基于MIMO系统的准正交空时分组码的容量分析

应用于MIMO系统的准正交空时分组码可以获得较大的容量,同时能够提供较低的误码率。文中比较了MIMO系统的准正交空时分组码的容量与SIMO系统的容量。结果显示,在低SNR和接收天线数少的情况下,应用于MIMO系统的准正交空时分组码会产生较大的容量增益,但随着SNR和天线数目的增加,容量增益越来越不明显。另外,文中比较了MIMO系统中准正交空时分组码和正交空时分组码的容量,仿真结果表明前者的容量明显高于后者。     

Orthogonal Space-Time Block Codes with Feedback

In this paper we consider how Orthogonal Space-Time Block Codes (OSTBC) can be used in the presence of feedback from the receiver to the transmitter. First, we survey how some of the feedback techniques for AWGN channels with fading can be applied to OSTBC. Then we consider a simple scheme with diagonal weighting. The optimal diagonal weighting matrix, which minimizes the probability of error, is derived. The optimal weights depend on the channel and, hence, a feedback becomes necessary. However, the required feedback can be accomplished using log₂ (n _t) bits, where n _t is the number of transmit antennas. Simulations show that relatively significant gains can be achieved with the diagonal weighting scheme. In a practical system it is quite possible that the bits that are fed back to the transmitter are in error. In that case we show that there will be a loss of diversity. To overcome this loss, we develop weighting schemes that are error tolerant and always perform better than the unweighted OSTBC (even in the presence of feedback errors).     

正交空时分组码性能估计的一种方法

本文给出并证明了采用正交空时分组码传输的衰落信道条件下,接收机输出瞬时信噪比的一般表达形式,分析了瑞利衰落信道条件下接收机输出符号差错性能.给出了正交空时分组码的符号差错概率的最小距离球界,由此可以得到空时分组码关于发送天线数量的"地板效应".     

一种基于准正交空时码的低复杂度MIMO差分检测方法

针对可实现全速率传输的准正交空时码,提出了一种低复杂度的准正交MIMO差分检测方法.该方法在发射端对数据比特进行联合星座映射,构造准正交空时码进行差分编码;接收端采用最大似然准则对两组星座符号对(symbol pair)并行差分检测.本文提出的星座集合及联合星座映射方法简化了接收端检测算法,降低了检测计算复杂度.     

无线通信中的协作分集技术

协作分集使得在多用户环境下，具有单天线的多个终端可以共享彼此的天线，以形成一个虚拟的多天线结构，实现空域分集。介绍了协作分集技术的基本概念、分类、研究现状以及系统结构，提出了由空时频移键控设计的空时编码协作分集方式，并分析了其性能。     

MIMO系统中空时分组编码的信道容量

在多输入多输出（MIMO）系统中，建立空时分组编码模型，在分析瑞利衰落下正交空时分组码接收信噪比的基础上，得到了正交空时分组编码信遗容量的表达式，并采用数值计算的方法对其进行分析论述，得出在接收天线数一定的情况下，增加发送天线数所能得到的信道容量的上界。同时，分析证明，在发送天线数一定时，正交空时分组编码信道容量随接收天线数的增加而增加。在接收天线数一定时，信遗容量也随着发送天线数的增加而增加，但当发送天线数增加到一定数量时容量的增加就变得不十分明显。     

一种正交空时分组码盲识别方法

由于正交空时分组码(OSTBC)编码矩阵具有正交特性,可得正交空时分组码的虚拟信道矩阵的相关矩阵为对角矩阵。根据此原理,文中提出相关矩阵的非主对角元素能量与主对角元素能量之比的特征参数和基于此特征参数的正交空时分组码识别方法;同时利用最小描述长度(MDL)准则估计出信号子空间维数,即每组发射信号所含符号数。仿真结果表明,在不同发射天线数和接收天线数下,所提出的识别方法都具有较好的识别性能;符号数的估计性能与正确识别概率具有相同的变化规律。     

Trained Space-Time Block Decoding for Flat Fading Channels with Frequency Offsets

Space-time block coding (STBC) is a recent appealing solution to the problem of exploiting transmit diversity in multi-antenna systems for communications over flat fading channels. In a standard STBC scheme the receiver requires Channel State Information (CSI), which can be acquired via training at the expense of a reduced information rate. Alternatively, the requirement of CSI can be avoided altogether by using differential encoding. The existing trained or differential schemes for STBC assume that the channel is time-invariant during the transmission of at least two data blocks. However, wireless channels may often be time varying owing to frequency offsets induced by either Doppler shifts or carrier frequency mismatches. In this paper we present a simple trained STBC scheme for fading channels with frequency offsets. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

