Ku波段模拟预失真线性化器

提出了一种基于模拟预失真方法的线性化器设计。利用预失真技术设计行波管配用线性化器的数学模型,得出了预失真电路的功率转移特性曲线和相位特性曲线。预失真电路采用上下支路对消结构,通过二极管产生失真信号,并利用2个可调衰减器和可调移相器来调节其幅度和相位,以此补偿功率放大器的AM-AM,AM-PM失真特性,改善输出信号的线性度。此外通过改变二极管的偏压,线性化器能够提供不同种幅度和相位特性的组合方式,用于不同特性的功放。基于该模拟预失真方法设计了行波管线性化器,在给定的动态范围内幅度扩张5 dB,相位扩张40°。     

A new diode-based curve-fitting predistortion lineariser for GaN power amplifier

In this article, a new strategy is presented for selecting the breakpoints on a typical characteristic of a lineariser for a saturating nonlinear amplifier. As a proof of concept, using this strategy, a new Schottky-diode based curve-fitting predistortion lineariser for a 1.65?GHz centre frequency, 50?MHz bandwidth, 30?W GaN power amplifier is developed. The proposed lineariser is tested using the two-tone test and the Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying (QPSK) modulated signal. The results show that a 3?dB improvement in the overall gain of the linearised amplifier is achieved. Moreover, for output power levels up to 36?dBm, the linearised power amplifier provides better rejection of the third-order intermodulation. Because of the hard nonlinearity of the GaN power amplifier at the high end, this improvement in intermodulation rejection vanishes for output power levels around 41?dBm.     

基于循环平稳特性的欠采样宽带数字预失真研究

为了解决行波管(TWT)宽带数字预失真(DPD)中反馈回路ADC采样率过高的问题,该文利用信号的循环平稳特性证实可通过欠采样下的输出信号估计功放的非线性模型参数,然后由功放非线性模型参数和输入信号可恢复出与高采样率下效果相似的功放输出信号,最后通过传统的间接学习结构对功放进行数字预失真以实现行波管的线性化。为了验证该方法,利用20 MHz LTE信号驱动一只55 W的X波段行波管放大器(TWTA)。数字预失真反馈回路的ADC采样率从61.44 Msps降低至6.144 Msps和3.072 Msps,但线性化效果变化不大,表明欠采样方法是有效的。

     

Traveling-wave tube amplifier performance evaluation and design optimization for applications in digital communications with multilevel modulations

In this paper, we demonstrate the use of a power margin as a figure-of-merit for evaluating the performance and optimizing the design of traveling-wave tube amplifiers (TWTAs) used in digital communication applications with multilevel modulations. The power margin is a system-level measure that balances both device efficiency and nonlinear distortion and provides a more direct prediction of the system-level performance of power amplifiers than device-level measures such as device efficiency or error-vector-magnitude. We calculate the power margin for M quadrature amplitude modulation for an existing TWTA to demonstrate the setting of an optimal amplifier operating drive level according to the criterion of the maximum power margin. The power margin can also be used to compare the performance of different traveling-wave tube (TWT) configurations. We compare the calculated power-margin performance for helix TWT circuits optimized with different optimization goal functions using the helix TWT design code CHRISTINE. The goal functions used in the optimization of the TWT circuits include AM/PM optimization, complex gain optimization, efficiency optimization, and a new digital goal function optimization. The digital goal function is shown to provide an enhanced power margin compared to the other three goal functions and demonstrates the potential of TWT device design optimization from a system perspective.     

用于毫米波段行波管的可调预失真器

提出了满足行波管功率放大器(TWTA)要求的毫米波段的可调预失真线性化器,该预失真器基于90°定向耦合器、GaAs肖特基二极管、微带线和负载电阻,产生预失真信号。通过调节GaAs肖特基二极管的偏置电压、微带线电长度及负载电阻可以得到不同的增益扩展和相位扩张效应,在频率为29 GHz~31 GHz和额定输入功率范围内,增益扩展范围为5 dB~11.5 dB,相位扩张范围为35°~65°。仿真及实测结果表明:该预失真电路可调性强,满足通信工程TWTA的补偿需求。     

Linearised distributed amplifier with low linearisation loss

A four-element linearised distributed amplifier operating between 0.8 and 2.2 GHz is presented. The parallel diode linearisation technique is applied to a distributed amplifier resulting in a 14 dB gain linearised amplifier. The addition of the lineariser, gave a reduction in gain of less than 1 dB with a 7-12 dB reduction in spectral regrowth for the first sidelobe.     

