Novel current-mode active-only biquad with loss-less and lossy integrators

This paper presents a realization of a current-mode active-only biquad with a two-integrator loop structure. The proposed circuit is constructed solely with operational amplifiers (OAs) and operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs). The circuit can realize low-pass, band-pass, high-pass, band-stop and all-pass transfer functions, and the circuit characteristics can be electronically tuned by adjusting the transconductance gains of the OTAs. An example is given together with simulated results by PSPICE. The circuit configuration is very suitable for implementation in both bipolar and CMOS technologies.     

Versatile voltage-mode active-only biquad with lossless and lossy integrator loop

This paper presents a realization of a voltage-mode active-only biquad using operational amplifiers (OAs) and operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs). The circuit configuration is obtained from a second-order integrator loop structure with lossless and lossy integrators. The proposed circuit can realize low-pass, band-pass, high-pass, band-stop and all-pass transfer functions by a suitable choice of input and output terminals. The circuit characteristics can be electronically tuned through adjustment of the transconductance gains of the OTAs. An example is given, together with simulated results by PSPICE. The circuit configuration is very suitable for implementation in both bipolar and CMOS technologies.     

Multiple-Mode OTA-C Universal Biquad Filters

Two new multiple-mode (including voltage, current, transconductance, and transresistance modes) OTA-C universal biquad filters are proposed. The first proposed circuit uses only four operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs) and two grounded capacitors. The second proposed circuit uses five OTAs and two grounded capacitors. Both the proposed circuits can realize voltage, current, transconductance, and transresistance mode universal filtering responses (low-pass, high-pass, band-pass, notch, and all-pass) from the same topology. The first proposed circuit uses the least number of components. This represents an attractive feature from a chip area and power consumption point of view. The second proposed circuit has no need of extra inverting and non-inverting amplifiers for special input signals. Moreover, both the proposed biquads still have (i) the employment of two grounded capacitors, (ii) cascadable connection of the former voltage-mode stage and the latter current-mode stage, and (iii) low sensitivity performance. H-SPICE simulation results confirm the theoretical analysis.     

Electronically tunable voltage-mode universal filter with single-input five-output using simple OTAs

This article presents a new electronically tunable voltage-mode universal biquadratic filter with single-input five-output using simple operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs) and grounded capacitors. The proposed configuration provides low-pass, band-pass, high-pass, band-stop and all-pass voltage responses at a high-impedance input terminal that enables easy cascading in voltage-mode. The natural frequency and the quality factor can be set orthogonally by adjusting the circuit components. The natural frequency can also be controlled electronically by adjusting the bias currents of the OTAs. For realising all the five standard filtering functions, no critical-matching conditions are imposed and all the incremental parameter sensitivities are low. Experimental and simulation results that confirm the theoretical predictions are given.     

基于OTA的通用双二阶滤波器设计

在跨导运算放大器（OTA,Operational Transconductance Amplifier）器件特性的基础上,提出了一种采用OTA构成的电压模式三输入单输出通用双二阶滤波电路,该电路由4个OTA、2个电容构成。通过选择不同的输入端口,它可以实现二阶低通、带通、高通、陷波、全通5种滤波功能,通过分析该电路的传输函数可知,该电路的灵敏度低,对该电路用PSPICE进行了仿真,仿真结果表明该电路设计正确。     

Novel voltage-mode biquad without external passive elements

This paper introduces a voltage-mode biquad filter using only active devices such as operational amplifiers and operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs). The circuit configuration is obtained from Soderstrand's active-R state variable filter as a prototype. The proposed circuit can realize five different biquad transfer functions, and the circuit characteristics can be electronically tuned by adjusting the transconductance gains of the OTAs. An example is given, together with simulated results by PSPICE. The circuit configuration is very suitable for implementation in both bipolar and CMOS technologies.     

Electronically tunable current-mode active-only biquadratic filter

This paper presents a realization of current-mode active-only filter. The proposed filter is constructed employing operational amplifiers and operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs). The circuit can realize biquadratic transfer function, and the circuit characteristics can be electronically tuned through adjusting the transconductance gains of the OTAs. An example is given together with simulated result by PSPICE. The circuit configuration is very suitable for implementation in both bipolar or CMOS technologies.     

Universal three input and one output current-mode filter withoutexternal passive elements

A new current-mode universal filter is proposed. The filter uses only operational amplifiers and operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs) and can realise lowpass, highpass, bandpass, notch and allpass responses without changing circuit topology. The parameters ω₀, ω₀/Q₀, and the gain can be electronically tuned by adjusting the bias currents of the OTAs. The proposed circuit has low sensitivity     

High input impedance voltage-mode universal biquadratic filter using two OTAs and one CCII

A three-input and single-output voltage-mode universal biquadratic filter with high input impedance, using only two operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs), one plus-type second-generation current conveyor (CCII) and two capacitors, is presented. The proposed circuit can realize all the standard filter responses, that is, highpass, bandpass, lowpass, notch and allpass filters, from the same configuration. The proposed circuit has no requirements for component matching conditions.     