A New Performance Enhancement Algorithm for Space-time Block Coding in OFDM Systems

1　Introduction　WirelesscommunicationusingMIMOsystems ,some timescalleda“volumetovolume”wirelesslink ,hasre centlyemergedasonofthemostsignificanttechnicalbreakthroughsinmoderncommunications[1] .Inaddi tion ,space timecoding[2～ 4 ] isa good proposalthatcombinessignalprocessingatthereceiverwithchannelcodingtechniquesappropriatetomultipletransmitan tennasandcansignificantlyimproveperformanceofMI MOsystems .Atthesametime ,OFDMiseffectiveinpresenceoffrequencyselectivefadinginthewirelessap …     

基于独立分量分析的实正交空时分组码盲识别

提出一种基于独立分量分析的正交空时分组码(OSTBC)盲识别方法。首先给出了接收信号模型,利用独立分量分析得到含有编码矩阵的虚拟信道矩阵,然后利用编码矩阵特性,证明得到正交空时分组码的虚拟信道矩阵的相关矩阵为对角矩阵;最后提出用于正交空时分组码识别的2个特征参数:稀疏度和方差。仿真结果表明,所提出方法能够较好地识别正交空时分组码。     

闭环扩展正交空时分组码的设计研究

基于复正交设计的空时编码在发射天线数大于2时不能同时达到满速率全分集,针对这个问题,利用正交空时分组码系统的等效信道矩阵的正交性及系统信道信息的反馈,提出了两种针对闭环扩展正交空时分组码的改进设计方案.系统在接收端以最大等效信道增益为目标进行设计,分别结合天线选择技术和功率自适应分配技术进行信道信息的反馈,并对其性能进行理论分析与比较,仿真结果显示,两种改进方案均能减小系统的误码率,提高系统的信噪比增益,和结合天线选择技术的方案相比,与功率自适应分配相结合的设计方案性能更为优越.     

结合STBC的一种分层空时编码结构模型

本文讨论了结合空时分组码(STBC Space Time Block Coding)的一种分层空时编码(Layered Space Time)结构模型。VBLAST(Vertical Bell Laboratories Layered Space Time)作为LST的一种结构，其性能受到最先译码信息符号准确度的影响，本文通过在VBLAST的首层采用STBC结构，从而增加了第一层信息符号的分集度。在接收端，采用组干扰抑制同时结合STBC和VBLAST译码，降低了接收机的复杂度提高了系统的性能。仿真结果表明结合STBC的VBLAST结构模型性能明显好于传统的VBLAST。     

一种基于混合星座编码的全速率全分集准正交空时分组码

准正交空时分组码对发射天线数大于2的复信号能够实现全速率的发射,它在低信噪比的情况下有比较好的性能,但是由于准正交空时分组码不是全发射分集的,因而在高信噪比时性能并不优越。为了改善准正交空时分组码在高信噪比时的性能,本文采用对准正交空时分组码进行混合星座编码的形式来提高准正交空时分组码的分集度。仿真及计算结果显示,采用混合星座编码能在少量频带利用率损失的情况下大幅提高准正交空时分组码的性能。     

级联信道编码的多幅值差分空时分组码方案及性能

通过引入多电平振幅调制和变换矩阵方法,提出了一种基于多幅值调制的差分正交空时分组码方案。该方案可克服通常基于PSK调制的单幅值差分空时码(DSTC,differential space-time coding)在高频带利用率下由于星座符号间的最小距离减小所带来的性能下降,而且可用于编码矩阵是非方阵情况,避免了已有方案仅适合于方阵码矩阵。与已有单幅值DSTC相比,所提方案有着高的频谱效率和编码增益,且可实现线性译码复杂度和高的码率。此外,还给出了所提方案级联信道编码时的性能。仿真结果表明所提方案与已有单幅值DSTC方案相比,有着较低的误比特率,而且信道编码后的所提多幅值DSTC也好于相应的单幅值DSTC。     

A novel wideband space‐time channel simulator based on the geometrical one‐ring model with applications in MIMO‐OFDM systems