一种用于K波段空间行波管模拟预失真电路的设计方法

空间行波管(TWT)预失真电路小型化、轻量化要求使得电路调试难度变大,迫切需要一种预失真电路精确仿真及设计方法来指导产品设计。该文在分析肖特基二极管等效电路模型基础上选择二极管MA4E2039作为非线性发生器件,并建立了MA4E2039的二极管仿真模型。之后通过分析反射式预失真电路结构,获得了影响电路性能的关键参数,并在元器件和版图联合仿真阶段对这些关键参数进行精确仿真。最后对依据仿真结果进行加工的预失真电路进行测试,发现仿真结果和电路实测结果偏差小于15%,将预失真电路与K波段行波管放大器级联实现在输入回退4 dB时3阶交调达到23.77 dBc,实现了行波管的线性化。可见该方法能够用于指导空间行波管预失真电路设计,帮助提高产品开发周期,对于预失真电路的小型化设计也有重要指导意义。     

K频段自适应前馈行波管放大器设计

空间通信系统高保真转发对大功率行波管放大器的线性化度提出了更高的要求。针对高频段和大功率应用,基于预失真和前馈线性化技术,设计了一种K频段50 W自适应前馈线性化行波管放大器,介绍了其基本原理和参数,研究了前馈双检波电路结构及并行变步长的组合自适应控制算法。在K频段400 MHz带宽内,实现了输入功率20 dB大动态调整情况下失真信号自适应对消抑制,在相对于单载波饱和输出功率回退3 dB点,三阶交调小于-35 dBc,验证了前馈线性化技术在线性度改善方面的巨大优势。     

星载TWT放大器EPC的谐波分析

星载TWT放大器EPC由于其独特的电路结构使其谐波具有复杂的频谱分布并对其工作的可靠性有很大的影响。该文应用调制理论分析了EPC调制谐波的成因,给出了其频谱分布的计算结果并与实际测量数据进行了对比,其结论对降低EPC谐波造成的EMI,进而为提高TWTA的可靠性提供了依据。     

Performance study of 16-ary deqam modem for future satellite communication systems

This paper investigates the effects of additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN), adjacent-channel interference (ACI) and co-channel interference (CCI) combined with flat fading on the performance of bandlimited 16-ary differentially encoded quadrature amplitude modulation (16-ary DEQAM) signalling transmitted through a non-linear high-power amplifier (HPA). It is assumed that the HPA exhibits both AM-AM and AM–PM conversion distortions. This situation may be applied to the up-link or down-link of a regenerative satellite system where the HPA is the earth-station travelling-wave tube (TWT) or the on-board TWTA, respectively. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) degradations at a specific bit error rate (BER) are evaluated by means of a series of computer simulation tests for various values of channel roll-off factor α (channel bandwidth) and different degrees of output backoff (OBO) of the HPA in the presence of various combinations of the channel impairments. It is shown that by employing a baseband or RF predistortion technique for the HPA and selecting the best arrangement of channel roll-off factor, OBO value of the HPA and channel spacing, a good performance can be achieved regarding the most efficient use of bandwidth together with a minimum SNR degradation due to the presence of channel impairments. Thus, the use of 16-ary DEQAM for satellite communications is feasible in the near future.     

Consideration of 8-Phase CPSK-TDMA Signal Transmission Through Band-Limited Satellite Channels

The performance of 90- and 108-Mbit/s 8-phase CPSKTDMA channels through a 36-MHz-bandwidth transponder has been evaluated. At the optimum operating point, the error rate of the 90Mbit/s channel is improved by about one order of magnitude relative to that of the 108-Mbit/s channel, and the corresponding carrier power saving is about 3.5 dB. Measurements through a linearized TWT indicate that such a TWTA may be driven harder than a conventional TWTA with a substantial saving in the transponder RF power output. The potential of 8-phase CPSK-TDMA signal transmission through band-limited satellite channels using linearized TWTA's onboard the satellite and modems of the latest technology appears attractive.     

The microwave power module: a versatile RF building block forhigh-power transmitters

The microwave power module (MPM) is described. This miniature radio frequency (RF) power amplifier combines a low-noise high-gain monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) solid-state amplifier (SSA) driver with a high-efficiency reduced-gain vacuum power booster helix traveling-wave tube (TWT) and integrated power conditioner (IPC). Progress on the development of 100-200-W power booster TWTs and MPMs covering the 2-40-GHz frequency range is discussed, giving examples of demonstrated RF performance. MPM advantages are contrasted to conventional TWTA and SSPA approaches, along with a discussion of various MPM-based transmitters for architectures. Numerous applications of MPM transmitters for radar, electronic countermeasure, communications, and space have been identified with widespread implementation expected to take place in the near future     

深空通信中功率放大器线性化技术研究

深空通信为了得到高的放大效率,需要使功放运行点在饱和状态,由此产生的功率放大器的非线性,使信号产生了失真,预失真是抵抗信号失真的重要方法。文中根据陆地端发射放大器和空间功率放大器的不同,采用了不同的预失真方式,即分别采用信号预失真和数据预失真,对二者性能进行比较分析。最后得出结论,在不同场景下应该使用的相应的预失真技术。     

