毫米波车地通信的小型化波导螺旋阵列天线设计

高速磁浮列车毫米波车地通信系统要求其车载天线具有小型化、宽频带、圆极化和辐射扇形波束等特点。为更好地满足这些要求,设计一种中心馈电的小型化波导螺旋阵列天线。该天线馈电系统采用同轴波导中心馈电、4路矩形波导并馈的形式,通过改变馈电波导尺寸、耦合探针长度以及末端采用波导同轴转换器等形式,实现了所有单元的等幅馈电;天线单元由低剖面螺旋天线构成,采用顺序旋转技术改善天线的圆极化性能。利用全波电磁仿真软件设计了一款中心频率为38 GHz的28单元波导螺旋阵列天线,并进行了实验测试。测试结果表明：在37~39 GHz频带范围内,天线驻波比小于1.41,增益大于21.7 dB,轴比小于3.6 dB,俯仰面波瓣宽度为4.5°~4.7°,方位面波瓣宽度为29°~29.7°,满足毫米波车地通信系统车载天线的设计需求。     

双层宽波束天线设计

针对宽波束天线在车载雷达中的应用,突破角雷达方位面3 dB波束宽度的限制,实现微带阵列天线在水平面的宽波束覆盖,设计了一款1×10串馈微带双层结构天线。线阵单元采用道尔夫-切比雪夫（Dolf-Chebyshev）综合法电流分布来达到降低天线俯仰面副瓣的效果,在串馈阵列上方加载寄生贴片和介质基板拓展天线方位面的3 dB波束宽度。分析了双层天线展宽波束的原理,加工并实测了双层宽波束天线,其方位面的3 dB波束宽度为134.6°,增益达到10.6 dB,副瓣电平为-19.8 dB,可以满足车载角雷达天线需求。     

5G毫米波有源阵列封装天线技术研究

提出了一种5G毫米波有源阵列封装天线.该阵列由8×16个微带天线单元组成,通过耦合式差分馈电,天线实现了宽带匹配和方向图高度对称特性.通过对天线与芯片进行合理布局,减小了芯片射频端口到天线子阵的馈电线损,提高了有源阵列天线的整体效率.测试结果表明,该阵列天线在工作频段为24.25～27.5 GHz的等效全向辐射功率(E...     

Active Frequency-Tune Beam-Scanning Leaky-Wave Antenna Arrays

X-band active beam-scanning leaky-wave antenna arrays, including 1 × 1,1 × 2 and 1 × 4 prototypes, have been demonstrated. These antennas integrated one or several microstrip leaky-wave antenna elements with a single varactor-tuned HEMT VCO as an active source. Measured results on experimental antennas indicate that the beam scanning angle of the 1 × 1 antenna close to 40° can be achieved and the scanning range of 1 × 2 and 1 × 4 antenna arrays are both close to 32°. Furthermore, reflected wave due to the open end of each leaky-wave antenna element has been suppressed by the symmetric configuration of this antenna array and the antenna efficiency increases. When comparing with the measured radiation pattern of the single element antenna, we found that the 1 × 2 and 1 × 4 antenna arrays can effectively suppress the reflected power by more than 5.5 dB and 10.5 dB, respectively, at 10.2GHz. The power gain are more than 2 dB and 3.16 dB higher than the single element antenna with a measured EIRP of 18.67 dBm.     

