微波炉炉腔内电磁场仿真

利用高频电磁场软件对微波炉建模,设置腔体内的介质材料的电特性参数,仿真得到的反射系数和相位图与矢量网络分析仪实测值比较,误差小于8%,吻合较好,证明本方法是有实用价值.还对该方法进行了误差分析和讨论.进而研究波导管与腔体相对位置对微波炉匹配性能的影响.这些对微波炉开发工程师在微波炉冷匹配时提供理论指导,缩短了微波炉新平台开发时间,提高了竞争力.     

微波炉炉腔阻抗的计算机辅助测量

本文介绍了一种用计算机辅助测量微波炉炉腔阻抗的方法，该方法利用两个“标准件”（匹配负载和短路器）和一根同轴电缆，可测出炉腔的复阻抗。文中还对该方法进行了误差分析及讨论。测量结果与松下公司的实测数据进行了对比，符合较好，证实本方法是有实价值的。     

考虑频率波动的微波加热数值模拟模型

家用微波炉内磁控管的频率会有波动,且难以测定。为考查微波频率波动对样品温度分布的影响, 获得更加精确的仿真结果,研究假设家用微波炉的频率以2. 45 GHz 为中心波动,并对不同波动范围的频率(2.44~2.46 GHz,2.43~2.47 GHz,2.41~2.49 GHz)与单个频率(2.45 GHz)的基于有限元模型的仿真结果与实验结果进行了比较分析。实验对象是放置于微波炉内加热60 s 的土豆泥。对于不同的频率范围分布,每隔0. 005 GHz 计算一次电磁功率密度,并根据余弦分布对它们进行加权平均,最后将电磁功率作为热源加热土豆泥。模拟结果分别与用热成像仪和光纤热电偶测定的土豆泥表面温度分布和各部位瞬时温度的实验值进行比较。结果显示频率波动范围在2.44~2.46 GHz 预测的温度场与实验值有较好的一致性;而在2.41~2.49 GHz 范围内,温度分布的均匀性最好。该模型也可为指导微波食品的开发提供理论依据。     

A45L微波炉煮食性能提升研究

微波炉的煮食性能是微波炉整体品质的关键。A45L微波炉玻璃盘的中心温度较低,导致煮食性能较差,影响微波炉的整体品质。本文使用电磁仿真软件HFSS对A45L转盘微波炉实体建模,仿真研究腔体尺寸和波导口变化对微波炉电磁性能的影响。研究得出,当采用新型波导口时,玻璃盘的中心温度可以明显升高7．5％,微波炉的煮食特性可以明显提升22％以上。     

基于数值仿真的多馈微波加热温度控制系统

针对常用多模腔加热的不均匀性,对多馈口微波加热进行了研究,提出了一种基于数值仿真分析来设计微波加热系统的方法。通过建立1/2 全尺寸有限元模型进行仿真计算,分析了馈口数量对微波加热的影响,在此基础上采用Bang-Bang 控制策略设计了加热系统。其中,圆柱形谐振腔模型的高度为800 mm,半径为395 mm。腔体周围环形布置10个微波源,通过德拜模型仿真温度变化和测量值进行对比,验证了仿真模型的正确性。不同馈口数的COMSOL仿真结果表明,馈口数为4时,温度变异系数(COV)为0.0897,相比于一个馈口的情况,温度的均匀性提高了10.5%。通过实验测试了微波加热系统性能,实验结果表明,媒质温度能得到合理控制。     

激光抽运铯原子钟的计算机模型

介绍了光抽运铯原子钟计算机模型系统的基本结构体系,该计算机模型系统包括铯原子炉、抽运和检测激光、Ramsey微波作用腔、C场、荧光检测系统等程序模块。利用这个计算机模型系统,对光抽运小型铯原子钟在一些极端条件下的情形进行了研究,如抽运激光功率偏低,有效原子的速度分布特别窄,微波功率远大于最佳微波功率等条件下,得到了一些有意义的结果。     

Microwave radiometry for continuous non-contact temperature measurements during microwave heating.

Temperature measurement during microwave heating in industrial and commercial processes can improve quality, throughput, and energy conservation. Conventional ways of measuring temperature inside a microwave oven cavity are costly, inconvenient, or unsuitable for high-volume industrial applications. In this paper, we describe the theory of microwave radiometry as applied to the measurement of temperature during microwave heating. By extending the theory of radiative transfer to the case of thermal microwave radiation inside a cavity, we show that the same characteristics which make a microwave cavity suitable for heating materials also assist in obtaining meaningful temperature data with microwave radiometry. We present experimental data from the heating of liquid and solid materials which confirm the essential features of the theory, and show agreement between this method and more conventional methods of +/-4 degrees C.     