基于OA-OTA的多功能电压模式滤波器

提出了一种由运算放大器（OA）和运算跨导放大器（OTA）构成的多功能电压模式滤波器。适当选定输入输出端，可以实现低通、高通、带通、带阻和全通滤波功能。由于电路仅含有源器件，因而适于全集成，且容易实现电路特性的电调节，中心频率及品质因数的有源灵敏度也很低，PSPICE仿真结果表明，提出的电路方案是可行的。     

Current-mode biquad using OTAs and CF

A novel current-mode biquad using operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs) and current follower (CF) is presented. The circuit can realise lowpass, bandpass, highpass, band-stop and all-pass transfer functions without any circuit matching conditions. The circuit parameters can also be tuned independently by the transconductance gains of the OTAs. The proposed biquad enjoys very low sensitivities with respect to the circuit elements.     

Versatile active-only biquad circuits with loss-less and lossy integrators

This paper presents a realization of voltage-mode and current-mode active-only biquad circuits with a two-integrator loop-structure. The circuits are constructed solely with operational amplifiers (OAs) and operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs). The biquad circuits can realize the multiple circuit transfer functions, and the circuit parameters can be tuned orthogonally through adjusting the transconductance gains of the OTAs. Also, these biquad circuits enjoy very low sensitivities with respect to the circuit active elements. Some examples are given together with simulated results by PSPICE.

The circuit configurations are very suitable for implementation on both bipolar and CMOS technologies.     

OTA-Based Sine-to-Triangular Wave Converter

A sine-to-triangular wave converter based on operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs) is proposed in this paper. The realization method exploits a hyperbolic tangent behavior of an OTA to convert from a sine wave to a triangular wave. The proposed circuit provides a simple configuration and employs only OTAs as the active elements. This scheme can be operated in both a voltage-controlled mode and a current-controlled mode. The performances of the proposed circuit are discussed in detail and confirmed by the experimental results.     

电流模式n阶传输函数的OA-OTA实现

提出了一种新的实现任意 n阶电流模式传输函数的网络结构。该电路仅含运算放大器 (OA)和运算跨导放大器 (OTA)有源器件 ,因而适于全集成。适当设置 OTA的跨导值能实现任意高阶传输函数 ,且传输函数的系数可独立调整。文中推导了滤波器的设计公式 ,并给出了截止频率为 1 0 0 k Hz的三阶巴特沃斯低通滤波器实例 ,PSPICE仿真结果表明所提电路及设计公式是正确的     

Electronically tunable OTA-C mutually coupled circuit

A novel method for realising a mutually coupled circuit using operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs) as active elements is proposed. The realised circuit is composed of eight OTAs and two grounded capacitors, and the values of a primary selfinductance, a secondary selfinductance and a mutual inductance can be independently tuned through the bias currents of the OTAs.<>     

Simple square-rooting circuit using OTAs

A method to implement a square-rooting circuit is described. The proposed circuit employs operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs) as the only active elements. The implementation technique is based on an electronically variable resistor formed by the OTA, where the magnitude of the resistance is controlled by the output current, to provide the square-rooting function. The proposed scheme can operate with both a voltage input and a current input signal. The purpose of the circuit is emphasised in terms of simple configuration, high accuracy and low cost. Experimental results showing the circuit performance are presented.     

Instrumentation amplifiers using operational transconductance amplifiers

Instrumentation amplifier circuits using operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs) as active circuit elements are proposed in this paper. Two new instrumentation amplifier circuits have been described and experimentally verified, where the first circuit comprises four OTAs and five resistors and the second circuit comprises two OTAs and three resistors.     

Universal filter using a ‘pseudo’ gyrator

A filter based on a ‘pseudo’ gyrator that simultaneously makes a low-pass, band-pass and notch transfer function is presented. By adding another amplifier, this circuit can also make a high-pass and an all-pass filter. Two prototypes using usual op. amp. or current feed-back operational amplifiers (CFOAs) are proposed. SPICE simulations and measurements on prototypes confirm the validity of the theoretical analysis.     

Novel grounded and floating high order immittance simulators using OTAs and OAs

This paper proposes novel grounded and floating high order series and parallel immittance simulators using operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs) and operational amplifiers (OAs) with a finite gain–bandwidth (GB) product. They are composed of active devices (OTAs and OAs) and resistances, and are suitable for monolithic implementation in either CMOS or bipolar technologies. They also realize both positive and negative high order immittances. The circuit characteristics can be electronically tuned by adjusting the transconductances of OTAs and the GB products of OAs. Any transfer functions are realizable using the proposed simulators. Two examples are shown, together with simulation results.     

Programmable Gm– C Filters Using Floating-Gate Operational Transconductance Amplifiers

We present programmable, fully differential G_m-C second-order sections (SOS) showing tunability over a wide range of frequencies. The SOSs use floating-gate operational transconductance amplifiers (FG-OTAs) to realize tunability. We present two FG programmable OTAs. The OTAs have a pFET input stage and employ current mirror topology. An FG common-mode feedback (CMFB) circuit as well as a conventional CMFB circuit is described for use with these OTAs. Their performance is compared. Expressions are derived for the differential and common-mode frequency response of the OTAs. Typical simulation and experimental results are shown for prototypes fabricated in a 0.5-mum CMOS process available through MOSIS. The prototypes operate from a single 3.3-V supply with typical bias currents in the 10-100-nA range. We present experimental results showing frequency-and Q-tuning for a low-pass SOS (LPSOS) and a bandpass SOS (BPSOS) designed using these FG-OTAs also fabricated in a 0.5-mum CMOS process. Measured 1-dB compression for LPSOS and BPSOS are -15 and -11 dBm, respectively