一种基于5G应用的圆极化微带相控阵天线

本文提出一款应用于5G频段,可实现方位面±40°波束扫描的圆极化微带相控阵天线。该相控阵天线单元是由矩形贴片、上下介质板、缝隙耦合馈电结构、金属反射板构成。利用切比雪夫综合法的一分八不等分功分器实现相控阵天线的馈电形式。测试结果表明,阵列天线的驻波比带宽为3.25 GHz～3.69 GHz,端口隔离度大于25 dB,扫描过程中增益最大为21 dB,增益衰落小于3 dB,最大扫描角处轴比为2.89 dB。该天线具有低剖面、高隔离度、高增益以及良好的波束扫描性能等优点。     

Design of an Efficient X-Band Waveguide-Fed Microstrip Patch Array

The design and fabrication of a 10.5 GHz microstrip patch array fed by a waveguide is presented. The gain of this antenna is 29 dB and its efficiency is 65%. Commonly, the efficiency of conventional microstrip arrays at X-band is not more than 50%. This antenna demonstrates the ability to accomplish a very high efficiency at X-band in a simple structure. This is achieved by using a slotted waveguide to feed the planar array. To allow symmetrical feed of this antenna, the waveguide is a center-fed slotted waveguide, the two ends of which are shorted. The design procedure is expatiated, which contains the study and design of the waveguide-fed subarray structure and of the coax-to- waveguide transition structure. For designing this entire antenna, a three-dimensional electromagnetic field simulation software CST Microwave Studio is applied. Good agreement is achieved between measurement and simulation results.     

共口径波束可控双缝隙耦合微带天线阵设计

针对波束倾角可控天线的小型化和低成本,设计了宽频带双缝隙耦合矩形微带天线单元,组成1×8元线阵,采用2套基于Wilkinson不等功分器的馈电网络实现切比雪夫的幅度分布。具有不同相位差的2套馈电网络,通过不同的缝隙耦合对同一微带单元口径面馈电,分别形成了2种倾角的波束。仿真结果表明,共口径双缝隙耦合微带天线阵实现了90°和75°两种波束倾角的可控切换,是一种体积小、造价低的方向图可重构天线。     

基于SIW的多波束CTS阵列天线设计

文中设计了一款基于基片集成波导(SIW)的毫米波高增益多波束连续横向枝节(CTS)阵列天线,它通过切换馈电端口实现多波束功能。该天线整体结构简单,采用印刷电路板工艺实现。天线主要包含馈电喇叭、平面波转换结构以及辐射结构三个部分,由三层基板构成。馈源为基于SIW的馈电喇叭,并在口径处添加匹配结构以提高其辐射性能;平面波转换结构由SIW抛物面和渐变耦合槽组成,可将馈电喇叭辐射出的柱面波转换为幅度服从泰勒分布的平面波进而为CTS阵列馈电,因此天线具有低副瓣的特性;辐射结构为1×8的CTS阵列,通过优化缝隙宽度以保证每个单元辐射出相等的能量。天线工作在30 GHz,通过切换馈电端口可在±20°范围内实现波束切换,天线测试结果与仿真结果吻合,验证了设计的合理性。     

一款具有稳定扫描波束分辨率的宽视角相控阵天线北大核心CSCD

基于自适应稀疏阵的结构,提出了一种具有宽视角与稳定扫描波束分辨率性能的相控阵天线。阵列单元是可以在相同谐振频率下实现TM;和TM;两种模式共同工作的单激励圆环贴片天线,其具有140°的半功率波束宽度,这种宽波束辐射效果能够较好地拓展相控阵天线的扫描范围。基于此单元构建了一个35元线阵,对其波束扫描分析发现在限定增益波动小于2 dB的条件下阵列扫描范围可以达到-70°~+70°,但主瓣波束宽度随着扫描角度的增加而增大。为解决这个问题,引入了自适应稀疏阵的概念,并采用基于互耦补偿矩阵的迭代快速傅里叶变换(Iterative Fast Fourier Transform,IFFT)技术进行自适应稀疏阵的优化设计。结果表明,所提出的基于自适应稀疏阵结构的35单元相控阵天线在-60°~+60°扫描范围内增益波动始终小于1.5 dB,波束宽度波动小于1°,且峰值旁瓣电平基本保持在-20 dB以下。相较于均匀周期阵列,所提出的自适应稀疏相控阵天线能够在实现低旁瓣宽视角扫描的同时,有效提高天线在宽角度范围内扫描波束分辨率的稳定性。     

