共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 149 毫秒
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控释肥料养分释放动力学及其机理研究第2报水蒸气压对包膜型控释肥料养分释放的影响 总被引:10,自引:4,他引:10
研究了水蒸气压差与包膜型控释肥料养分释放速率的关系。在 2 5℃不同水蒸气压差条件下进行了包膜型控释肥料的养分释放试验。在模拟预测值的过程中 ,采用了饱和溶液中的水蒸气压差换算成水中温度的方法。结果表明 ,包膜型控释肥料的养分释放率与膜内水蒸气压差成正比。在盐类饱和溶液中 ,包膜型控释肥料中养分释放受盐类饱和溶液渗透压的影响 ,最大释放率达不到 10 0 %。通过用水蒸气压差换算成温度条件后 ,释放率的预测值与实测值一致 相似文献
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控释肥料养分释放动力学及其机理研究 第3报 土壤水分对包膜型控释肥料养分释放的影响(续完) 总被引:15,自引:2,他引:15
研究包膜型控释肥料在不同温度和不同土壤水分含量(从田间持水量到较低的风干土壤水平)条件下的养分释放。并将土壤含水量换算成水蒸气压,再将土壤中控释肥料包膜内外的水蒸气压差换算成纯水蒸气压条件下的温度,代入ArataKobayashi改进模型,比较释放率的预测值与实测值,分析了土壤水分与释放速率的关系。结果表明,当土壤水分含量30%(田间持水量的100%),0.42MPa的土壤水势包膜型控释肥料的养分释放速率的实测值与预测值一致,低于这一水分含量的土壤,释放速率下降。土壤含水量2.3%(相当田间持水量的7.7%),土壤水势在100MPa以上时,包膜型控释肥料的养分完全不能释放。在低水分含量下的土壤渗透势对包膜型控释肥料养分释放的影响较小,影响养分释放的主要因子是基质势。 相似文献
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控释肥料养分释放动力学及其机理研究 第1报 温度对包膜型控释肥料养分释放的影响 总被引:14,自引:6,他引:14
研究 4种包膜型控释肥料养分释放及温度对释放过程的影响。供试 4种肥料具有指数线形和 S线形释放特征曲线。指数线型控释肥料与 SU GIHARA方程和 S线型控释肥料与 ISHIBASHI改进方程有良好的拟合性。4种包膜型控释肥料的养分释放曲线符合初始诱导期校正参数 tau的一级反应模型。具有指数释放特征曲线包膜型控释肥料的 tau可给出零。为了养分的开始释放 ,需要一定量的水分透入包膜肥料内 ,HCRF S70需要透入的水比HCRF E5 0的多。养分释放呈指数曲线形的 HCRF E5 0和养分释放呈 S曲线形的 HCRF S70在释放机理上没有差异。与指数曲线形的 HCRF E5 0相比较 ,S曲线形的 HCRF S70养分释放推迟是由于养分开始释放时所需水分量较大。因此 ,养分释放呈 S曲线形的控释肥料的诱导期依存于温度。 相似文献
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控制缓释碳铵肥料 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
控制缓释肥料(controlslow-releasefertiliz-er,简称控释肥料)是缓释肥料(slow-releasefer-tilizer)进一步发展的方向,使肥料养分的释放速率符合作物的需肥规律,以达到一次施肥满足作物整个生长期的需肥要求,并获得最有效、最经济的结果。这项工作日益为国内外科技工作者所重视。包膜肥料(coatedfertilizer,又称包裹肥料)是控释肥料中普遍采用的方法之一。利用已有的速效肥料通过包膜材料的种类、厚薄、孔隙以及颗粒大小来控制肥料养分的释放速率。包膜技术是一种新型的分离技术,它是以包膜作为隔层,藉助外界能量或化学位差为推动力,… 相似文献
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缓释和控释肥料快速检测方法及养分释放特性评价研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
采用水中浸提释放法,按照缓释肥料国家标准(GB/T 23348—2009)和欧洲标准化委员会(CEN)推荐的控释肥料评价标准,对9种缓释和控释肥料的氮素释放特性进行了评价。结果表明:采用25℃常温浸提法测定与100℃快速浸提法测定,后者的养分释放率加快。用100℃快速浸提法建立预测预报缓释和控释肥料在常温(25℃)下的释放期的回归方程(一元二次方程,相关系数0.98),预测值与实测值相差1~3 d。对于25℃常温浸提法测定释放期分别为66,84,142,88,218和130 d的包膜肥料样品CRF1,CRF2,CRF3,CRF4,Nutricote和Osmocote,用100℃电导率法预测的养分释放期分别为65,81,142,86,216和134 d,相对误差3.5%,说明电导率法也可准确快速地预测包膜控释肥料的养分释放率和释放期。 相似文献
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包膜控/缓释肥养分释放特性评价方法的研究 总被引:28,自引:0,他引:28
分别以水、土壤、砂子、土壤 +砂子和土壤 +沸石为介质 ,研究了 5种控 /缓释肥的溶 (淋 )出特征。结果表明 ,同一肥料在不同介质中的溶 (淋 )出率和溶 (淋 )出模式有很大不同 ,这主要是由不同介质的性质决定的。水中溶出率虽可以快速比较不同控 /缓释肥的溶出速率 ,但用以估测肥料在田间的实际肥效 ,则产生较大的误差。这是因为土体内强烈的物理、化学、物理化学和生物学过程必然影响到肥料中养分的释放和释放出养分在土体内的各种转化过程 ,在种植作物的情况下 ,还受植物根系吸收养分的影响。因此 ,在评价控 /缓释肥时 ,考虑土壤因子 ,把“肥—土”作为一个整体来研究 ,才能使控 /缓释肥评价更客观、更合理 相似文献
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化学成品肥中有效成分的释放速率是判别肥料释放性能的重要指标,同时也是衡量化学肥料在应用过程中引起环境污染的重要评价方法。本文在自制的化学肥料有效成分溶出的装置中。采用在恒定流速下土壤柱喷淋有效成分溶出的方法分别对氮磷钾复合肥、氮磷复合肥、尿素和钾肥中有效成分N、P、K的释放特性进行了对比研究。结果表明,所选几种肥料中氮、磷、钾有效成分的释放大多经历了四个不同阶段:开始阶段释放比较快。坡度比较陡。斜率较大;第二与第三个阶段释放比较缓慢,出现释放平台,持续时间长;最后阶段释放较快,持续时间比较短。 相似文献
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Carla O. Nascimento Bianca B. Mattos Rosana L. Fialho Elaine C. M. Cabral-Albuquerque Vinícius M. Benites 《International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology》2020,17(1):153-161
