连铸10CrNiCu钢焊接预热温度的确定

通过间接估算和试验两种途径对连铸10CrNiCu钢板的焊接预热温度进行了研究,研究结果表明连铸10CrNiCu钢具有较好的焊接抗裂性,一般情况下焊接不需要预热,但是在低温高湿度、碳当量较高和结构拘束度大的情况下焊接时需要预热到60℃以上。     

0Cr13Ni5Mo/Q345C马氏体不锈钢复合板的焊接性

分析了 0Cr13Ni5Mo/Q345C马氏体不锈钢复合板的焊接性。通过抗裂性试验、复合板补焊及复合板对接焊、焊接工艺评定 ,提出了该复合板配套的焊接材料及可行的焊接工艺 ,按此工艺焊接的 0Cr13Ni5Mo/Q345C复合钢板接头的力学性能满足技术指标的要求。     

连铸945钢中板焊接性研究

以大量的统计数据表述了连铸９１５钢中板的焊接接头基本性能、焊接热影响区的韧性、断裂韧性、抗爆性和抗裂性，分析了该钢的特点及其对焊接性的影响，指出按照该钢的焊接工艺基本要求施焊，该钢用于产品建造和使用是可行的，也是可靠的。     

850MPa级高强钢金属粉芯药芯焊丝E85C-K4的研制

研究了一种850 MPa级高强钢配套用E85C-K4金属粉芯药芯焊丝。焊丝合金系为C-Mn-Si-Mo-Ni,同时加入强脱氧剂,研究结果表明,焊丝具有良好的焊接工艺性能、良好的抗裂性与较高的熔敷效率。     

拘束度测量在焊接工程中的应用

钢材用于焊接结构时必须具有一定的抵抗形成焊接裂纹的能力,简称须具有良好的抗裂性。结构拘束程度是影响抗裂性的重要因素。拘束度作为与结构形状及尺寸有关的力学判据,正在成为参与预测和评定钢材工艺焊接性的主要判据。 本文探索了拘束度测量在焊接工程中的应用。通过对钢材工艺焊接性评定,对实际结构拘束度测量以及确定焊接工艺等方面的试验研究,确认,拘束度测量对预测钢材工艺焊接性及按结构拘束选择钢材和确定施工工艺等方面有着实用价值。它将成为钢材焊接性研究及评定的重要组成部分。     

浅析船舶制造过程中的焊接质量要求以及控制要点

本文就船舶制造过程中的焊接质量求及控制点进行了总结,主对焊接材料,设备、工艺、焊接形式,以及焊接缺陷等焊接过程中的基本素进行了分析。     

核电站控制棒驱动机构Canopy焊缝焊接温度场和应力-应变场模拟

目的 研究机加工和拉拔2种成形方式下得到的填充环对Canopy焊缝的影响,获取焊接焊缝成形、焊接残余应力和变形的相关数据,以指导Canopy焊缝焊接工艺。方法 采用数值模拟的方法,建立Canopy焊缝焊接数值分析模型,模拟焊接温度场、焊接残余应力和焊接残余变形。结果 拉拔成形环焊接熔池高度为9 mm,机加工成形环焊接熔池高度为8.3 mm;机加工成形环焊接最大残余应力为255.6 MPa,而拉拔成形环焊接最大残余应力为277.8 MPa,均出现在管座紧贴焊缝的位置;机加工成形环焊接残余变形为0.19 mm,拉拔成形环焊接残余变形为0.186 mm,最大残余变形均出现在焊接起始位置附近,在焊缝与管座交接的位置。结论 熔池形貌直接影响了热影响区域的大小,拉拔Y型环焊接熔池高度更大,焊接的热影响区域更大;拉拔Y型环焊接残余应力略大于机加工Y型环焊接残余应力;机加工成形环和拉拔成形环焊接残余变形相近。     

浅谈压力容器焊接质量控制

焊接质量对压力容器的寿命和安全运行起着关键作用,对其应加以控制,主要从焊接工艺、焊接材料和焊接检验方面阐述怎样控制。     

高能焊接技术的研究现状及发展

高能束焊具有加热集中、热输入量少、焊接变形小、热影响区小、焊接精度高,适用于难熔金属、热敏感性强的金属焊接等优点。文中对激光束焊接技术、电子束焊接技术、穿孔等离子焊接技术的概况、研究现状以及发展趋势进行了综述。希望对高能束焊接技术的研究现状与应用有一个比较全面的了解。．     

甲板分段焊接变形仿真与控制

采用热弹塑性有限元方法开展了甲板分段焊接数值仿真,基于三维Shell单元和双椭球焊接热源模型获得了结构温度变化和应力场,得到了甲板分段焊接变形及残余应力分布特点,同时探究了纵向和横向型材15种焊接装配顺序以及3种甲板分段拘束形式对残余应力和焊接变形的影响规律。结果表明,所设计的对称交替焊接方法对应的焊接变形最小,即先从船舯向舷侧焊接纵骨,再从中间向两端交替焊接横向桁材,最后从船舯向舷侧焊接纵向桁材;在甲板分段边缘和中心施加压条约束可获得变形控制与工作量的最佳平衡;通过优化焊接顺序和约束方式,可有效实现大型甲板焊接精度控制。     

Characteristics of mechanical properties of materials in studies of conditions of attainment of marginal states

It is shown that conditions of attainment of marginal states in the material of structural components are formulated on the basis of analysis of force and deformation criteria of formation and development of destruction. The parameters of these criteria are data on types of structural materials, standard and special characteristics of their mechanical properties, structural forms of considered elements of the equipment, and their operating stress loading. In this case, the construction of a system of state equations for describing interrelation of current damage, external actions, and responses to them is based on the concept of calculating variations in properties of materials at all stages of the design life cycle.     