Microwave modeling and validation in food thawing applications

Developing temperature fields in frozen cheese sauce undergoing microwave heating were simulated and measured. Two scenarios were investigated: a centric and offset placement on the rotating turntable. Numerical modeling was performed using a dedicated electromagnetic Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) module that was two-way coupled to the PHYSICA multiphysics package. Two meshes were used: the food material and container were meshed for the heat transfer and the microwave oven cavity and waveguide were meshed for the microwave field. Power densities obtained on the structured FDTD mesh were mapped onto the unstructured finite volume method mesh for each time-step/turntable position. On heating for each specified time-step the temperature field was mapped back onto the FDTD mesh and the electromagnetic properties were updated accordingly. Changes in thermal/electric properties associated with the phase transition were fully accounted for as well as heat losses from product to cavity. Detailed comparisons were carried out for the centric and offset placements, comparing experimental temperature profiles during microwave thawing with those obtained by numerical simulation.     

TLM simulation of microwave sintering of ceramics using SiC stimulus.

Microwave heating technology is becoming a successful technique used for sintering ceramic materials. However, various aspects of sintering experiments, such as the use of process stimulus and the preparation of sample arrangements, depend mainly on human expertise. The Transmission Line Matrix (TLM) method is first used to solve the combined electromagnetic and thermal equations modeling microwave heating of dielectric materials. It is then used to simulate microwave sintering of a low-loss ceramic material in a multimode microwave cavity. To enhance the microwave sintering process, Silicon Carbid (SiC) was first used as a susceptor and in a picket fence arrangement. As multiple samples may be processed in a microwave oven, the TLM was used to model such a process, and the introduction of SiC as a stimulus was also examined. Results show the importance of the stimulus thickness and configuration on the uniformity and density of the electromagnetic field distribution and, therefore, on the power dissipation within the ceramic load.     

大功率微波管均衡器的面向对象分析

大功率微波管均衡器的谐振腔的微波特性解析十分复杂，难以建立精确的数学模型，因而对其衰减特性进行仿真十分困难。本文在简要介绍大功率微波管均衡器的结构及用来描述谐振腔特性的测量数据库的基础上，分析了组成均衡器各子结构的内耦合及互耦合，并运用面向对象分析方法建立了均衡器仿真模型。     

矩形耦合腔行波管的研究

为了得到高功率、高频率、大带宽的微波源,运用微波仿真软件CST对矩形耦合腔行波管这一新型的大功率器件进行了粒子模拟,得到了23．7kw的峰值输出功率,并且分析了行波管的工作电压与慢波系统的腔体数量对行波管工作特性的影响。结果表明,矩形耦合腔行波管具有较高的功率承载能力。     

半导体技术在大功率微波加热应用研究

研究大功率半导体微波技术应用与微波炉加热,通过半导体微波炉控制系统、半导体微波馈入系统研究,实现半导体微波技术在大功率微波炉上应用。试验测试表明：半导体微波加热功率输出能够达到600W,半导体微波炉负载及频率牵引特性满足要求,加热均匀性在70％以上。加热效率在40％左右,还需进一步提升。     

基于双频双磁控管微波炉加热均匀性研究

如今人们普遍采用微波炉来快速加热食物,方便且快捷。但是磁控管产生的高频微波直接通过波导管传送至炉腔内,炉腔内微波的不均匀分布导致食物各部分加热速率出现差异,致使食物加热不均匀,加热效果不理想。针对现有技术中存在的不足,本文介绍一种采用两个频率不同的低电压磁控管对微波炉中的食品进行加热来提高微波炉的加热均匀性方法。利用仿真软件对双磁控管在炉腔内的能量分布特性进行了研究,再用MATLAB给出仿真分析结果。结果显示采用本文改进方法后,微波炉的加热均匀性明显提升。     

Dehydrating of flax fiber with microwave heating for biocomposite production.

