Design techniques for silicon compiler implementations ofhigh-speed FIR digital filters

Architecture design techniques for implementing both single-rate and multirate high throughput finite impulse response (FIR) digital filters are explored, with an emphasis on those which are applicable to automated integrated circuit layout techniques. Various parallel architectures are examined based on the criteria of achievable throughput versus hardware complexity. Well-known techniques for reduced complexity and computation time are briefly summarized, followed by the introduction of several new techniques which offer further gains in both throughput and circuitry reduction. An architecture for mirror-symmetric polyphase filter banks is derived which exploits the coefficient symmetry between multiple filters to reduce hardware. Finally, the evolution of a silicon compiler which utilizes all of these techniques is presented, and results are given for compiled filters along with comparisons to other compiled and custom FIR filter chips     

基于FPGA的高阶高速FIR滤波器设计与实现

提出了一种基于FPGA的高阶高速FIR滤波器的设计与实现方法。通过一个169阶的均方根升余弦滚降滤波器的设计,介绍了如何应用流水线技术来设计高阶高速FIR滤波器,并且对所设计的FIR滤波器性能、资源占用进行了分析。     

一种基于FPGA的FIR滤波器实现结构

提出了一种在FPGA中能灵活实现各种FIR滤波器的结构。该结构以使用流水线技术的高速乘法累加器(Multiple Accumulator,MAC)为核心,通过逻辑设计中时间-空间的互换,以最优的资源消耗来实现各种性能的FIR滤波器.最后以DVB-C系统中基带成形滤波器的设计实现为例与传统实现结构进行比较,结果表明此实现结构能灵活处理综合面积和速度的约束关系,具有更优的性价比.     

高速差分FIR滤波器的设计与实现

设计了一种对高速差分信号进行FIR滤波的滤波器结构。该结构采用FPGA内部RAM构成的异步FIFO乒乓接收高速输入数据，并以分频速率输出进行实时处理。FIR滤波器用VHDL语言和原理图相结合描述，并综合到Altera公司的Stratix系列芯片。综合结果表明．该设计能够接收高速差分信号，并能稳定工作在输入时钟的分频频率下。     

基于FPGA的高速数字FIR滤波器设计

本文在分析传统FIR数字滤波器的基础上,设计了一种面向时序和面积优化的高速数字FIR滤波器结构。和传统的数字FIR滤波器比较,该结构具有速度快,面积小,易于扩展等特点。采用该结构,实现了一个基于FPGA的14阶的数字FIR滤波器。     

FPGA realization of FIR filters for high-speed and medium-speed by using modified distributed arithmetic architectures

This paper presents the design optimization of fully pipelined architectures for area-time-power-efficient implementation of finite impulse response (FIR) filter. The architectures are designed to obtain a suitable area-time tradeoff. Analysis of the performance of different filter orders and different address lengths of partial tables indicate the choice of four input partial tables presents the best of area-time-power-efficient realizations of FIR filter compared with the existing LUT-less DA-based implementations of FIR filters in both high-speed and medium-speed. Moreover, a number of further experiments not only shows the pipeline register’s significant influence to the maximum frequency of the FIR filters but also indicates it also has area usage. Final experiment shows that with the help of using pipeline register, the choice of 4-bits-per-clock (4BPC) of the architecture for word-length N=8 with four input partial table yields the best cost-effective when comparing with other different cases in both high-speed and medium-speed implementations.     

FIR滤波器的DSP实现

介绍了FIR滤波器的基本结构及设计方法,结合实例,给定滤波器的数字指标。利用FDATool来确定FIR滤波器抽头系数。基于DSP平台,采用MATLB产生待滤波输入信号导入到用C语言实现的FIR低通滤波器中,并且在CCS上仿真,对仿真结果与理论值进行比较。波形仿真结果和理论值相吻和表明设计的系统是正确、稳定的。不同的应用场合,FIR滤波器要求有不同性能,只要修改本设计中滤波器的系数,就可以实现性能不同的FIR滤波器。     

高速FIR滤波器的流水线结构

通过一个13阶线性相位的平方根升余弦滚降FIR数字滤波器的结构设计，介绍了如何应用流水线技术来设计高速FIR滤波器。考虑到FPGA的容量问题，对采用流水线技术之后的FIR滤波器占用的硬件资源进行了分析，得出一些结论。     

