Variant design for mechanical artifacts: A state-of-the-art survey

Variant design refers, to the technique of adapting existing design specifications to satisfy new design goals and constraints. Specific support of variant design techniques in current computer aided design systems would help to realize a rapid response manufacturing environment. A survey of approaches supporting variant design is presented. Capabilities used in current commercial computer aided design systems are discussed along with approaches used in recent research efforts. Information standards applicable to variant design are also identified. Barriers to variant design in current systems are identified and ideas are presented for augmentation of current systems to support variant design.     

新媒体设计基础教育探讨

新媒体设计是相对于传统媒体设计而言的,它具有综合性,实时性,交互性等多种特点。同时,新媒体设计的介质也由纸张为主转变为屏幕为主。在这样的背景下,我们的设计教育应当适应这些改变,不能只采取传统设计教育加软件讲授的方式来应对新的需求。面对这样的问题,本文以新媒体设计基础教育为主要的探讨对象,针对新媒体设计的特点,寻求适应新媒体设计基础教育的新的内容,包括动态构成设计,屏幕设计基础,人机交互设计等。     

浅谈设计接受对儿童服装设计的影响

设计接受和设计创作是设计的开始和结束,它们互相联系,又互相促进,是整个设计中的重要环节。本文主要从产品创意设计和色彩创意设计方面阐述了设计接受对儿童服装设计方面的影响,以及设计接受对童装设计的重要作用,目的在于引起童装设计师对设计接受的足够重视。     

Automatic Virtual Entity Simulation of Conceptual Design Results—Part Ⅰ:Symbolic Scheme Generation and Identification

The development of new products of high quality,low unit cost,and short lead time to market are the key elements required for any enterprise to obtain a competitive advantage.For shorting the lead time to market and improving the creativity and performances of the product,a rule-based conceptual design approach and a methodology to simulate the conceptual design results generated in conceptual design process in automatical virtual entity form are presented in this paper.This part of paper presents a rule-based conceptual design method for generating creative conceptual design schemes of mechanisms based on Yan's kinematic chain regeneration creative design method.The design rules are adopted to describe the design requirements of the functional characteristics,the connection relationships and topological characteristics among mechanisms.Through the graphs-based reasoning process,the conceptual design space is expanded extremely,and the potential creative conceptual design results are then dug out.By refining the design rules,the solution exploration problem is avioded,and the tendentious conceptual design schemes are generated.Since mechanical,electrical and hydraulic subsystems can be transformed into general mechansims,the conceptual design method presented in this paper can also be applied in the conceptual design problem of complex mechatronic systems.And then the method to identify conceptual design schemes is given.     

SoC系统级设计方法与技术

介绍了以Y图为中心的系统级设计方法研究主题,从软硬件协同设计技术、设计重用技术以及与底层相结合设计技术3方面探讨了系统级关键设计技术的研究进展.从设计方法和技术路线上,将当前的研究工作归纳为基于SpecC自顶向下细化求精的设计方法、基于组件多处理器核SoC自底向上搭积木的设计方法和基于平台上下结合分而治之的设计方法3类.在此基础上,对各类方法的基本思想、描述语言、设计模型和关键技术等进行了分析与对比,并给出了该领域存在的研究问题及其今后的研究方向和重点.     

基于Petri网的MEMS柔性设计建模方法

微机电系统设计具有微尺度效应和多物理场耦合的特点,而现有的面向产品宏观结构的CAD系统难以满足微米尺度设计需求,为此提出一种基于Petri网的MEMS柔性设计建模方法.在分析MEMS设计特点、框架和流程的基础上,对已有设计系统进行抽象化和精细化,获得高内聚低耦合的设计模块,并将Petri网与设计系统各模块相互关联,建立了基于Petri网的MEMS柔性设计建模框架;然后通过添加前置库所和带权有向弧调节库所最大/最小标识数,控制设计流的总数;再添加控制库所形成控制回路,使并发变迁有序执行,消解并行设计冲突;最后用Petri网的状态空间求解结果控制各模块运行,满足复杂设计流的多元关系.以ACIS为几何造型内核开发了自主原型系统,以电容式三维硅微梳齿驱动器设计为例进行应用验证,结果表明,文中方法将现有MEMS设计从自顶向下和自底向上及其混合拓展到基于Petri网的柔性设计建模,使产品设计不局限于固定的设计流程,对于提高MEMS设计效率和质量具有重要意义.     

A feature-based fixture design methodology for the manufacturing of aircraft structural parts

In fixture design for the manufacturing of aircraft structural parts, there are various challenges and serious problems in industry, such as difficulty in design knowledge capture and reuse, and the arbitrary or non-standard nature of design, which influence the efficiency and quality of fixture design. This paper proposes a feature-based fixture design methodology in which previous fixture design cases and design rules are described in association with features and thus the design knowledge is integrated with geometric information of aircraft structural parts, which are the main concern of this project. In this methodology, machining features of the structural parts and their associated attributes are identified by feature recognition technique from the 3 dimensional (3D) part models defined based on model-based definition (MBD) technique. The feature-based part information models are then established and are used to retrieve previous fixture design cases and design rules stored in the knowledge base. Fixture designers will choose the appropriate retrieved design cases as the starting point for new fixture design or use previous designs to assess his/her current design. In this way the process of new fixture design can be improved. In the current stage of the research, a prototype feature-based fixture design system based on CATIA for the manufacturing of aircraft structural parts has been developed and used by a large airplane manufacturer.     