In this paper, we extend the geometrical one‐ring multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) channel model with respect to frequency selectivity. Our approach enables the design of efficient and accurate simulation models for wideband space‐time MIMO channels under isotropic scattering conditions. Two methods will be provided to compute the parameters of the simulation model. Especially, the temporal, frequency and spatial correlation properties of the proposed wideband space‐time MIMO channel simulator are studied analytically. It is shown that any given specified or measured discrete power delay profile (PDP) can be incorporated into the simulation model. The high accuracy of the simulation model is demonstrated by comparing its statistical properties with those of the underlying reference model with specified correlation properties in the time, frequency and spatial domain. As an application example of the new MIMO frequency‐selective fading channel model, we study the influence of various channel model parameters on the system performance of a space‐time coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system. For example, we investigate the influence of the antenna element spacings of the base station (BS) antenna as well as the mobile station (MS) antenna. It turns out that an increasing of the antenna element spacing at the BS side results in a higher diversity gain than an increasing of the antenna element spacing at the MS side. Furthermore, the diversity gain brought in by space‐time block coding schemes is investigated by simulation. Our results show that transmitter diversity can significantly reduce the symbol error rate (SER) of multiple antenna systems. Finally, the influence of the Doppler effect and the impact of imperfect channel state information (CSI) on the system performance is also investigated. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

信道差错对多发射天线选择性能的影响

对于多发单收天线(MISO)通信系统,考虑发射端信道状态信息的差错(ECSI).研究正交空时分组码的MISO系统的多天线选择,提出了一种CSI差错的选择性信道序统计特性求解方法.在独立的平坦瑞利衰落信道和多进制相移键控(MPSK)调制下,推导了一种较准确的系统比特误码率(BER)切诺夫上界解析式.最后系统BER性能上界的数值结果和仿真结果研究表明:多发射天线选择技术能极大地提高系统的传输质量,能有效地抵抗ECSI的影响.     

一种可变分集增益的空时/时频调制编码新方案

将酉空时分组编码技术应用于时频调制系统中,该文提出了一种可变发射分集增益的空时/时频调制编码新方案。将已调的时频信号分解为互正交的两子信号,同时运用不同的排列组合方案即可得到不同的分集增益。计算机仿真结果表明,新方案抗平坦衰落的性能优于Alamouti空时分组编码方案及空时/频移键控编码方案,且当新方案获得二重分集增益时,其相应编码速率优于获得四重分集增益时的编码速率,但抗衰落性能劣于获得四重分集增益时的性能,所得结论与理论分析完全一致。     

基于Turbo-TCM与时空分组码的级联系统的次优译码算法

针对瑞利信道中存在的严重的多径衰落,本文实现了Turbo-TCM方案与时空分组码的级联系统,以期利用空间分集改善系统的误码率性能。针对级联系统的译码,本文给出了一种具有低译码时延的次优译码算法,该算法的特点是各模块独立译码,先算比特对数似然比再进行二进制Turbo码译码。最后通过计算机仿真给出了使用该次优译码算法的Turbo－TCM方案与时空分组码的级联系统的译码性能。仿真结果说明,当发射天线数目一定时,随着接收天线数目的增加,译码性能的增益随之增加而帧长对译码性能的影响则随之减小。     

一种多符号网格码与差分空时分组码级连方法

我们提出了一种多符号网格码(MTCM)与差分空时分组码级连的传输方法,研究了在传输信道是慢时变平坦瑞利衰变的条件下,并采用理想交织时系统的性能。导出了这个级连系统的成对错误概率上限表达式,分析表明,系统的性能主要受到不同信号序列间的最小汉明矩离和信号星座间的平方欧几里德矩离的影响。仿真结果表明,在相同的频谱有效性和信号星座条件下,这种级连的系统比非级连差分空时编码系统有更好的性能。     

Cross-layer design based on RC-LDPC codes in MIMO channels with estimation errors

In this paper, we propose a cross-layer design framework combining adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) with hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) based on rate-compatible low-density parity-check codes (RC-LDPC) in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) fading channels with estimation errors. First, we propose a new puncturing pattern for RC-LDPC codes and demonstrate that the new puncturing pattern performs similar to the random puncturing but is easier to apply. Then, we apply RC-LDPC codes with the new puncturing pattern to the cross-layer design combing AMC with ARQ over MIMO fading channels and derive the expressions for the throughput of the system. The effect of channel estimation errors on the system throughput is also investigated. Numerical results show that the joint design of AMC and ARQ based on RC-LDPC codes can achieve considerable spectral efficiency gain.