Power delay optimization of nanoscale 4×1 multiplexer using CMOS based voltage doubler circuit

This paper represents a low leakage, highly efficient and delay improved 4×1 MUX with MOS based voltage doubler circuit cum augmented sleep transistors MOS configuration with nanoscale structure. The unique newly designed voltage doubler circuit is implemented as an additional circuit at the output of the implemented proposed design to step-up the voltage. It means that the output peak voltage is doubled due to the transient of both positive and negative cycles. This stepped-up voltage may be exploited as a stabilized supply for specific applications. The voltage doubler circuit is not enough to improve the overall performance of proposed 4×1 MUX design. In order to integrate the optimization criterion of leakage power and delay performance, the voltage doubler circuit is utilized along with the MOS configuration of augmented sleep transistors. To minimize the parameter of leakage power dissipation theMOSbased voltage doubler circuit cum augmented sleep transistorsMOSconfiguration is introduced. This will mitigate the redundant unused leakage power dissipation of the circuit. This additional circuitry brings out the aspired level of output voltage for the proposed and implemented 4×1 MUXwith better performance parameters. The whole simulation has been done for the 45nmtechnology. It is finally summarized that the leakage power dissipation is minimized up to 55% just around and the delay performance is also improved up to a desired level due to the utilization of MOS based voltage doubler circuit with the MOS configuration of augmented sleep transistors. In this paper, different combinations of MOS based augmented voltage doubler circuit implemented at the output of 4×1 MUX are represented.     

Design and Analysis of 4×4 Arrayed Waveguide Grating Multiplexer

The operation principle of an arrayed waveguide grating(AWG) multiplexer is introduced and the 4×4 AWG with following design parameters is discussed in detail, such as the choice of wavelength, the neighboring arrayed waveguide distance ΔL, the channel frequency interval Δf, and the free spectral range. The structure of 4×4 AWG is designed and the result of stimulated test is also given. Analysis shows that the 4×4 AWG is characterized by a wide dynamic range, low crosstalk, better spectrum properties, and a compact structure.     

A Fast H.264 Intra Frame Encoder with Serialized Execution of 4 × 4 and 16 × 16 Predictions and Early Termination

This paper presents a fast H.264 intra frame encoder that processes a single macroblock of 1920 × 1080 size video in 334 cycles on average which is 20% faster than the previous best design. The speed-up is mainly achieved by early termination of either 4 × 4 intra prediction or 16 × 16 intra prediction. The executions of intra 4 × 4 and 16 × 16 predictions are serialized and the second prediction is terminated early by using the cost of the first prediction as the stop criterion. A simple and efficient algorithm by making use of spatial locality is proposed to select the mode that is processed first. To avoid the bubble cycles caused by this serialized execution of 4 × 4 and 16 × 16 predictions, the modified processing order presented in (Jung et al. 2008) is employed for intra 4 × 4 prediction in order to schedule dependent 4 × 4 blocks apart from each other. To further reduce the execution time of 4 × 4 prediction, neighboring pixels with the same value are grouped, and only one prediction mode in the group is evaluated. Experimental results show that the PSNR drop is 0.0619 dB and the bitrate increase is 0.842% when compared with the JM reference software. The additional hardware cost to support the proposed methods is less than eight thousand gates which are very small when compared with the hardware size of a whole intra frame encoder.     

Design and Analysis of Ring Resonator with Thermal Tuning

A type of waveguide ring resonator, based on Er^3＋/Yb^3＋ co-doped phosphate glass and using thermal-optical effect as tuning manner, is brought up. The ring resonator is composed of two straight waveguides and a ring waveguide with radius of 400 μm. Electrode is evaporated on the top of the waveguide to achieve thermal tuning. Firstly, the filtering scheme of the ring resonator is analyzed, then how parameters of the electrode influence the filtering characteristics is discussed.     

