溶胶凝胶十六烷基三甲基溴化铵离子选择电极的研制

以四苯硼钠作为电活性物质,用溶胶-凝胶技术制备的阳离子表面活性剂选择电极对十六烷基三甲基溴化铵有良好的能斯特响应特性,其线性响应范围为1.0×10-3～1.0×10-6mol·L-1,斜率56.7 mV/pC,适宜的pH范围为4.0～10.0.同时该电极显示了较好的选择性,重现性和稳定性.     

纳米氧化钛溶胶—凝胶固定葡萄糖氧化酶制备生物传感器

该文采用了一种新型的有机-无机复合氧化钛溶胶凝胶制备生物传感器.该方法制备的溶胶克服了通常氧化钛溶胶体系在强酸性条件下不稳定的缺点,可以通过调节pH值达到保持酶活性的目的.以葡萄糖氧化酶为例,用上述氧化钛溶胶凝胶将酶固定在玻碳电极表面,形成纳米生物复合薄膜.实验表明该传感器对葡萄糖有较好的响应特性和稳定性.同时研究了各种实验条件对氧化钛溶胶凝胶合成以及生物传感器性能的优化.     

纳米金、聚天青Ⅰ修饰铂电极的电流型葡萄糖传感器

用循环伏安法在铂金电极上电聚合一层稳定的天青Ⅰ聚合物膜.研究了这层膜在0.1 mol/L磷酸缓冲溶液(pH6.5)中的电化学性质.用纳米金溶胶与聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)构成复合固酶基质,采用溶胶-凝胶法固定葡萄糖氧化酶(GOD)于天青Ⅰ修饰的铂金电极表面,制成了新型葡萄糖生物传感器.实验发现,所制备的传感器具有响应快、灵敏度高、稳定性好,对葡萄糖的线性响应范围为1.2×10-5～7.5×10-3mol/L,检测下限为6.0×10-6mol/L.并具有抗坏血酸、尿酸干扰的特点.     

溶胶-凝胶固定酪氨酸酶电极的研究

研制了用溶胶-凝胶包埋的测酚酪氨酸酶碳糊电极.研究以四乙氧基硅烷(TEOS)为前驱体制备SiO2溶胶-凝胶材料的机理,利用红外光谱法对材料进行了结构表征,确定了制备溶胶-凝胶和制作酶电极的最优化条件.所研制的溶胶-凝胶酪氨酸酶碳糊电极的工作条件为:工作电位-100mV(vs,SCE)、工作pH值5.40、测量时间3 min,电极对苯酚的检测下限为1.00×10-6mol/L,线性区间为1.00×10-6mol/L～1.00×10-4mol/L.相对标准偏差RSD和相对误差RE分别达1.04%和0.002%,此电极对邻甲酚、对苯二酚、邻苯二酚、对氯苯酚都有良好的响应,对邻氨基酚、间苯二酚、对甲苯酚、邻硝基酚、2.4二甲基酚响应不好.有机干扰物苯、甲苯、丙酮、乙酸乙酯、抗坏血酸对它无影响.电极在使用72 h后,电极响应最好,一周后电极仍可用于检测.     

电化学可控制备溶胶-凝胶薄膜在生物传感器中的应用

构建化学可控、生物兼容性好、有利于界面传质与信号转换的生物传感界面是生物传感研究领域的热点问题和一大挑战.溶胶-凝胶技术在生物传感器领域应用广泛,电化学可控制备的新方法扩大了溶胶-凝胶膜在各个领域的应用前景.该文综述了近年来溶胶-凝胶技术在生物活性物质固定化方面的应用和进展,对比了不同溶胶-凝胶技术在生物传感器应用方面...     

溶胶凝胶技术在生物传感器中的应用进展

溶胶-凝胶材料由于具有制备条件温和、孔径可调、机械刚性、热稳定性好、化学惰性及溶剂中可以忽略的溶胀性等优点而被应用于固定各种生物物质.溶胶凝胶技术是一种新型固定技术,该文综合论述了溶胶凝胶制备过程、影响因素及在生物传感器中的应用发展.     

有机改性溶胶-凝胶传感膜检测亚硝酸根

以二甲基二乙氧基硅烷与四乙氧基硅烷为有机一无机复合前驱体,番红花红为敏感指示剂,利用溶胶-凝胶法研制出有机改性传感膜.实验结果表明:在酸性条件下传感膜与亚硝酸根作用,导致吸光度降低,且在一定范围内与亚硝酸根浓度呈良好的线性关系(R=0.9929),线性范围为0.001-0.1 mg·L-1,检出限为3×10-4mg·L...     

基于电聚合膜／溶胶-凝胶固定酶的葡萄糖传感器的研究

该文以铂电极为基底,电聚合乙酰苯胺作为修饰膜,采用氧化锆溶胶-凝胶法固定酶制备葡萄糖酶传感器.探讨了酶的浓度,溶液的pH值等对电极响应的影响,考察了电极的重现性,干扰及使用寿命.该方法有效的排除了尿酸(UA),抗坏血酸(AA)对测定的干扰.该传感器在葡萄糖浓度8.2×10-6～8.0×10-3mol/L范围内有线性响应,检出限为4.1×10-6mol/L.对葡萄糖有较好的响应特性、稳定性和使用寿命.     

PAMAM-SiO2复合纳米颗粒增强的葡萄糖传感器

将PAMAM-SiO2复合纳米颗粒和葡萄糖氧化酶通过壳聚糖-SiO2溶胶-凝胶固定于普鲁士蓝修饰的工作电极表面,然后以自制铂片电极为对电极、甘汞电极为参比电极,组成三电极体系,测定电镀废水中重金属离子的浓度.考察了电极的选择、葡萄糖氧化酶的固定量、复合颗粒的修饰量、温度、缓冲溶液的pH值、扫描速率等因素对葡萄糖传感器响应信号的影响.实验结果表明:选用铂盘电极、葡萄糖氧化酶固定量为4.9 U、添加浓度为1.5mmol/L纳米复合颗粒3.5 μL、在25℃、pH 6.64、扫描速率为20mV/s的条件下进行测量,响应电流最大.检测Hg2+时,传感器的线性响应范围为2.5-22.5μmol/L,检出限为2.5×10-5mol/L,相关系数为O.97(n=9).     

铁氰化钴修饰玻碳电极尿酸生物传感器的研究

该文利用电沉积方法将铁氰化钴(CoHCF)修饰在玻碳电极表面,通过蒸汽沉积法在修饰电极表面形成溶胶凝胶二氧化硅,并固定尿酸氧化酶.CoHCF具有很好的可逆氧化还原中心,对尿酸有较好的催化活性.实验表明,该传感器检测尿酸的线性范围为5.0×10-6～1.0×10-3mol/L,检测下限为2.0×10-6mol/L,响应时间为8 s.该尿酸生物传感器灵敏度高、选择性好、抗干扰能力强,能用于实际样品中的尿酸测定.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.