基于图像匹配-点云融合的建筑物立面三维重建

随着计算机技术的快速发展,基于图像的建筑物三维重建逐渐成为计算机图形学和计算机视觉领域的研究热点之一.由于建筑物图像背景复杂、序列长且杂乱无序,现有的三维重建算法存在耗时长、局部几何细节重建效果差的问题.文中针对这些不足提出了一种基于图像匹配实现点云融合的建筑物立面三维重建算法.首先寻找新添加的建筑物局部图像在原始图像集中的匹配图像,组成规模较小的图像集并重建出局部点云模型,然后通过匹配不同点云模型在同一幅图像上的投影点,找到点云模型之间的一致对应点集,接着求解点云集合之间的最佳对齐变换,实现整体和局部点云模型的融合,最终生成建筑物立面完整的三维模型,实验表明,采用文中算法进行三维重建,可以有效地减少重建时间,提高重建精度.     

基于稀疏图像序列的雕塑点自动云三维重构方法

为了提高对雕塑点稀疏图像的点云三维重建的分析能力,提出一种基于稀疏图像序列的雕塑点自动云三维重构方法,基于稀疏散乱点三维重建和锐化模板特征匹配方法进行图像三维重建。采用三维角点检测和边缘轮廓特征提取方法,进行雕塑点稀疏图像三维点云特征检测,对检测的雕塑点稀疏图像点云数据进行信息融合处理,采用梯度运算方法进行特征分解,实现对雕塑点稀疏图像的信息增强和融合滤波。结合局部均值降噪方法进行图像的提纯处理,提高雕塑点稀疏图像轮廓重建能力,采用锐化模板特征匹配和块分割技术,实现雕塑点自动云三维重构。仿真结果表明,采用该方法进行雕塑点自动云三维重构的准确性较高,图像匹配能力较好,且重构输出信噪比较高。     

基于RGB-D相机的多视角机械零件三维重建

为了低成本且高效的实现对机械零件的三维重建和参数测量,研究了利用RGB-D相机从6个角度拍摄机械零件,获得零件不同角度的深度图像与彩色图像,通过坐标转换将深度图像转换成点云数据。首先利用滤波算法去除点云噪声,分割出机械零部件的点云数据,并利用PCA主成分分析法计算点云数据的法向量;使用最近点迭代算法（ICP）实现相邻三视角点云数据的配准,得到正背面的点云,将正背面点云进行旋转融合得到最终的目标点云数据;最后使用泊松重建算法得到完整闭合的零件三维模型。实验结果表明本文的三维重建方法具有较好的鲁棒性和准确性,重建得到的三维模型细节清晰,点云误差较小。     

乒乓球的三维运动轨迹重建

主要基于图像序列对乒乓球的运动轨迹进行三维重建,并对乒乓球运动形态进行分析.首先对采集的图像进行立体校正,利用颜色识别和改进的霍夫圆检测算法提取出序列图像中乒乓球的圆心坐标;然后根据前后帧图像的特征点坐标差值在时间序列上匹配特征点;最后,利用三角测量法对匹配的特征点进行三维重建,并计算出乒乓球不同时刻的速度和加速度,实现了动态物体的三维运动重建.实验结果表明该三维运动重建方法提高了特征提取的准确性,有效地实现了时间序列上的匹配,获得了物体的三维运动数据.     

基于SFM与深度学习融合的水果体积测量算法

以生活常见的水果作为研究对象，结合SFM对图像序列的深度估计以及神经网络重建三维结构的优点，提出SFM算法融合深度学习三维重建的水果体积测量算法。对单目相机采集的水果多视角图像进行研究，分析图像重建以及估计大小的方法，搭建快速、便捷估计水果实际体积算法框架。使用神经网络快速推理水果结构，解决三维重建构建稠密点云耗时长的缺点，利用多视角图像获取稀疏点云，估计目标尺寸，提高采样的便利性。实验结果表明，该算法能快速重建水果三维模型，实现简单、快速、较精确的水果体积测量。     

基于三视图的自适应加权迭代匹配筛选算法

针对基于三视图的传统三维重建时特征点匹配后保留正确匹配点对数量过少、由图像噪声、拍摄照片时遮挡和震动等因素引起的匹配误差较大等问题,文章提出了一种自适应加权迭代算法,该算法通过给匹配点对加权进行迭代筛选来实现,可以稳定的获得数量较多、结果较准确的匹配点对,从而精确求解三视图空间约束矩阵三焦点张量.实验证明,文章提出自适...     

采用去抖动模糊算法的稠密三维重建

针对无人机在航拍大场景对象进行三维重建时因抖动产生的图像模糊现象,以及二维图像序列经运动恢复结构SFM后得到的点云较为稀疏,可视化差等不足,采用去抖动模糊算法恢复模糊图像的原始图像信息,然后在运动恢复结构的基础上进行基于点云的稠密三维重建,最后对稠密重建后的点云进行泊松表面重建以得到表面致密、均匀的三维模型。实验结果表明,去抖动模糊算法可以有效地提高图像的质量,大场景对象经过基于点云的稠密三维重建后得到的重建效果逼真,可视化强。     

基于未标定图像的三维重建算法

提出一种基于多幅未标定图像的三维重建算法。在标记点匹配的基础上进行射影重建,通过施加度量约束将射影重建升级为欧氏重建,即利用未标定的透视图像恢复相机的内、外部参数以及标记点的三维空间坐标,实现场景的三维重建。标记点易于进行点对精确匹配,较手动拾取匹配提高了效率。实验结果表明,利用该算法能够大幅减小再投影误差。     

三维重建中的点云配准方法研究

对序列点云拼接实现三维场景重建的方法进行研究,在重建方法中引入体积空间映射方法,有效地去除了拼接结果中的重复点、并填补了空洞.提出了改进的ICP算法和体积空间融合算法相结合的三维重建方法.实验证明该方法能有效地提高拼接结果的精度.     

基于先验知识的单视图三维点云重建算法研究

单幅图像的三维重建是一个不适定问题,由于图像与三维模型间存在的表示模式差异,通常存在物体自遮挡、低光照、多类对象等情况,针对目前单幅图像三维模型重建中重建模型具有歧义性的问题,提出了一种基于先验信息指导的多几何角度约束的三维点云模型重建方法。首先,通过预训练三维点云自编码器获得先验知识,并最小化输入图像特征向量与点云特征向量的差异,使得输入图像特征分布逼近点云特征分布;然后,利用可微投影模块将图像的三维点云表示形式从不同视角投影到二维平面;最后,通过最小化投影图与数据集中真实投影图的差异,优化初始重建点云。在ShapeNet和Pix3D数据集上与其他方法的定量定性比较结果表明了该方法的有效性。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.