一种新型极化捷变有源微带天线阵

本文提出了一种新颖的极化捷变放大器型有源微带天线阵,只要在馈电端电控单一有源电路就能实现整个微带天线面阵极化的捷变和信号的放大.利用角馈方形微带贴片设计了一副具有高隔离度和低交叉极化的新颖16元双极化面阵,并分析了天线阵的共极化和交叉极化方向图.介绍了有源电路的设计.该电路利用一专用电控移相器,通过改变场效应管(FET)栅极的直流控制电压,电控两极化端口间的0°或90°相差,实现天线阵由线极化到圆极化的捷变.低噪声放大器(LNA)不仅使有源天线增益提高12-14dB,而且改善了天线的驻波比带宽和隔离度.文中给出了无源双极化阵和有源阵的实验结果,证实了理论的有效性.     

Novel low-cost beam-steering techniques using microstrip patchantenna arrays fed by dielectric image lines

This paper presents novel low-cost beam-steering techniques using microstrip patch antenna arrays fed by dielectric image lines (DILs). Two approaches are designed and used. The first, DILs without reflector plate, are used for feeding microstrip patch antenna arrays. Antenna array radiation beams are scanned when the operating frequency sweeps. The second, a dielectric image line with a movable reflector plate (DILWRP), is developed. The beam direction of the antenna array is controlled and steered by changing the perturbation distance between DIL and movable reflector plate at a given operating frequency. Both types of patch antenna array structures are simple, low cost, easily fabricated, stable, and reliable. Eight-element patch antenna arrays fed by DIL and DILWRP have been designed, fabricated, and tested. Experiments show good performance and results. Measurement results of scanning angles agree well with theoretical predictions     

Ku频段宽带相控阵天线技术研究

阵列天线易于实现高增益、波束扫描及波束赋形等功能,成为现代无线通信、导航、雷达等信息系统收发信号的主要手段。为满足高速率、广覆盖、多功能等发展需求,现代无线信息系统要求阵列天线具有宽工作带宽、宽角波束扫描能力及平面化、低剖面等特性。为此,文中以Ku频段、低剖面、宽频带相控阵天线为研究方向,基于微带天线宽带化技术、L型探针耦合馈电技术及加载等效腔体结构,开展微带天线的宽带化和相控阵天线的宽角扫描技术研究。文中提出了一种基于L型探针耦合馈电结构的具有宽带、宽角扫描能力的8×8阵列天线。实测结果表明,在VSWR<3时,在13.0～18.0 GHz阻抗带宽内(相对带宽为32.3%),该阵列天线在E面和H面均可实现±60°的扫描覆盖范围。实测结果和仿真结果具有较好的一致性。     

A new design of horizontally polarizedand dual-polarized uniplanar conical beam antennas for HIPERLAN

It is shown that a conical beam 5.2-GHz antenna suitable for HIPERLAN application, but working in horizontal polarization, can be realized as a group of microstrip patch radiators in a ring formation. Layouts with three and four patches are described, and radiation patterns are found to agree well with predictions from a simple array model. The three-patch form is smaller and gives a closer approximation to an azimuth-independent pattern. Patterns are very similar to those achieved in vertical polarization with previously reported disk antenna realizations, giving peak radiation at about 50/spl deg/ elevation. Two methods of impedance matching are found to give satisfactory results. A dual-polarized conical-beam microstrip antenna, with a strictly uniplanar conductor pattern, is also presented and realized as an array of three square patches whose corners meet a central feed point. For the second polarization, the antenna functions as a series fed array. Fairly good conical beam patterns have been obtained, though only moderate polarization purity appears to be obtainable from three-element arrays.     

