基于单一相位模板的带状光纤上多波长阵列光纤光栅刻写工艺研究

设计了一种带状光纤上阵列光纤光栅刻写系统,仅利用一块相位掩模板,即实现8芯带纤上阵列光纤布拉格光栅的刻写.使用自行设计的带纤夹具夹持带纤,电控位移平台对带纤整体施加拉伸力,采用相位掩模工艺对光纤逐根曝光,并同时以扫描写入的方法进行汉明切趾.刻栅过程由电脑编程控制,中心波长、波长间隔以及切趾方式可以灵活调整.测试结果表明,刻写完成的阵列光纤布拉格光栅3 dB带宽为0.2 nm、波长间隔为0.5 nm、波长偏差小于±50 pm、反射率达到80％～85％.     

飞秒激光刻写FBG实现3.2kW单模光纤振荡器

采用飞秒激光相位模板动态刻写技术,在非载氢大模场双包层光纤（纤芯直径/内包层直径为20μm/400μm）上制备了中心波长约为1080 nm的光纤布拉格光栅对。高反射光纤布拉格光栅的反射率大于99%,低反射光纤布拉格光栅的反射率约为10%。利用这对光纤布拉格光栅搭建了高功率全光纤激光振荡器,实现了3.2 kW近单模激光输出,光束质量（M²）约为1.28,斜率效率约为77.9%。这是国内飞秒激光刻写的光纤布拉格光栅首次实现千瓦级以上的激光输出,研究结果对高功率光纤布拉格光栅的制备和高功率光纤振荡器的发展都有重要的意义。     

基于飞秒激光直写FBG的C+L波段掺铒光纤激光器

提出并设计了一种基于飞秒激光直写制备光纤布拉格光栅阵列的C+L波段掺铒光纤激光器,实现了波长可切换的单波长及双波长激光输出。采用飞秒激光透过聚酰亚胺光纤保护层在纤芯直写的方法,分别实现周期为538、542、547 nm的光纤布拉格光栅刻写,单个光栅栅区长度3 000 m。作为选频器件的光栅阵列反射波长分别为1 555.5、1 569.6、1 583.8 nm;选用长度为3 m的C波段和10 m的L波段掺铒光纤组合作为激光器增益介质,结合泵浦源、光纤布拉格光栅偏振控制器及宽带全反镜构成线形腔结构光纤激光器。实验结果表明:激光器工作阈值为35 mW,通过调节偏振控制器能够实现1 555.4、1 569、1 583.2 nm单波长激光可切换输出,激光3 dB线宽0.05 nm,边模抑制比大于35 dB;实验中分别对单波长激光的光谱稳定性进行了测试,10 min内最大功率波动小于0.98 dB;通过调节偏振控制器可分别实现1 569、1 583.2 nm以及1 555.4、1 569 nm双波长激光同时输出,在10 min监测时间内,输出激光功率变化分别小于1.14 dB和4.48 dB。     

超短光纤光栅刻写及其切趾方法研究

常用的光纤光栅的栅区长度为厘米量级,影响了其在非均匀物理场测量的应用。将光栅的栅区长度压缩到百微米以下,可以解决非均匀场的测量和光谱变形的问题。本文通过设置狭缝光阑以及调节掩模板与光纤之间的距离,实现了光栅有效长度的大幅度缩短,刻写出长度分别为0.1 mm、0.2 mm、0.5 mm,3 dB带宽为7.9 nm、4.2 nm、2.1 nm,反射率为5%、10%、30%的超短光栅,通过调节掩模板与光纤的距离,实现了栅区长度为0.05 mm,3 dB带宽为14 nm的超短光纤光栅的刻写。本实验采用单缝衍射的方法来控制光束强度的分布,从而对光栅进行切趾,此方法可以实现边模抑制比大于30 dB、长度为0.5 mm的光栅刻写。     

Bragg波长精确调控的光纤光栅刻写方法与实验

利用光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)的轴向应力特性,用同一块相位模板,刻写了Bragg波长分别为1072.955 nm,1071.516 nm,1070.917 nm,1069.863 nm,1068.298 nm的五支光纤光栅。而后对实验数据进行数据拟合得到拉力与刻写出的光纤光栅中心波长之间的关系。得到的实验拟合曲线与理论曲线十分相近。本文方法具有实现简单、设计灵活和成本低的优点,有很好的应用价值。     