Analysis of Phased-Mission System Reliability and Importance with Imperfect Coverage

Accounting for static phased-mission systems (PMS) and imperfect coverage (IPC),generalized and integrated algorithm (GPMS-CPR) implemented a synthesis of several approaches into a single methodology whose advantages were in the low computational complexity, broad applicability,and easy implementation. The approach is extended into analysis of each phase in the whole mission.Based on Fussell-Vesely importance measure, a simple and efficient importance measure is presented to analyze component‘s importance of phased-mission systems considering imperfect coverage.     

Performance Analysis of OFDM with Frequency Offset and Correction Model

1　IntroductionIntheOrthogonalFrequencyDivisionMulti plexing (OFDM ) ,datasymbolsaretransmittedinparallel,andthewholetransmissionbandwidthisdividedintomanynarrowsubchannels.Moreover,OFDMcanalmosteliminateInterSymbolInterfer ence (ISI)forhighratedatatransmissionovertimedispersivechannelsifasuitableguardintervalischo sen[1 ] .Comparedtothetraditionalsinglecarriertransmission,thestructureofOFDMissimple,bandwidthefficiencyofOFDMishigher,andOFDMisrobusttotimedispersionfadingandim pulsen…     

A Stable Low Power Dissipating 9 T SRAM for Implementation of 4 × 4 Memory Array with High Frequency Analysis

Wireless Personal Communications - Today’s high speed data processing and memory storage operations demand immediate data write and retrieval to meet up to benchmark. To act as a volatile or...     

Direction of arrival estimation of sources with intersecting signature in time–frequency domain using a combination of IF estimation and MUSIC algorithm

Time–frequency (TF) approaches are frequently employed for source localization at low signal to noise ratio. However, TF approaches fail to achieve the desired performance for sparsely sampled signals or signals corrupted by heavy noise in an under-determined scenario when sources are not TF separable. In this study, we propose a new TF method for direction of arrival (DOA) estimation of sources with closely spaced and overlapping TF signature. The proposed method uses a combination of a high-resolution time–frequency distribution and instantaneous frequency estimation method for extraction of sources with intersecting and closely spaced time–frequency signatures. Once sources are extracted, their DOAs are estimated using a well known multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed source localization method achieves better performance as compared to the conventional time–frequency MUSIC algorithm.

     

1×4光纤开关

本文论述了1×4光纤开关的定位装置、驱动机构和器件的加工装调,介绍了该器件的性能指标和主要用途。     

A 3-5 GHz CMOS UWB power amplifier with±8 ps group delay ripple

A differential power amplifier(PA),designed using the linear-phase filter model,for a BPSK modulated ultra-wideband(UWB) system operating in the 3-5 GHz frequency range is presented.The proposed PA was fabricated using 0.18μm SMIC CMOS technology.To achieve sufficient linearity and efficiency,this PA operates in the class-AB region,delivering an output power of 8.5 dBm at an input-1 dB compression point of -0.5 dBm.It consumes 28.8 mW, realizing a flat gain of 9.11±0.39 dB and a very low group delay ripp...     

A 3-5 GHz CMOS UWB power amplifier with ±8 ps group delay ripple

A differential power amplifier (PA), designed using the linear-phase filter model, for a BPSK modulated ultra-wideband (UWB) system operating in the 3-5 GHz frequency range is presented. The proposed PA was fabricated using 0.18 μm SMIC CMOS technology. To achieve sufficient linearity and efficiency, this PA operates in the class-AB region, delivering an output power of 8.5 dBm at an input-1 dB compression point of-0.5 dBm. It consumes 28.8 mW, realizing a flat gain of 9.11 ± 0.39 dB and a very low group delay ripple of±8 ps across the whole band of operation.     

Design and fabrication of sub-μs silicon-on-insulator thermo-optic 4×4 switch matrix

A rearrangeable nonblocking silicon-on-insulator-based thermo-optic 4×4 switch matrix with spot size converters (SSCs) and a new driving circuit are designed and fabricated. The introduction of a spot size converter (SSC) has decreased the insertion loss to less than 10dB and the new driving circuit has improved the response speed to less than 1μs.     