Chicken litter (CL) is a waste generated by poultry farming and it that has increased significantly in recent years. Due to chicken litter levels of nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, and other nutrients, the CL has a potential use as fertilizer, nevertheless, this purpose has been threatened by the pollution of water resources owing to the leaching and disposal of these nutrients. The production of CL granular organomineral fertilizers (OMF) is one way of minimizing these problems and to add value to poultry waste. Thus, this study evaluates the potential of the use of different binder materials on the improvement of the hardness and nutrient release. For this, five ceramic materials were added in four different concentrations to the powder mixture containing Monoammonium Phosphate (MAP) and CL. The fertilizers were granulated and through hardness evaluation, it was possible to observe that the positive effect on the hardness depended on the additive used and its concentration. The most promising additive was magnesium oxide that, was able to improve the strength of by up to four times, when compared to the OMF control. The results shown that the nutrient release is not affected with addition different binder materials. 相似文献
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建议推广适用于大田作物的缓释/控释肥料 总被引:11,自引:1,他引:11
我国当季化肥利用率较低,不仅浪费人力、物力、财力,而且有害于生态环境。影响化肥利用率的因素较多,除使用不当外,还有化肥养分释放不符合作物需肥规律,如养分释放过快使作物来不及吸收而损失等。为此,各国致力于开发缓释/控释肥料。国外开发的缓释/控释肥料由于成本高,只能用于非大田作物。我国根据国情,致力于开发低成本可用于大田作物的缓释/控释肥料,目前已有不少科研院校取得了可喜的成绩,建议结合水稻施肥技术开展推广示范工作。 相似文献
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Asma Sofyane Mohammed Lahcini Abdellatif El Meziane Mehdi Khouloud Abdelmalek Dahchour Sylvain Caillol Mustapha Raihane 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2020,97(7):751-763
In an effort to enhance the efficiency of fertilizer use and minimize their negative impact on the environment, a novel biomass-based, functional controlled-release fertilizer was used to improve nutrient use efficiency and increase crop production systems for more sustainable agriculture practices. Here, bio-based amino-oil (Priamine) mixtures were proposed as an outer coating with different layers for the control of phosphorus release from diammonium Phosphate (DAP). These hydrophobic coatings conferred excellent barrier properties and flexibility to coatings. The morphological characterization of the coated fertilizer was performed by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), electronic diffraction X-ray (EDX) and mapping, and revealed the formation of a cohesive film and a good adhesion between DAP fertilizer and coating film. The release rate of nutrients (phosphate) in water was investigated by UV–Vis spectrophotometer. The effect of coating thickness was investigated on release time and diffusion coefficient of phosphor release in distilled water. Release time increased with the coating thickness. The diffusion coefficient of nutrient release decreased with the coating thickness. Compared with uncoated granule which is totally solubilized after less than 2 hours, the P release profiles of the coated granules reached the equilibrium stage approximately after 98 and 126 hours when the DAP is coated with only Priamine single-layer (1L) and double-layer (2L), respectively. Moreover, the strategy adopted has successfully provided a very slow release and long-term availability of nutrient sources with bio-based coating oil compared to uncoated fertilizer (DAP) and therefore exhibited promising application for sustainable development of modern agriculture and circular economic. 相似文献