基于神经网络的FRM滤波器优化设计研究

以频率响应屏蔽(FRM)技术为基础,提出了一种基于神经网络的窄过渡带FIR数字滤波器的优化设计新方法.该算法主要通过使频率响应平方误差函数最小化来获得FRM滤波器系数.文中详细介绍了基于神经网络的基本FRM滤波器和多层FRM滤波器的设计算法及设计步骤,证明了该算法的稳定性定理,给出了仿真实例,并与已有的设计方法进行了比较,设计结果表明用该方法设计的窄过渡带FIR数字滤波器性能更为优越.     

Optimum FIR and IIR multistage multirate filter design

A theorem is introduced which is useful in deriving equivalent multirate filter structures. Frequency responses of multistage multirate filters are derived and defined by deriving their equivalent one-stage filters. A design principle is proposed to reduce filtering requirements at each stage and move the filter operations to low-sampling-rate stages and thus result in a lower arithmetic rate. Optimum FIR and IIR multistage multirate filter designs are developed based on this principle. The new design has a one-point passband specification for each decimator and/or interpolator stage resulting in a wider transition region and lower filter order. Examples are given to explain the design procedure, and comparisons are made to show the superiority of the new filters.     

基于FPGA的FIR滤波器设计

数字滤波器在数字信号处理中占有很重要的地位,该文介绍了FIR滤波器的两种实现算法：乘累加算法和优化的分布式算法,其中分布式算法作为优化算法进行研究。其次,根据FIR滤波器理论,采用线性相位结构优化滤波器的设计。并给出了FIR滤波器的模块划分和FIR滤波器的主要模块的实现,最后对FIR滤波器进行了系统仿真和验证。     

可编程FIR滤波器的FPGA实现

介绍了FIR滤波器的基本的线性相位结构及FIR滤波器的抽头系数SD算法编码。给定滤波器的数字指标,用MATLB设计抽头系数,最后用Verilog HDL语言实现了一个16阶的FIR低通滤波器并在QuartusⅡ上仿真,并对仿真结果与理论值进行比较,波形仿真结果和理论值相吻和,最后将编程数据文件下载到FPGA芯片上。对于不同性能的FIR滤波器,抽头系数是变化的,因此只要对本设计的抽头系数重新在线配置,就可以实现不同的FIR滤波器。     

基于可重构FPGA技术的自适应FIR滤波器的实现

有限冲激响应(FIR)滤波器设计遇到的难题是滤波要进行大量乘法运算,即使是在全定制的专用集成电路中也会导致过大的面积与功耗.对于用硬件实现系数是常量的专用滤波器,可以通过分解系数变为应用加、减和移位而实现乘法.FIR滤波器的复杂性主要由用于系数乘法的加法器/减法器的数量决定.而对于自适应FIR滤波器,大多数场合下可用数字信号处理器(DSP)或CPU通过软件编程的方法来实现,但是对于要求高速运算的场合,VLSI实现是很好的选择.基于这一考虑,可以用符号数的正则表示(CSD)码表示系数, 再利用可重构现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)技术实现.可重构结构的应用,能保证系统的其余部分同时处于运行状态时实现FIR滤波器系数的更新.文中利用CSD码和可重构思想,提出了用FPGA实现自适应FIR滤波器的一种方案.     

The design and multiplier-less realization of software radio receivers with reduced system delay

This work studies the design and multiplier-less realization of a new software radio receiver (SRR) with reduced system delay. It employs low-delay finite-impulse response (FIR) and digital allpass filters to effectively reduce the system delay of the multistage decimators in SRRs. The optimal least-square and minimax designs of these low-delay FIR and allpass-based filters are formulated as a semi-definite programming (SDP) problem, which allows zero magnitude constraint at /spl omega/=/spl pi/ to be incorporated readily as additional linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). By implementing the sampling rate converter (SRC) using a variable digital filter (VDF) immediately after the integer decimators, the needs for an expensive programmable FIR filter in the traditional SRR is avoided. A new method for the optimal minimax design of this VDF-based SRC using SDP is also proposed and compared with traditional weight least squares method. Other implementation issues including the multiplier-less and digital signal processor (DSP) realizations of the SRR and the generation of the clock signal in the SRC are also studied. Design results show that the system delay and implementation complexities (especially in terms of high-speed variable multipliers) of the proposed architecture are considerably reduced as compared with conventional approaches.     