Design and fabrication of sub-μs silicon-on-insulator thermo-optic 4×4 switch matrix

A rearrangeable nonblocking silicon-on-insulator-based thermo-optic 4×4 switch matrix with spot size converters (SSCs) and a new driving circuit are designed and fabricated. The introduction of a spot size converter (SSC) has decreased the insertion loss to less than 10dB and the new driving circuit has improved the response speed to less than 1μs.     

Performance Analysis of RF Spiral Inductor with Gradually Changed Metal Width and Space

To decrease the metal losses of RF spiral inductor,a novel layout structure with gradually reduced metal line width and space from outside to inside is presented.This gradual changed inductor has less eddy-current effect than the conventional inductor of fixed metal width and space.So the series resistance can be reduced and the quality (Q) factor of the inductor relating to metal losses is increased.The obtained experimental results corroborate the validity of the proposed method.For a 6nH inductor on high-resistivity silicon at 2.46GHz,Q factor of 14.25 is 11.3% higher than the conventional inductor with the same layout size.This inductor can be integrated with radio frequency integrated circuits to gain better performance in RF front end of a wireless communication system.     

Wideband Direction of Arrival Estimation with Linear Array： Analysis and Closed-Form Formulae

To estimate the Direction-of-arrival （DOA） of a far-field wideband source using a linear array, the Time-difference-of-arrlval （TDOA） based and Steered- response power （SRP） algorithms are of the most useful. In this paper, for white Gaussian signal and noise, the esti- mation variances of both the methods and the Cramer-Rao lower bound （CRLB） are derived in closed-form for a lin- ear array. Meanwhile, a Gauss-Markov （GM） procedure is introduced to achieve optimal conversion of the estimated delay vectors for the TDOA based estimator. Moreover, a generalized SRP estimator is proposed for the generalized case with nonuniform SNR.     

Implementation of the time delay and integration mode in a scanning 576 × 6 focal-plane array of the long-wave infrared range

The results of the development of a focal-plane array (FPA) of the 576 × 6 format with the time delay and integration (TDI) mode are presented. The comparative analysis of different variants of implementation of the TDI mode in ROIC is conducted. The expedience of the upgrade of existing scanning photodetectors of the 288 × 4 format on the basis of the developed 576 × 6 FPA is justified. The result of this upgrade will be simplification of the optical–mechanical scanning unit and improvement of the quality of thermal image.     

Total Coloring of G×P_n and G×C_n

1 IntroductionGraph treated in this paper are finite, undirected, loopless and without multiple edges. For a graph G, we use V(G) (resp.E(G)) to denote its set of vertices (resp.edges).The n colors are labled by 0,1,(, n-1, respectively.A total coloring of a graph G is a map , f, from the set E(G)∪V(G) to the set of colors C such that no two incident nor adjacent element of E(G)∪V(G) are painted by the same color. If |C | = k, then G is said to be k-colorable.The total chromatic numb…     

Total Coloring of G×Pn and G×Cn

It is proved that if G is a (△+1)-colorable graph, so are the graphs G×Pn and C×Cn, where Pn and Cn are respectively the path and cycle with n vertices, and △ the maximum edge degree of the graph. The exact chromatic numbers of the product graphs Pr1×Pr1×...×Prn× and C3k×C2m1×C2m2×...×C2mn are also presented. Thus the total coloring conjecture is proved to be true for many other graphs.     

Modeling and Analysis of Pulse Skip Modulation

The state space average model and the large signal models of Pulse Skip Modulation （PSM） mode are given in this paper. Farther more, based on these models and simulations of PSM converter circuits, the analysis of the characteristics of PSM converter is described in this paper, of which include efficiency, frequency spectrum analysis, output voltage ripple, response speed and interference rejection capability. Compared with PWM control mode, PSM converter has high efficiency, especially with fight loads, quick response, good interference rejection and good EMC characteristic. Improved PSM slightly, it could be a kind of good independent regulating mode during the whole operating process for a DC-DC converter. Finally, some experimental results are also presented in this paper.