基于AT89S52的家庭智能浇花器的设计

设计了家庭智能浇花器,实现花卉的自动浇水.利用单片机实现自动浇花,根据不同的花种,设置了不同的控制方式,即定时定量浇花方式与根据湿度浇花.定时定量浇花是实现每天在规定的时间自动打开电磁阀浇花,根据不同的花卉所需水量不同,用一个按钮来设置浇花时间的长短,即电磁阀打开的时间,其余时间电磁阀闭合,水流不经过;根据湿度控制浇花...     

Control of polishing of diamond films using microactuation and an atmospheric pressure plasma

In this work, the diamond deposited by hot filament chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is polished using an atmospheric pressure plasma. In order to position the film relative to the plasma, a microactuator system is designed using a stack of domed piezoelectric actuators. A dynamic model based on the physical system is developed and the model parameters are measured experimentally. A system based on laser triangulation is used to measure the position of the diamond film relative to the plasma. Control techniques are used to reduce the oscillations during actuation and to eliminate the steady state positioning error. With the application of feedback control, the overshoot is reduced to 2% and the settling time is reduced to 0.3 s. A preliminary set of experiments is performed to relate process parameters to the final surface roughness of the diamond film. The parameters studied include the film's time of exposure to the plasma, the height of the film relative to the plasma, and the distance from the film to the center of the plasma. It is found that the optimum exposure time is 15 min and the reduction of surface roughness is greatest when the distance between the film and the plasma is at a minimum. The best results are obtained when the top of the film is even in elevation with the tip of the top electrode. The diamond film is translated laterally along the plasma. When feedback control is not used, there is no change in the surface roughness. With feedback control implemented, the surface roughness of the diamond film is reduced by 33%.     

基于椭圆斑点序列图像估测清晰成像的方法

采用透镜成像的单目视觉测量模型进行位移测量时,需要知道清晰成像斑点的中心坐标。当物体发生位移时,为了获取清晰成像斑点,需要调整透镜位置,使其服从透镜成像规律。但是由于透镜制造缺陷,其焦点不是理想的一个点,而是一段小区域,当成像接近清晰时,通过微动调整透镜位置,成像清晰程度基本不变,这就是成像的不敏感区域,又称死区,因此要想获得清晰的透镜成像位置变得十分困难。为了解决这一问题,本文提出了一种基于斑点序列图像估测清晰成像位置的方法,即分别获取透镜不同位置下的斑点图像,通过图像处理得到斑点图像短径和中心坐标,根据理论推导的解析模型,对椭圆短径分成两段拟合,求取交点位置,该交点位置即为估测的清晰图像位置。最后通过实验,将透镜调整至估测的清晰图像位置并获取图像,采用边缘梯度检测和像素均值检测,验证了该位置就是清晰的透镜成像位置。     

Nonlinear optics, anharmonic oscillators, and pyroelectricity

An anharmonic vibronic oscillator model is set up and used to derive general expressions for nonlinear susceptibilities. The system is handled both classically and quantum-mechanically, and the results are shown to agree. It is shown that, when one of the interacting fields has a frequency close to that of an optical phonon, the nonlinear susceptibility is dominated by the same term in the anharmonic potential that is dominant in Raman scattering. This result agrees with the experiments and analysis of Faust and Henry. These arguments are extended to cover electrooptic coefficients, for which the model is consistent with the work of Kaminow and Johnston. On the basis of the anharmonic vibronic oscillator model, estimates are made of the magnitude of infrared electroreflectance effects and their counterpart, optical rectification. The conversion gain of such a rectifier is calculated. The model is also used to determine Raman or parametric gain, depending on whether the idler frequency is or is not close to the optical phonon frequency. Finally the model is used to compute the pyroelectric coefficient, which, it is shown, ought to be proportional to the specific heat, in agreement with recent measurements by Heiland and Ibach on zinc oxide.     