Object-oriented design support system for machine tools

This paper deals with an object-oriented intelligent design support system which is intended to assist in the basic design of machine tools, in particular machining centres. The machine tools design process is analysed through interviews with experienced designers, and an object-oriented model is established to represent the design process. Software modules named design objects are proposed, which are basic components for the implementation of an intelligent design support system for machine tools. A prototype of the design support system for machining centres is developed based on the design objects, and some case studies are carried out to verify the effectiveness of the methods proposed.     

某型飞机液压能源系统原理验证试验系统设计

针对飞机液压能源系统设计的可靠性和合理性及获得更优质的液压能源系统设计方案的要求,需设计飞机液压能源系统原理验证系统,通过半物理仿真对设计原理进行了验证。描述了试验系统的设计思想和总体结构,叙述了液压试验台架的设计思想,阐述了各个子系统结构与原理,重点分析了飞机流量压力负载模拟模块的设计思想和控制策略,同时对飞机高温环境进行了模拟,给出了试验系统的软件硬件设计思想和方案以及调试结果。工程调试结果表明,该系统设计达到了设计要求,对飞机液压能源系统设计具有重大意义。     

A sequential decision process for the system-level design of structural frames

The building design community is currently experiencing a shift towards generating more resilient and sustainable designs that are also safe and economic. Integrating these broad, often conflicting, factors into design causes the design process to become more complex, the decisions more difficult, and a need for higher fidelity (and more expensive) modeling efforts to gain insight to resolve these tradeoffs. Set-based design is a promising alternative to traditional point-based design for such complex design problems because many design concepts are generated, refined and carefully eliminated throughout the process thereby maintaining significant freedom in the early stages of design. There is an emerging concept of closely coupling set-based design with model-based simulation to systematically contract the design space through a sequence of modeling efforts in which bounding models are constructed to guarantee the antecedent model only eliminates design alternatives that are dominated when analyzed using a subsequent higher fidelity model. In this paper, the concept of the sequential decision process is explored for the system-level design of seismic-resisting structural frames using nonlinear static analysis. Bounding models are derived for this design problem that are sufficiently general for various types of structural frames. The merit of the novel approach lies in giving designers the ability to search the tradespace exhaustively, arriving at the global minimum with a reduced cost by comparison to a full evaluation using the highest fidelity model while also providing the freedom to retain dominated and non-dominated solutions.     

Designing Icons for the Graphical User Interface

This paper addresses the issue of designing icons for the Graphical User Interface by exploring what design rules have evolved from established graphic design principles and, of these, which can be successfully adapted for the Graphical User Interface. By going towards a design criterion for computer icons it must be recognised that any change from one medium to another will alter the design possibilities. In order to establish what those design possibilities are, computer icons can be gauged against how other elements of design are used and their design criteria. Magazines direct the reader around the page by creating a positive reading order. Conflict, contrast or harmony can alter the relationship between design elements without altering their size, also optical and not mathematical centres decide the balance of elements used in any design. Computer icons are rarely designed as individuals, but as families. These families of icons are compared against other systems to establish what their requirements are and how this impacts upon icon design.     

Object-oriented design: A goal-driven and pattern-based approach

In recent years, the influences of design patterns on software quality have attracted increasing attention in the area of software engineering, as design patterns encapsulate valuable knowledge to resolve design problems, and more importantly to improve the design quality. One of the key challenges in object-oriented design is how to apply appropriate design patterns during the system development. In this paper, design pattern is analyzed from different perspectives to see how it can facilitate design activities, handle non-functional requirement, solve design problems and resolve design conflicts. Based on the analysis, various kinds of applicability of design patterns are explored and integrated with a goal-driven approach to guiding developers to construct the object-oriented design model in a systematic manner. There are three benefits to the proposed approach: making it easy to meet requirements, helping resolve design conflicts, and facilitating improvement of the design quality.     

Patterns for design in microtechnology

Miniaturization is a trend in mechanical engineering, in which 3D mechanical structures are required. Consequences are changed production and design processes. Furthermore micro-specific design requires in-depth knowledge of production technology. One successful means for ensuring the consideration of these restrictions are design rules. However, many aspects of design relevant knowledge are not restrictive and cannot be represented by design rules. The authors propose the application of design patterns, which represent problem- and solution-oriented knowledge. A pattern describes the abstract solution for a frequently occurring problem in a specific context. This approach was first introduced to architecture and then adapted to software engineering. Also first moves were made to use pattern languages in engineering design. The authors propose design patterns to represent design knowledge for microsystem technologies. As methodological means of support, a pattern lifecycle activity model and subordinate methods are presented.     

