焦磷酸钠对魔芋葡甘聚糖酯化交联改性研究

焦磷酸钠对魔芋葡甘聚糖进行酯化交联改性,实验结果表明:反应最佳条件为焦磷酸钠∶魔芋葡甘聚糖=1∶8(w/w)、pH3、温度50℃、时间2h。改性KGM溶胶透明度、黏度、冻融稳定性及抗菌性明显改善,改性KGM膜耐洗刷性比未改性KGM膜明显增强。     

三聚磷酸钠对魔芋葡甘聚糖酯化交联改性研究

三聚磷酸钠对魔芋葡甘聚糖进行酯化交联改性。实验结果表明,反应最佳条件为三聚磷酸钠∶魔芋葡甘聚糖=1∶9(W/W),反应pH为2,反应温度60℃,反应时间2h。改性KGM透明度、粘度、冻融稳定性均比未改性KGM明显改善,并具有一定的耐酸、耐高温能力,且有相当的抑菌效果。     

改性条件对凹凸棒石/魔芋葡甘聚糖复合材料力学性能的影响

以魔芋葡甘聚糖（konjac glucomannan,KGM）为基体,用硅烷偶联剂KH-570（γ-（甲基丙烯酰氧）丙基三甲氧基硅烷）对凹凸棒石改性后,采用溶液共混法制备改性凹凸棒石/魔芋葡甘聚糖复合材料。探讨改性凹凸棒石用量、KH-570用量、改性时间和改性温度对复合材料力学性能的影响。力学性能测试结果表明：魔芋葡甘聚糖和改性凹凸棒石共混明显改善了复合材料的力学性能。当改性凹凸棒石用量为魔芋葡甘聚糖用量的6%（质量分数,下同）、KH-570用量为凹凸棒石用量的2%、改性时间为35 min、改性温度为60 ℃时,改性凹凸棒石/魔芋葡甘聚糖复合材料的综合力学性能最好。傅里叶变换红外光谱（Fourier transform-infrared spectra,FT-IR）和扫描电子显微镜（scanning electron microscopy,SEM）测试分析结果表明：复合材料中魔芋葡甘聚糖和改性凹凸棒石之间存在强烈的相互作用和良好的相容性。     

化学改性魔芋葡甘聚糖成膜性能的研究进展

魔芋葡甘聚糖(KonjacGlucomannan,简称KGM),是从魔芋块茎中分离、提取的一种天然复合多糖,具有亲水性、凝胶性、成膜性、抗菌性、可食用性等多种特征,在食品、医药、化工及生物领域应用广泛.简要论述魔芋葡甘聚糖的结构和理化特性,并综合介绍魔芋葡甘聚糖的化学改性研究进展,分析概括化学改性对魔芋葡甘聚糖成膜性能的改善作用.以期为魔芋葡甘聚糖膜的进一步研究提供理论基础,扩大它的应用范围,从而促进魔芋资源的开发.     

脱乙酰改性对魔芋葡甘聚糖/黑米膳食纤维复合膜特性的影响

目的 探究脱乙酰对魔芋葡甘聚糖(konjac glucomannan, KGM)/黑米膳食纤维复合膜特性的影响。方法 对KGM进行脱乙酰改性,将脱乙酰前后的KGM与黑米膳食纤维、甘油、蛭石共混,采用流延法制备两种复合膜,以复合膜拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、水蒸气透过率、溶水率为考察因素,确定最优配方,并通过傅里叶变换红外光谱和扫描电镜进行表征。结果 魔芋葡甘聚糖/黑米膳食纤维复合膜制备最佳配方为每100 mL蒸馏水中添加魔芋葡甘聚糖0.37 g、黑米膳食纤维0.074 g、甘油0.60 g、蛭石0.074 g,复合膜的拉伸强度可达11.20 MPa。脱乙酰魔芋葡甘聚糖/黑米膳食纤维复合膜最佳配方为每100 mL蒸馏水中添加脱乙酰度0.2%魔芋葡甘聚糖0.37 g、黑米膳食纤维0.074 g、甘油0.50 g、蛭石0.074 g,在此条件下,拉伸强度为12.67 MPa。脱乙酰改性使复合膜抗拉强度提高13%、断裂伸长率降低17%、溶水率降低12%、水蒸气透过系数降低41%,红外光谱与扫描电镜结果表明脱乙酰魔芋葡甘聚糖黑米膳食纤维复合膜具有更高的稳定性。结论 脱乙酰改性处理改善了复合膜微观结构,...     