基于Linux操作系统下串口调试助手的设计

为了方便在Linux操作系统下进行串口调试以及能在嵌入式系统开发板上直观地观察到串行数据传输,在Redhad 9.0下的Qt Designer编程环境下设计了串口调试助手。首先在Qt下以一种图形化的编程方式完成串口调试助手界面的设计,再将其生成源代码,然后在源代码中添加串口驱动,完成串口调试助手的设计。经实践证明,该串口调试助手在Redhad 9.0操作系统上运行良好。利用交叉编译程序将其移植到S3C2410的Linux 2.4上后也能够正常运行极大地方便了调试工作。     

一种新颖的BUCK型DC-DC芯片的抗振铃电路

典型的集成Buck型DC-DC变换器,其电感只有一端接入芯片,无法在芯片内部采用Boost型DC-DC在电感两端直接并联电阻的方法进行振铃的快速衰减.文中设计了一种新颖的适用于Buck型DC-DC的抗振铃电路,在芯片内部采用一个线性时变电阻网络将电感的一端与芯片的电源(或地)之间进行连接.进行振铃衰减时,起初电阻较小,振铃衰减很快,但直流电流较大;随着振铃的减弱,逐渐增大电阻以减小直流电流,当振铃结束且直流电流很小时完全断开电阻.这样既达到抗振铃的目的,又不会引起持续的直流放电.采用此电路的一款DC-DC已在韩国Hynix公司的0.5 μ m CMOS工艺线投片,测试结果证明抗振铃效果良好.     

改进的基于分形盒维数的共信道多信号存在性检测算法

针对时频重叠的共信道多信号存在性检测问题,提出了一种改进的基于分形盒维数的算法。算法用瞬时幅度的盒维数作为检测统计量,通过理论推导得出噪声瞬时幅度的盒维数为一定值1.415,共信道多信号瞬时幅度的盒维数近似等于1,并以此得出了检测的理论门限。如果接收信号瞬时幅度的盒维数小于设定的检测门限则说明有信号,否则没有信号。共信道多信号为MASK、MPSK、MQAM和MFSK任意类型混合时,仿真结果表明在加性高斯噪声背景下算法准确有效,信噪比大于-2dB时检测概率达到100%且虚警概率极低。另外,算法对信号调制类型、调制参数、信号源个数具有很好的鲁棒性,计算简单复杂度低、可实时处理。相比于已有研究,本算法门限值的设定更加精确,检测性能有大幅提升。      

一种条件概率与遗传算法相结合的分类方法

数据挖掘就是从大量数据中发现以前未知的有用信息、模式、趋势的过程。分类是数据挖掘的一种主要方法。文章指出分类的实质是找出各属性对分类的贡献大小，然后采用分而治之的思想，先用条件概率的方法计算单个属性对分类的贡献，再利用遗传算法计算各属性对分类的重要程度，提出了条件概率与遗传算法相结合的分类方法，利用UCI数据集进行验证，并与相同条件下的其它分类方法进行了比较，实验表明该方法是一种简单有效的分类方法。     

基于超材料的太赫兹幅度调制器设计

提出了一款基于超材料的太赫兹幅度调制器,其结构由开口"弓"形超材料结构、高电子迁移率晶体管、斜十字馈线和碳化硅衬底四部分构成."弓"形超材料结构开口处的连通和断开两种状态将对通过该结构的太赫兹波产生不同的响应.在开口处添加高电子迁移率晶体管可模拟开口连通和断开的效果.当对晶体管上的栅极不施加偏压时,超材料结构开口相当于导通,对太赫兹波透射系数高;当对晶体管上的栅极施加偏压时,超材料结构开口相当于断开,对太赫兹波透射系数低.仿真结果表明,在0.22 THz处,对晶体管栅极不施加偏压时,调制器的透射系数为0.579;对晶体管栅极施加偏压时,调制器的透射系数为0.040.通过公式计算得到其调制深度为93％,而且对x和y极化入射波具有不敏感的特性.同时,通过分析0.22 THz处的电场分布和表面电流分布研究了该太赫兹调制器的工作原理.所设计的太赫兹调制器具有调制深度高、结构简单和易于加工等特点,在太赫兹通信领域具有广阔的应用前景.     