纤芯包层复合结构FBG的光谱特性仿真研究

针对纤芯包层复合结构光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)制备难度较大的问题,文章首先分析了复合结构FBG的结构特征,然后从光纤耦合模理论出发,利用Rsoft结合Matlab软件分别模拟了单独存在的纤芯、包层光栅以及复合结构光栅的反射光谱,并且通过改变光栅周期、栅区长度以及调制深度,对复合结构FBG的反射光谱特性进行了仿真分析。仿真结果表明,光栅周期为541 nm并固定其他参数时,单独的纤芯与包层光栅中心反射波长分别为1 563.4和1 558.0 nm,复合结构光栅获得了具有相同中心波长的双峰反射光谱;复合结构光栅的光栅周期、光栅长度和调制深度会对反射谱的中心波长、强度与半高宽度造成规律性的影响。研究结果可以给光栅刻写与应用提供参考与理论支撑。     

基于逐点法刻写的偏芯光纤布拉格光栅应变和温度传感研究

为解决当前光纤光栅制备灵活性较低,以及测量 中不利于实现分布式波分复用的问题,提出了一 种于基于逐点法刻写的偏芯光纤布拉格光栅传感器(eccentric fiber Bragg grating,EFBG)。采用飞秒激光(femtosecond laser,FSL)逐 点刻写技术,光栅刻写位置垂直偏离光纤中心3 μm,光栅长度为5 mm,光栅中心波长为1 633 nm。不 同于传统光纤光栅,偏芯结构的光栅可以激发出较宽的包层模共振范围,通过分析包层模共 振峰的波长 漂移量,表征施加的应变大小或温度高低。实验结果表明,应变测量范围在0—5 00 με时,包层模灵敏度为 0.98 pm/με,温度测量范围在30—80 ℃时, 包层模灵敏度为10.89 pm/℃,并且包层模灵敏度相比芯模灵敏 度数值相差较小,从而可以实现应变或温度的传感测量。     

振幅采样结合相位采样的线性啁啾光纤光栅理论与实验研究

为了增加可调谐光纤激光器的调谐带宽,需要一种具有大信道间隔、大的总带宽、各信道的峰值反射率在带内保持均匀而在带外迅速下降的多信道滤波器.提出了一种基于光纤光栅大信道间隔的多信道滤波器实现方法,采用了振幅采样结合相位采样的线性啁啾光纤光栅,基于矩形函数的采样形式,不需要作单个采样的切趾.用所提出方法可以实现一块模板设计任意信道间隔的光纤光栅.通过理论和实验结果的对比,该设计方法得到很好的验证.     

耐高温光纤布拉格光栅阵列在线制备与性能研究

提出了一种耐高温光纤布拉格光栅阵列（FBGA）的制备方法。通过在拉丝塔上以聚酰亚胺作为涂层材料，利用相位掩模版技术和单脉冲在线刻写光栅，经过多次涂敷、烘干以及最后酰亚胺化，成功得到涂层直径为145～150μm，中心波长范围为（1551.35±0.1） nm，反射率为0.06%，传输损耗为1.601 dB/km@1550 nm的聚酰亚胺涂层光纤布拉格光栅阵列（PI-FBGA）。然后对PI-FBGA的热稳定性和可靠性进行研究，结果表明，在线制备的PI-FBGA具有良好的热稳定性及可靠性，能够在300℃以下长期使用，300～400℃可短期使用。该传感光纤的成功制备扩大了常规在线弱光栅阵列的应用范围，在石油化工、环境监测、航空航天等领域具有广阔的应用前景。     

全光纤转动拉曼激光雷达的光纤光栅分光技术研究?

设计了一款由可见光波段的光纤布喇格光栅和光纤耦合器构建的全光纤转动拉曼激光雷达分光系统。利用相位掩模板侧向成功刻写530 nm波段光纤布喇格光栅,并初步测试其透射谱和反射谱性能。为提高光纤光栅中心波长与大气氮气分子转动拉曼谱线的匹配特性,利用悬臂梁设计高调谐灵敏度的调谐系统。实验结果表明,成功研制的可见光波段光纤布喇格光栅其反射率约为95%,带宽约为0.3 nm,应力调谐系统可实现± 0.6 nm范围18 pm/r 的波长调谐。     

多波长啁啾光纤光栅叠栅的数值分析和设计

为了研究多波长啁啾光纤光栅叠栅的反射和时延特性,提出多波长啁啾光纤光栅叠栅的耦合模理论方法,得到波长间隔Δλ=1.6nm的4波长和8波长的啁啾叠栅的反射谱和时延特性的数值分析结果,并设计了波长间隔Δλ=0.4nm的8波长的啁啾叠栅,数值分析结果与实验结果非常一致.结果表明,多波长啁啾光纤光栅叠栅的耦合模理论是可靠的,可用来分析其各种特性,此方法对多波长啁啾叠栅的设计和制作具有重要的参考价值.     