一种新型线性化器的研究

介绍了固态功率放大器的线性化技术,并提出了一种新型反向并联肖特基二极管预失真器结构。对预失真器原理与基本结构进行了分析,通过改变预失真器中二极管的外加偏置电压和电阻值来调节失真信号的幅度和相位,达到线性化的目的。同时,利用ADS软件对加预失真器的固态功率放大器进行电路优化仿真,根据电路优化参数,对线性化固态功率放大器进行研制。测试结果表明,固态功率放大器三阶交调改善了15.8 dB,五阶交调也改善了10 dB,线性化改善效果明显,突破了工程化应用的技术瓶颈。     

通信行波管转移特性测试方法

行波管一般作为微波放大器的末级,其性能好坏直接影响到通信整机系统的性能。在测试过程中,由于受到矢量网络分析仪的信号源输出功率和行波管增益限制,多采用固态放大器作为前级放大器推动行波管达到所需功率要求,因此不能直接精确得到行波管自身的特性。采用本测试方法可以去除固态放大器的影响,提高测试行波管的转移特性曲线的准确度。     

小型SAR系统设计

在分析线性调频连续波Dechirp成像处理的基础上,设计用于小型无人机平台的小型合成孔径雷达系统。针对调频连续波体制,通过俯仰向宽波束照射及重心自稳定方法省去伺服系统,减小系统的体积和重量;在接收时通过自混频方法进行去调频处理,降低对后端采样系统的要求,简化后续的成像处理;通过数字化信号产生及预失真校正方法提高系统信号性能,保证高分辨成像的要求。试验证明该方案有效、可行,易于工程实现。     

宽带数字预失真硬件平台设计与实现

针对第3代移动网络基站射频功率放大器的线性化需求的不断提高和立足于未来第4代移动通信系统基站,设计并实现了一款以FPGA为核心的宽带数字预失真硬件平台。首先,对整体硬件框架进行了阐述并着重分析了LTM9003的带通采样定理和AD9788的数字单边带调制;其次,根据2-D(ADC)和ADC多次采样技术,提出了超宽带矢量信号测试的系统结构和原理实现;最后,对整机进行了ADC和DAC链路的测试,测试结果表明其性能基本达到了数字预失真的需求。     

Classification of linear and non-linear modulations using the Baum–Welch algorithm and MCMC methods

Satellite transmissions classically use constant amplitude linear modulation schemes, such as M-state phase shift keying (M-PSK), because of their high robustness to amplifier non-linearities. However, other modulation formats are interesting in a satellite transmission context. For instance, non-linear modulations such as Gaussian minimum shift keying (GMSK) present a higher spectral efficiency and appear in new standards for telemetry/telecommand satellite links. Another example is offset-QPSK (OQPSK) modulation that allows one to decrease the out-of-band interference due to band limiting and the non-linearity of the amplifier. To get a compromise between the robustness to amplifier non-linearities provided by MPSK modulation and the spectral efficiency given by QAM modulation, the recent broadcasting satellite standard (DVB-S2) proposes new modulation schemes called APSK. Obviously, all satellite systems that use various modulation schemes will have to co-exist. In this context, modulation recognition using the received communication signal is essential. In that context, this paper studies two Bayesian classifiers to recognize linear and non-linear modulations. These classifiers estimate the posterior probabilities of the received signal, given each possible modulation, and plug them into the optimal Bayes decision rule. Two algorithms are used for that purpose. The first one generates samples distributed according to the posterior distributions of the possible modulations using Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods. The second algorithm estimates the posterior distribution of the possible modulations using the Baum–Welch (BW) algorithm. The performance of the resulting classifiers is assessed through several simulation results.     

Exploiting low complex digital predistortion to improve wideband nonlinear satellite downlinks

With the increasing demand for higher data rate, increasing throughput requires wider bandwidth. Due to the nonlinear effect of power amplifier, severe nonlinear distortion effects will appear onboard satellite. Digital predistortion (DPD) scheme is usually employed to compensate for the distortions and memory effects introduced by traveling wave tube amplifier (TWTA) and output multiplexing filter (OMUX). In conventional predistorter, the signal loss of band‐limited feedback signal output through OMUX is usually ignored. Actually, it will affect the linear effect of TWTA. In order to solve the problem as to improve wideband nonlinear satellite downlink, this paper introduces a novel spectral extrapolation method based on deep neural network to recover the band‐limited feedback signal. On this basis, an advanced orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm is adopted in the nonlinear TWTA model construction to further reduce the DPD complexity. The proposed setup effectively compensates the distortions and is well suited for systems that generate data bits on satellites.     

基于调制域分析的功放线性化测量验证

针对目前功率放大器(Power Amplifier,PA)线性化测量验证方案需要较多的软硬件资源且测试效率低的问题,提出了一种适用于卫星通信领域的PA线性化测量与验证方法.该方法基于信号的调制域分析,首先信源端生成循环I/Q数据,然后经调制域分析仪进行信号采集后,由所提算法进行非线性特性提取,最后进行数字预失真(Dig...