图像边缘权重优化的最小生成树分割提取

针对无监督图像分割方法对噪声敏感而导致图像建模困难、分割结果准确率低等问题,该文提出一种图像边缘权重优化的最小生成树分割提取方法。首先,利用L0梯度最小值平滑处理噪声再结合Otsu优化Canny边缘检测,得到更加准确的边缘信息;其次,重新设计权重函数,采用更加合理的色差空间构建加权图,通过改进分割准则优化物体合并与区分过程;最后,选择不同类型图片进行抗噪性、分割效果实验。实验结果表明：相对于其他算法,该文算法的抗噪性能优秀,分割精度平均提升5.15%,过分割率平均下降32.07%,欠分割率平均下降2.69%。将其运用在实际航空遥感图像的河道湖泊提取中,所得结果相比其他主流算法结构更加完整,无关信息更少,抗噪性能更好。     

Dynamic characteristics of optical intersecting-waveguidemodulators/switches with curved electrodes

The dynamic behavior of optical modulators/switches in the form of intersecting waveguides with curved electrodes is formulated. It is shown that the electrode curvature is very effective in achieving reflected pulses in good resemblance to the incident ones. Further, the speed of operation is found to be high and is shown to depend upon the commonly known capacitance of the device and the time required for refractive index variations to settle down; and also upon the relative pulsewidths of the optical and modulating signals and the extent of their synchronization. The intersection angle is found to influence the propagation delays of the spatial components, which are equalized by properly chosen structural parameters, to achieve unbroadened and undistorted output pulses. The flexibility in the bandwidth of even a fabricated device, through adjustment of the driving conditions, is demonstrated and the capability of such devices to handle a very wide range of optical pulsewidths is clarified     

An introduction to spectral domain method-of-moments formulations

The capacitance per unit length of a microstrip transmission line is obtained using a spectral-domain method-of-moments (MoM) formulation. The paper emphasizes this problem as a teaching tool to introduce students of electromagnetics to this technique. Firstly, the derivation of the spectral-domain Green's function is outlined. Using this, the relevant integral equation is derived to which the Galerkin MoM approach is then applied. The MoM problem is solved in the spectral domain by also transforming the expansion and weighting functions. The inverse Fourier transform is then applied to find the spatial-domain charge distribution, and, hence, capacitance. The issues that arise here - both of selecting how much of the spectrum to include, and how to choose the number of integration points - are discussed, and the results of typical numerical experiments are presented. The time required to compute the elements of the immittance matrix is shown to be 0(N/sup 3/); the use of translational symmetry (and thus Toeplitz matrix structure) to reduce this is outlined. Classroom experience with this material is discussed. Finally, a hybrid spectral/spatial-domain formulation, introducing asymptotics, is outlined to accelerate the evaluation of the immittance matrix.     

Artifact-resistant power-efficient design of finger-ringplethysmographic sensors

A miniaturized, telemetric, photoplethysmograph (PPG) sensor for long-term, continuous monitoring is presented in this paper. The sensor, called a "ring sensor," is attached to a finger base for monitoring beat-to-beat pulsation, and the data is sent to a host computer via a radio-frequency transmitter. Two major design issues are addressed: one is to minimize motion artifact and the other is to minimize the consumption of battery power. An efficient double ring design is developed to lower the influence of external force, acceleration, and ambient light, and to hold the sensor gently and securely on the skin, so that the circulation at the finger may not be obstructed. Total power consumption is analyzed in relation to characteristics of individual components, sampling rate, and CPU clock speed. Optimal operating conditions are obtained for minimizing the power budget. A prototype ring sensor is designed and built based on the power budget analysis and the artifact-resistive attachment method. It is verified through experiments that the ring sensor is resistant to interfering forces and acceleration acting on the ring body. Benchmarking tests with FDA-approved PPG and electrocardiogram reveal that the ring sensor is comparable to those devices in detecting beat-to-beat pulsation despite disturbances.     