Knowledge-based system for the computer aided design of ingot casting processes

The complexity of the design in thermal manufacturing processes stems from the need to simulate complicated heat transfer, fluid flow and phase change phenomena and couple the results with the design rules and knowledge available of these processes to obtain satisfactory designs. In this regard, the ability of expert systems to use heuristic reasoning has proved to be a powerful tool in the computer-aided-design of thermal manufacturing systems.In this paper, the salient features of a knowledge-based system developed for the design of the ingot casting process has been outlined. A Prolog-based decision-making front-end is interfaced with a Fortran-based computational engine for rapid design. The results from the heat transfer analysis, obtained from the computational module, are coupled to the evaluation module, which checks for satisfaction of the design critera and violation of the design constraints. The decision-making module uses a set of design rules to manipulate the variables until the design specifications are satisfied. Modularity and flexibility are maintained using an object-oriented format. Several interesting design acceleration features like design inheritance from simpler models and design extraction from previous designs are illustrated. The main features of this knowledge-based tool and the savings in time resulting from using these special features are discussed in detail.     

传统民族文化在现代设计中的应用——以中国画为例

现代设计基于现代社会、现代生活,是一种以现代主义的理念贯穿整个设计过程的设计活动,它受到现代市场、人体工学、心理学的约束,具有高度实用性及商业性。现如今,从动漫设计、平面设计、工业设计、建筑设计到其他各类设计领域,中国传统文化越来越多地被应用,由此设计出的作品也越来越受到世界的重视。民族的就是世界的,2008年北京奥运会中的种种设计就是一个运用中国传统文化的成功案例,让世界看到了中国文化的魅力。     

Shape sensitivity analysis and design studies for CAD flume sections

This paper presents shape design sensitivity analysis (DSA) and design studies for recreational waterslides represented in computer-aided design (CAD) environment. The mathematical representations of a number of commonly used flume sections that serve as the building blocks for waterslide configurations are created in CAD tools. Geometric dimensions of the individual sections that affect not only their geometric shape but also the overall configurations are identified as design variables. These design variables can be varied to search for better design alternatives, for example, safer waterslides. A set of coupled differential equations based on Lagrange’s equations of motion that describe the motion of the riding object are derived. The equations of motion incorporate friction forces between the riding object and the surface of the flume sections. These second-order differential equations are then solved using Mathematica. Based on the equations of motion and design variables identified, a set of differential equations are derived for calculating shape DSA coefficients. These equations are solved numerically again using Mathematica. The major contribution of the paper are (1) extending waterslide design parameterization and shape DSA computation to true CAD-based flume sections, which greatly alleviates the design for manufacturing issues previously encountered, (2) incorporating friction forces into shape DSA computation, and (3) developing a design scenario that includes sensitivity display and what-if studies for a compromised design that is safer and with a larger acceleration, therefore, higher excitement levels. Incorporating friction forces into the computation supports design for rider’s excitement levels, which are related to accelerations. Waterslide design will not be realistic without including friction forces.     

Entwurf von Anwendungssystemen und Entwurf von Enterprise Services

Service oriented (re-)design aims at increasing the flexibility of application architecture. In contrast to traditional application design, functionality clusters are intended to be coarse-grained and loosely coupled. The question is whether this new design paradigm also leads to different types of applications: In traditional application design, applications either are integrated along organizational structure (process oriented), along information objects (information oriented), or according to certain reusable functionalities (functionality / channel oriented). In practice, corresponding enterprise service types can be observed. While information oriented and functionality / channel enterprise services are designed widely similar to their traditional application counterparts, process oriented enterprise services usually have higher granularity. Based on four case analyses, this paper presents design approaches, analyzes enterprise service design and compares enterprise service design to traditional application design. Since both design paradigms seem to lead to widely similar architectures, potential reasons are discussed.     

Design-independent calculation in FEM-based optimization programs

In recent years, much effort has been directed towards developing efficient FEM-based optimization/CAD software. Computational efficiency is of vital importance in optimal design of large scale structural systems. The main reason for this is that the iterative design process involves repeated analysis of the structure, which is quite expensive. At every iteration, the design variables are updated until a satisfactory design is obtained. There are many computations, however, which are independent of design variables and therefore need to be performed only once. Such computations can also be looked upon as computations based on unit values for the design variables. The unit design concept does not directly apply to structures which are modeled using beam finite elements. This paper presents a discussion of the unit design concept so as to include applications with beam elements. Some related questions on future developments of FEM software are discussed.     

基于我国端游产品的用户体验设计策略研究

在体验经济的时代环境下,探析客户端游戏产品设计中所运用的用户体验设计策 略,为今后的传统产品设计寻求新的设计视角。采用文献研究和案例分析法,以用户体验设计 发展为基础,以产品设计、用户体验设计、交互设计、设计心理学及感性工学中的方法理论为 依托,借助客户端游戏产品为研究对象,对其蕴含的用户体验设计策略进行研究。给出一种用 户体验的量化评价模型,并提出了能够提升客户端游戏产品用户体验的设计策略,在此基础上 为传统产品的创新设计提供新的启示和指导。