魔芋葡甘聚糖功能特性研究及其在食品工业中的应用

魔芋葡甘聚糖(KGM)是一种天然的优异膳食纤维,本文综述了魔芋葡甘聚糖的功能特性以及魔芋葡甘聚糖在食品工业中的应用概况,并对其发展前景进行了展望。     

魔芋葡甘聚糖改性研究进展

魔芋葡甘聚糖(konjac glucomannan, KGM)是魔芋中特有的天然无端基可溶性膳食纤维, 具有改善肠道生态、清除巨噬M1内固醇、拮抗HIV逆转录等多种功能, 在食品、医药、生物等众多领域有着良好的应用与发展前景。在KGM多元化产品生产与加工中, 天然KGM因为溶解度低、溶胶稳定性差、凝胶可塑性弱等缺陷, 需要从理化性质等方面进行深入分析, 通过共混、物理和化学等改性方法加以改进。本文综述了近年来国内外魔芋葡甘聚糖改性方法的研究进展, 提出了以KGM共混为基础的多糖、蛋白质类改性体系, 对比了KGM物理改性的优缺点, 构画出KGM的三种氧化及一种中间态结构、阐明了KGM接枝改性作用位点的变化及交联改性的现状, 分析了KGM改性中值得关注和研究的问题, 并展望了KGM改性未来发展和应用的趋势。     

魔芋葡甘聚糖的特性、保健功能及作用

魔芋葡甘聚糖(KGM)是一种高分子量的水溶性膳食纤维，具有多种良好的食品学特性，其保健功能也越来越受到医学界和食品界的重视。综述了魔芋葡甘聚糖的特性、保健功能以及国内外在食品、农业、工业等方面利用魔芋葡甘聚糖的现状。     

羧甲基魔芋葡甘聚糖的制备及应用于空心胶囊的研究

魔芋葡甘聚糖经羧甲基化改性后,其溶解性、抗潮性、成膜性能等明显改善,可用作空心胶囊的囊材。本文通过正交试验,得出了魔芋葡甘聚糖羧甲基化改性作囊材的最宜反应条件:6g魔芋精粉,6g氯乙酸,1.2g碘化钾,70℃水浴反应4h,所得产物的取代度为0.571。研究了改性后羧甲基魔芋葡甘聚糖的理化性能。     

硫酸酯化魔芋葡甘聚糖的制备及其应用研究

目的制备硫酸酯化魔芋葡甘聚糖(sulfated konjac glucomannan,SKGM)并研究其与大分子黄原胶的复配作用机制。方法用市售魔芋精粉为原料,采用创新的乙醇-超滤沉淀法获得高纯度的魔芋葡甘聚糖(konjac glucomannan,KGM),在氯磺酸的作用下制备出硫酸酯化魔芋葡甘聚糖,以粘度为指标,分析讨论SKGM与大分子黄原胶(xanthan gum,XG)的作用机制。结果制备的魔芋葡甘聚糖冻干粉纯度为98.61%,此时粘均分子量179万,粘度870 mpa/s;合成硫酸酯化魔芋葡甘聚糖最佳反应条件是时间3 h,温度为70℃,氯磺酸6 m L,通过计算得知取代度为1.053。硫酸酯化魔芋葡甘聚糖和黄原胶复配物因为氢键作用使得粘度显著增加。结论该研究获得一种精制高粘度魔芋葡甘聚糖及其酯化产物的方法,并得到其酯化产物SKGM和XG的复配机制。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the