车载机动车尾气测量系统高温尾气采样气路设计

为了准确测得机动车高温尾气中的COx、NOx、THC等气体成分,基于旋风分离器原理,详细讨论了高温尾气的预处理方案;以微粒物过滤室、旋风分离器、阻液器和膜式干燥器为主要器件,设计了改进型旋风分离器和车载式高温尾气预处理采样气路;利用微粒物过滤室两次去杂、金属螺旋管降温、旋风分离器去水去杂、阻液器去水、膜式干燥器去水,在不改变尾气气体成分和含量的情况下,提高了样气净度;实验结果表明,预处理后的样气,相对湿度小于2.5%,温度低于40℃,所含颗粒物直径小于5 ?m,且含量极少,满足车载式机动车尾气气体成分分析模块的要求。     

位相板紧贴全息图的加密记录

本文提出紧贴加密的新方法,将加密位相板紧贴全息干版,使全息记录的物光和参考光同时获得位相调制,不但提高了全息图的防伪能力,而且由于位相板紧贴全息图,解密时对位相板只需进行二维甚至一维的调节,即可获得原物光的共轭再现,避免了对位相板繁琐的多维复原调节,增强了实用性。     

一种道路用小型压电发电及储存装置的研究

为了收集并利用汽车通过公路时所产生的振动能量,设计了一种利用压电材料的正压电效应采集环境振动能量,把振动能转换成电能的道路用振动发电装置。为使压电材料和道路振动能巧妙结合从而吸收最大的外部能量,获得高的发电效率,进行了以下研究:分析了压电材料变形量对发电能力的影响,并设计了能找到压电材料产生最大电能的最小变形量的模型。通过实验分析压电片的联接方式对电能输出的影响,得到了以并联为主,串联为辅的混联电路模型。设计并制作了道路用压电发电装置模型,通过模拟实验测得其发电功率为0.061 2 W,电容储电功率为0.026 4 W,发电效率为14.42%,电容储电效率6.21%。     

基于旋转散斑结构光投影的三维人脸采集

设计由两个红外相机和一个紧凑散斑结构光投射器构成的三维人脸采集系统,可根据采集精度和运算效率的折衷配置采集散斑图像。散斑模板固定在垂直于投射器光轴的齿轮上,使用齿轮机构驱动散斑模板作旋转运动,使用波长为735nm的LED照亮散斑,在测量空间中形成时间和空间上互不相关的散斑编码结构光图案,采用时空相关立体匹配算法实现人脸三维重建。通过理论分析和实验验证散斑模板的旋转角度对测量精度的影响,进而确定最佳的旋转角度。采用德国ATOS高精度工业3D扫描仪获取人脸面具三维数据并将其作为真值,同时测试真实人脸的三维采集效果。实验结果表明,当投射散斑数量为5时,三维重建的平均误差为0.063mm,误差标准差为0.111mm。     

Design of differential power analysis resistant crypto chip based on time randomization

Differential Power Analysis (DPA) is an effective attack method to break the crypto chips and it has been considered to be a threat to security of information system. With analyzing the principle of resist-ing DPA, an available countermeasure based on randomization is proposed in this paper. Time delay is in-serted in the operation process and random number is precharged to the circuit during the delay time, the normal schedule is disturbed and the power is randomized. Following this methodology, a general DPA re-sistance random precharge architecture is proposed and DES algorithm following this architecture is imple-mented. This countermeasure is testified to be efficient to resist DPA.     

基于RFID技术的智能小区巡更系统开发与实现

本文针对智能小区安防系统的实际,提出一种基于RFID和GPRS技术的巡更系统。系统由巡更节点、巡更终端机及监控管理上位机构成。巡更节点采用非接触式智能卡,实现电子标签功能;巡更终端机具有节点信息读取、信息处理、无线通信功能;设计采用AT89S52作为控制器,扩展相应的外围电路,并通过GPRS无线接口与监控管理上位机进行通信。监控管理上位机具有无线接口,接收终端机发来的信息,实现远程信息监控。系统采用了最新的物联网技术,经实际运行巡更系统工作稳定,满足了智能小区安防的需要。