Magneto optical technique for beam steering by ferrite based patcharrays

An improved technique is presented to scan a beam of a phased antenna array on a ferrite substrate through use of time delays instead of phase shifts provided by nonlinear transmission lines coupled to elements of the array. A coplanar transmission line loaded with a varactor diode when subjected to varied optical illumination offers bias dependent time delays to the elements of the arrays over a wide range of tunable operating frequencies at lower UHF without scan blindness effect. This method results in a broadband ferrite based phased antenna array with reduced weight, loss and complexity of the integrated system. This technique has proved to have a special application potential in case of beam steering by ferrite based microstrip antenna arrays at lower UHF (800 MHz-2 GHz)     

双圆极化共形相控阵天线研究

设计了一种基于十字缝隙耦合双圆极化微带共形相控阵天线。首先设计了微带天线单元,分析了天线各结构参数对天线性能的影响。通过电桥向偏馈于十字缝隙上的馈线馈电,实现等幅、相差90°馈电,电桥的两个端口分别获得旋向相反的圆极化信号。然后对天线单元进行了测量,结果表明天线轴比小于3dB 的带宽为16%,驻波小于1.5 的带宽 为17%,波束宽度大于87°。最后对5×5 共形相控阵天线进行了仿真与测量,结果显示天线可以扫描60°,适合用作载体共形的卫星通信天线。     

Beam scanning using microstrip line on biased ferrite

The beam scanning properties of a 2-element patch array fed by a microstrip feed situated on a ferrite substrate are presented. Biasing the ferrite changes the phase length of the microstrip line, scanning the beam by up to 40°. The resulting scan loss is ~2 dB, mainly due to the ferrite becoming lossy as it approaches absorption resonance     

Design and implementation of electromagnetic band‐gap embedded antenna for vehicle‐to‐everything communications in vehicular systems

We proposed a novel electromagnetic band‐gap (EBG) cell‐embedded antenna structure for reducing the interference that radiates at the antenna edge in wireless access in vehicular environment (WAVE) communication systems for vehicle‐to‐everything communications. To suppress the radiation of surface waves from the ground plane and vehicle, EBG cells were inserted between micropatch arrays. A simulation was also performed to determine the optimum EBG cell structure located above the ground plane in a conformal linear microstrip patch array antenna. The characteristics such as return loss, peak gain, and radiation patterns obtained using the fabricated EBG cell‐embedded antenna were superior to those obtained without the EBG cells. A return loss of 35.14 dB, peak gain of 10.15 dBi at 80°, and improvement of 2.037 dB max at the field of view in the radiation beam patterns were obtained using the proposed WAVE antenna.     

Appling Weighted Thinned Linear Array and Pattern Reconfigurable Elements to Extend Pattern Scanning Range of Millimeter Wave Microstrip Phased Array

A weighted thinned linear array with pattern reconfigurable antenna elements is proposed to overcome the disadvantages of traditional millimeter wave phased arrays, such as, narrow scanning range, high grating lobes. The developed array can scan its main beam from φ = -76° to 76° in H-plane and has 3 dB beam coverage from φ = -88° to 88° with low grating lobes by shifting two operating states of the elements and adjusting the feed phases.     

一种可用于相控阵的双点馈多层圆极化微带天线

设计出了一种双背馈空气夹层微带圆极化天线单元,该天线单元具有13％的阻抗带宽,最大辐射方向上轴比2．5dB。用该天线单元以顺序旋转的方式组成四元阵,再用八个该天线单元和两组一分八功分器组成八单元阵列,研究了该阵列天线圆极化波束分别指向天线阵法向和偏转30°时的辐射特性和极化特性。该天线单元组阵圆极化轴比特性好,易于实现波束扫描,适合用于有源相控阵系统。     

Ka波段圆极化平板阵列天线设计

本文设计了一种规模为 8×8 的 Ka 波段圆极化平板阵列天线。2×2 子阵为一个圆极化基本单元,子阵馈电方波导腔体中插入极化膜片形成圆极化特性,使用全并馈 E 面波导功分网络对 16 个子阵实现等幅同相馈电。设计的阵列天线实现了良好的圆极化特性与高增益特性。