Assurance of the Uniformity of Measurements of the Power of Laser Radiation

On the basis of an analysis of the principle underlying the construction of standards and systems designed for reproduction of the unit of mean power and energy of laser radiation, it is shown that these standards consist of unified subsystems that carry the principal metrological load. By means of such a division, it is possible to realize a systems-engineering synthesis of standards with preassigned error. __________ Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 11, pp. 20–23, November, 2005.     

Justification of rheotechnological methods of control of colmatage

Theoretical and experimental investigations of localized structures appearing in filtration of nonlinear viscoplastic drilling fluids are reported. The depth of penetration of mud into a porous medium is shown to be dependent on the rate of change of the pressure on the boundary. This fact has been suggested for use in creation of colmatage barriers that prevent penetration of drilling mud into strata.Central Asia State Scientific-Research and Design Institute of the Gas Industry, Tashkent, Uzbekistan. Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 66, No. 5, pp. 573–579, May, 1994.     

Methods of investigating the solvability of systems of linear equations of thermoanemometry

Use of thermoanemometry for the investigation of turbulent flows often leads to systems of linear equations that are difficult to solve. A numerical method of solution, in which measurement errors are taken into account approximately, is proposed for the investigation of solvability of such systems of equations.Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 30, No. 5, pp. 811–820, May, 1976.     

Estimation of potentialities of methods of summation of direct measurement errors

Conventional methods for summation of direct measurement errors are considered. Conditions under which these methods provide consistent results are stated. It is proposed to utilize for characteristic of the total error, its interval estimator or the half-sum of the value obtained by adding up its arithmetic and geometric random errors.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 4, pp. 10–12, April, 1995.     

Determination of parameters of microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by the method of modeling

The article suggests a method of evaluating the microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by modeling. The method includes the measurement of deformations of metal according to meshes of a dividing grid with small base and the calculation of the distribution parameters of microdeformations in model representation. It is shown that the modeling method makes it possible objectively to evaluate the microinhomogeneity of deformation of metals independently of the chosen mesh size of the dividing grid. New structural characteristics are introduced: the base and wave of variation expressing the degree of crumbling or amalgamation of metal grains by inhomogeneity of deformation.Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 7, pp. 40–44, July, 1991.     

方波幅度的测量不确定度

介绍了用众数法评价方波幅度时的不确定度分析和评价过程;讨论了主要的不确定度来源,包括众数判别区间的影响、波形测量系统幅度测量误差的影响等等;给出了减小不确定度的主要措施,并结合一个实例,给出了方波幅度的不确定度评价结果。     

Assurance of the Uniformity of Measurements of Energy of Short-Pulse Coherent Radiation

Ways of creating unified automatized reference (calibration) and standard measurement equipment for the purpose of developing a subsystem for the assurance of the uniformity of measurements of the energy of short-pulse laser radiation are considered. __________ Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 11, pp. 24–28, November, 2005.     

Evaluation of optical properties of highly scattering media by moments of distributions of times of flight of photons

A novel method for the determination of the optical properties of tissue from time-domain measurements is presented. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of the first moment and the second centralized moment, i.e., the mean time of flight and the variance of the measured distribution of times of flight (DTOF) of photons injected by short (picosecond) laser pulses. Analytical expressions are derived for calculation of absorption and of reduced scattering coefficients from these moments by application of diffusion theory for infinite and semi-infinite homogeneous media. The proposed method was tested on experimental data obtained with phantoms, and results for absorption and reduced scattering coefficients obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by fitting of the same data with analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Furthermore, the accuracy of the moment analysis was investigated for a range of integration limits of the DTOF. The moment analysis may serve as a comparatively fast method for evaluating optical properties with sufficient accuracy and can be used, e.g., for on-line monitoring of optical properties of biological tissue.     

Assessment of intakes of mixtures of radionuclides

Australia has several uranium mines and a large number of mineral sand mines, with associated processing facilities. Exposures resulting from these mining and processing operations usually involve intakes of mixtures of radionuclides. This work describes the development of a suite of first order, linear compartment models, based on the ICRP Publication 66 respiratory tract model, and an analytical solution to the decay equations, for assessing the consequences of such intakes. The computer programs based on these models directly compute excretion, organ retention and organ and whole-body doses for intakes of either single radionuclides or any mixture of radionuclides belonging to the same radioactive decay chain. The intake can be via inhalation, ingestion or injection, and can be acute, chronic or of limited duration. The starting concentration and degree of secular (dis)equilibrium can be specified for each radionuclide. No assumptions need to be made about the relative magnitudes of the radioactive half-lives of the different nuclides.