The feasibility of microwave dehydrating flax fiber was evaluated using a commercial domestic microwave oven at four power settings representing 200, 300, 400 and 500 Watt (W) power level. Due to the possibility of local heating and consequent fiber degradation, the changes in color of the flax fiber at different levels of temperature were also investigated. The dehydration processes at various power levels were simulated by Page model. Based on visual inspection, color analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the fiber, it was revealed that discoloration of the fiber occurred at about 170 degrees C. At 200 and 300 W power level, after 10 minutes of dehydrating, the moisture content of the fiber reached from initial 7.9% close to 2.0 and 1.0%, respectively. For 400 W power level, the moisture content of the fiber dropped to 0. 10% in about 9.5 minutes. Major discoloration of the fiber was noticed when dehydration was proceed beyond 4.5 minutes for 500 W treatment. The Page model very well fitted the experimental data. The coefficients of determination calculated from the model and the experimental data increased with increase in applied microwave power     

The influence of microwave pulse width on the thermal burnout effect of an LNA constructed by a GaAs PHEMT

In this paper, the influence of microwave pulse width on the thermal burnout effect of a low noise amplifier (LNA) constructed by a GaAs pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistor (PHEMT) is theoretically analyzed and further verified with simulation and experimental results. By analyzing the electrical procedure and the thermal procedure, a theoretical model of the thermal burnout effect of the studied LNA is established according to the properties of microwave pulses and the structure of the LNA and GaAs PHEMT. Based on the theoretical model, the analytical relationship between the microwave pulse width and the thermal burnout power threshold is further obtained. According to the limitations caused by the approximations in the process of modeling, the available microwave pulse width range for the proposed analytical relationship is more than a nanosecond level and less than a microsecond level. The coefficients of the proposed analytical relationship can be determined by fitting at least two sets of simulation or experimental results, which can greatly reduce the simulation or experimental costs. Finally, the analytical relationship is verified by simulation and experimental results. The results show that the proposed analytical relationship is suitable to estimate the thermal burnout power threshold for a given microwave pulse width within the limit of microwave pulse width range.     

基于全桥逆变电路的野外用微波炉

根据在野外使用微波炉的需求,采用直流供电、全桥逆变、高频升压的方式设计了一种新型野外用微波炉。采用UCC3895作为移相控制芯片驱动全桥逆变电路,同时具有过流、过压保护电路,可有效确保磁控管的稳定运行。该野外微波炉避免了家用微波炉采用直流电源供电时要另加逆变控制器的麻烦,实现了野外微波炉的高效率、小型化和便捷化。     

基于瞬态微波光电导测试仪的谐振腔传感器设计

利用微波谐振腔微扰原理建立了应用于测量半导 体和发光材料的谐振腔的传感器模型。采用HFSS 仿真软件对谐振腔参数和结构进行仿真。仿真结果表明,采用矩形孔时,微波谐振腔中具有 符合实验要求 的电场形式以及电场强度;实验结果也表明,样品在采用矩形耦合孔的谐振腔获得了较强的 信号。将不同 的样品放置于谐振腔中,并用纳秒激光脉冲照射,获得了较理想的动力学曲线,证明该谐振 腔的实用性, 为下一步测量样品的介电常数和电导率等物理参数等实验奠定了基础。     

基于压力传感器的脉冲微波量热计

设计了一种基于固定体积液体吸收微波能量后温度升高、压力增大原理的脉冲微波量热计.采用纯水作为吸收介质, 压阻传感器作为传感装置, 具有对液体热学性能参数要求低、量程大和灵敏度高的优点.实验结果表明:该型量热计的能量分辨率为0.5 J, 量程大于180 J, 证明了该方法用于大功率脉冲微波能量测量的可行性.同时, 在对吸收腔体表面的场分布进行优化设计后, 也可用于高功率微波能量测量, 为用于高功率微波能量测量的量热计设计提供了一种新的技术思路.     

Microwave Acoustic Simulation of Airborne RADAR Ground Echoes

A method is described for generating simulated microwave frequency RADAR terrain echoes. This method makes it possible for the first time to realistically duplicate in the laboratory the principal characteristics of echoes due to RADAR motion and terrain roughness. These characteristics include variation of echo delay, Doppler shift, random fine structure, and their time variation. The simulation is based on modeling of the RADAR beam propagation and diffuse reflection processes by use of microwave acoustic energy in a solid medium. Scaling relations between RADAR and acoustic model parameters are derived. An experimental program was carried out whose purpose was to develop a practical solution to the problem of varying the distance between a microwave acoustic transducer and a reflecting surface, and to determine the overall feasibility of the simulation method. Results indicating its practicability are presented and directions for further work are suggested.