulated with finite element software, and the effect of microtube wall thickness on strain sensitivity was systematically studied through experiments. The experimental results show that the strain sensitivity of thin-walled microtube is found to be 1.18 pm/με and the Q-factor in the order of 4.4×104. Due to its simple fabrication and easy manipulation as well as good sensing performance, the microtube strain sensor has potential applications in high-sensitivity optical sensing.     

94 GHz回旋管准光模式变换器的数值模拟

对回旋管内置准光模式变换器进行了理论研究和数值模拟。基于几何光学理论和矢量绕射理论,编制了模拟电磁场行为的分析和优化程序,采用Vlasov辐射器和准光反射器实现了线极化准高斯模HE11。结果表明:在一级反射镜下的转换效率为88.3%,增加反射镜级数会降低转换效率。     

A high-efficiency quasi-optical mode converter for a 140-GHz 1-MW CW gyrotron

A highly efficient quasi-optical mode converter system with several novel features has been designed and tested at Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe (FZK). The converter consists of a dimpled-wall waveguide launcher, one quasi-elliptical mirror and two toroidal mirrors. The coupled-mode theory has been used to analyze the operation of the prebunching waveguide launcher; the radiated fields from the cut of the launcher have been calculated by the scalar diffraction integral. Simulation results show that the advanced dimpled-wall launcher generates a well-focused Gaussian radiation pattern with low diffraction losses. In this case, toroidal mirrors are sufficient to obtain a desired output beam pattern. An efficiency of more than 98% has been achieved to convert the rotating TE/sub 28,8/ cavity mode at 140 GHz into a fundamental Gaussian beam. Experimental measurements show close agreement with theoretical predictions.     

W波段准光模式变换器的优化仿真设计

以准光近似理论为基础,建立了输入模式为TE03模、频率为94GHz的准光模式变换器模型,并进行仿真优化设计,得到了优化后的准光模式变换器数模型参数;仿真结果表明辐射波束具有明显的方向性,波束明显变窄锐化,主瓣增益很高,达到29.46dBi,能量主要集中在主瓣上,旁瓣增益较低,辐射效率达到87.36%,当输入端口波导直径为9mm的准光模式变换器时,其功率的容量超过了300MW.     

波导耦合回音壁模式光学微球腔结构耦合特性分析

提出了一种耦合微球和波导系统的有效方法,并在数值和实验上进行了论证.为了研究微球腔和波导系统的耦合特性,首先通过耦合模理论研究了这个系统的2D模型.通过有限时域差分法设计了一个数值仿真系统.在快速傅里叶变换(FFT)处理样本数据后,得到了波长范围从600 nm到1 000 nm的相对强度谱曲线和传输谱曲线.在实验中,采用熔融单模光纤顶端的方法制得了石英材料微球腔.采用热拉技术制得了锥形光纤,用来作为激发微球腔中回音壁模式的波导.测试了这个微球腔-锥形光纤耦合系统,通过优化微球腔与锥形光纤的相对位置得到其品质因数高达2.3×106,耦合效率高达92.5%.这些耦合特性可以很好地用理论结果解释.这些特性表明了其在实际微腔传感和微型激光器中极具潜力.     

94GHzTE6,2模内置准光模式变换器

提出了可应用于94 GHz回旋管内部的TE6,2准光模式变换器.根据几何光学和矢量绕射理论编制了模拟其电磁行为的分析和优化程序.根据几何光学原理,设计了该模式变换器的初步结构参数,然后利用该优化程序获得了最优化的相关参数.优化结果表明,在94 GHz,该准光变换器功率转换效率约为85%,转换所得波束高斯含量高于70%.     

On the design of open resonators for quasi-optical gyrotrons

In the design of a 120 GHz 200 kW quasi-optical gyrotron, we have analyzed the influence of the open resonator geometry (two circular mirrors facing one another) on the electronic efficiency, the ohmic losses, the output coupling and the multimode behavior. The method we have used to optimized the resonator design will be presented. Mode selectivity is improved by using a resonator formed by two mirrors each of which has a central step. Numerical simulations show that single mode operation can also be attained in the more favorable situation of a magnetic field having a positive taper over the interaction region.     

太赫兹宽带Denisov型准光模式变换器的设计分析

研究并设计了一种具有宽频带工作能力的太赫兹准光模式变换器。该准光模式变换器采用具有高效率特性的Denisov 辐射器,工作在TE_6,2模式,用于实现回旋管内的模式变换。由于Denisov 辐射器的参数是影响准光模式变换器宽带性能的主要因素,因此通过对辐射器参数的优化设计,达到增大模式变换器带宽的效果。使用自主开发的准光学模拟程序进行仿真,模式变换器中心频率为94 GHz,带宽达2 GHz。     

Profile-broaden ultraviolet lasing from whispering gallery mode cavity in crown-like zinc oxide

Based on the transfer matrix method,a detailed theoretical and numerical study on double-phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating(FBG)is investigated.Temporal responses of the double-phase-shifted FBG to optical pulse are analyzed and the influence of the two phase-shifts’position on the reflected output pulse is evaluated.Results demonstrate that very different temporal pulse waveforms can be achieved by adjusting the length ratio(α=L2/L1).Specifically,a transform-limited Gaussian input optical pulse can be shaped into flat-top square pulse(α=1.81)or two identical optical pulse sequences(α=1.93).     

Effect of Ce2O3 on the 1.53 μm spectroscopic properties in Er3+-doped tellurite glasses

The crown-like zinc oxide(Zn O)samples,which are composed of a hexagonal cap and a tower-like shaft,are prepared by vapor transport method.The hexagonal cap,working as a whispering gallery mode(WGM)resonant cavity,demonstrates density-dependent ultraviolet(UV)lasing emission with a broadened and squared photoluminescence(PL)profile under UV excitation at 355 nm.Theoretical analyses based on Fermi golden rule show that the broadened spectrum profile results from the special optical mode density characteristics in a WGM micro-cavity,which is in agreement with the observed results.     

Diffraction of a TM whispering gallery mode by the edge of a nonperfectly conducting spherically curved sheet

Electromagnetic scattering is a function of the scatterer's material properties as well as its geometry. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the effect of the physical properties of a body on diffraction phenomena besides the geometrical properties. The aim here is to give a rigorous asymptotic solution for the diffraction of high-frequency electromagnetic fields by an edge on a spherically curved sheet having a particular impedance property. The solution is interpreted with the terminology of the geometrical theory of diffraction (GTD).