A Tutorial on Multiplierless Design of FIR Filters: Algorithms and Architectures

Finite impulse response (FIR) filtering is a ubiquitous operation in digital signal processing systems and is generally implemented in full custom circuits due to high-speed and low-power design requirements. The complexity of an FIR filter is dominated by the multiplication of a large number of filter coefficients by the filter input or its time-shifted versions. Over the years, many high-level synthesis algorithms and filter architectures have been introduced in order to design FIR filters efficiently. This article reviews how constant multiplications can be designed using shifts and adders/subtractors that are maximally shared through a high-level synthesis algorithm based on some optimization criteria. It also presents different forms of FIR filters, namely, direct, transposed, and hybrid and shows how constant multiplications in each filter form can be realized under a shift-adds architecture. More importantly, it explores the impact of the multiplierless realization of each filter form on area, delay, and power dissipation of both custom (ASIC) and reconfigurable (FPGA) circuits by carrying out experiments with different bitwidths of filter input, design libraries, reconfigurable target devices, and optimization criteria in high-level synthesis algorithms.     

采用分布式算法的高速FIR滤波器ASIC设计

对DA算法的FIR滤波器和传统乘加结构FIR滤波器的性能进行了比较,介绍了改进DA算法的原理;对分别采用FPGA和芯片实现的DA算法高速FIR滤波器的性能指标进行了比较;介绍了ASIC芯片设计时存储器的可测性设计方法,以及存储器对布局布线策略的影响。最后,给出了版图形式的设计结果及电路验证信号波形。     

基于FPGA的FIR滤波器的设计

随着系统实时性要求的提高,对FIR滤波器要求也越来越高。因此,提出了一种基于FPGA的高速FIR滤波器实现方案,并借助QuartusII软件和MATLAB软件对该方案进行了仿真验证。仿真结果表明：该方案设计的FIR滤波器具有运算速度快、实时性好和节省硬件资源的特点,有一定的工程实用性。     

Design of FIR filter ISOTA with the aid of genetic algorithm

The field of digital signal processing has been receiving justified attention over the years because of a number of reasons including sophisticated algorithms, high computational speed and wider area of applications. In connection to this, design of finite impulse response (FIR) filter has drawn the attention of researchers throughout the globe. A number of promising developments has been carried out over the last few decades which emphasize on the design of hardware efficient filter structure. In this paper, a new technique of FIR filter design has been addressed by virtue of genetic algorithm. Filter coefficients have been searched over the discrete space in such a way that the architecture consists of shifts and only two adders. As a matter of fact, the proposed FIR filter involving shift and only two additions (ISOTA) results in minimal hardware cost during its implementation. This has been illustrated by means of a few example filters in this work. Some of the recently proposed FIR ISOTA filters have also been taken for the purpose of comparison. Finally, the proposed filter has been implemented on Altera Cyclone IV FPGA board.     

Desensitized Half-Band Filters

A common component in digital circuitry for communication systems is the half-band filter. Digital half-band filters are often used in cooperation with upsamplers and downsamplers in multirate systems when a sampling-rate change is required. While techniques for designing these filters are well known, an entirely new method for the design and implementation of lowpass FIR half-band filters is presented in this paper, one in which the filter's frequency response can be provided with a significant insensitivity to the filter's tap-coefficient values. Such insensitivity can be exploited in the filter-design process to yield half-band filters with reduced hardware requirements, which can lead to circuits having lower power consumption, higher operating speeds, and smaller IC area.      

FPGA在数字滤波器设计中的应用

介绍了FIR数字滤波器的硬件实现技术,结合Altera公司的FLEX10K系列芯片提出了实现FIR数字滤波器的硬件电路的方案,设计出一种8阶FIR数字滤波器,并且推广到16阶及32阶,以及实现滤波器的AHDL语言。基于FPGA的电路系统设计及其仿真结果表明此系统合理、可靠且满足设计要求。