Modified Talbot interferometer for fabrication of fiber-opticgrating filter over a wide range of Bragg wavelength and bandwidth usinga single phase mask

A technique involving a compact apparatus that combines the phase mask and two-beam interferometric techniques is presented. It involves the use of a phase mask to diffract the ultraviolet (UV) beam and a cylindrical lens combined with a pair of mirrors to produce two symmetric virtual line sources of UV light. Bragg wavelength and bandwidth of the fiber gratings can be controlled with a simple translation of the fiber and/or the phase mask. Using a 40-mw continuous-wave frequency-doubled argon-ion laser at 244 mm and a single phase mask, a series of chirped fiber gratings with the Bragg wavelength in a wide range around 600 nm and 1300 nm are fabricated in hydrogen-loaded ordinary fibers     

A novel dual-wavelength fiber Bragg grating and its application in fiber ring laser

A novel method for fabricating dual-wavelength fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) by using one phase mask is developed. The method is based on a double-exposure technique. Our technique lends itself to writing gratings with controllable reflectivity and separation of two Bragg wavelengths. A grating with two equal transmission peaks of 20.25 dB is obtained by this method and the separation of the two Bragg wavelengths is about 0.8 nm. With the grating, we demonstrate a dual-wavelength erbium-doped fiber ring laser whose interval of the two peaks is 0.8 nm. The laser's peak powers can get 3.1 mW above and have a good stability.     

Long-phase error-free fiber Bragg gratings

Stitching errors in the phase mask degrade the spectral response of fiber Bragg gratings fabricated with the phase mask technique. We successfully fabricated a stitching error-free phase mask and applied it to the fabrication of fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs). The gratings have no observable excess sidelobes in the reflectivity and show excellent wavelength selectivity     

Tuning Bragg wavelength by writing gratings on prestrained fibers

Bragg gratings at a specific wavelength are made using an excimer KrF laser and a phase mask. The wavelength can be varied for fine tuning and multiplexing applications by straining the optical fiber during UV illumination. When the strain is removed, the grating formed is at a smaller wavelength than that dictated by the phase mask for the unstrained fiber. This technique was demonstrated by writing two gratings located at the same point in the optical fiber. The transmission from the first grating was used as a means for in situ absolute wavelength tuning. The second grating made with approximately 0.2% axial strain was at 1534.54 nm. Once the grating was made, the strain was removed from the fiber leaving the second grating tuned to 1532.04 nm, a wavelength shift of 2.5 nm     

多波长掺铒光纤激光放大器的放大特性研究

为了研究多波长掺铒光纤激光放大器的放大特性,在单频放大器的基础上,忽略放大自发辐射,推导了描述多波长掺铒双包层光纤放大器的稳态速率方程组,建立了多波长掺铒光纤放大器的理论模型。利用该模型对单波长放大、双波长放大、四波长放大的特性,进行了数值模拟和理论分析;以四波长的激光信号放大为例,对多波长掺铒光纤放大器的放大特性,均衡增益特性进行了研究。结果表明,在单波长注入情况下,光纤放大器的掺杂光纤存在最佳光纤长度为8m;与小信号放大不同,大功率掺铒光纤放大器在1530nm~1560nm之间增益谱趋于平坦;双波长放大输出功率差随着波长间隔的增加线性增大波长间隔为20nm时,通过调节输入信号功率比可以实现最大功率差6.855W的功率均衡补偿;四波长放大时,通过信号功率配比之后的四波长激光输出功率最大偏差为0.28W,在一定范围内实现了均衡增益。这一结果对于掺铒光纤激光的多波长激光输出以及在激光多普勒测风雷达中的应用具有一定帮助。     

Tunable and narrow linewidth multi-wavelength Brill- ouin-erbium fiber laser using dual-wavelength pumping

We demonstrate a multi-wavelength Brillouin-erbium fiber laser (BEFL) with narrow linewidth and tunable wavelength interval using dual-wavelength Brillouin pumping. The generation of multi-wavelength output in BEFL is based on the combination of stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) and four-wave mixing (FWM) effect in a fiber cavity. The tunable wavelength interval is determined by the artificially controlled wavelength interval of the pumping lasers. The BEFL could compress a 1 MHz pump laser to a 340 Hz Brillouin Stokes laser, which proves the BEFL has excellent capability of linewidth compression. An erbium-doped fiber pumped by 980 nm laser is inserted into the cavity to further amplify the Brillouin laser. The wideband multi-wavelength BEFL covering over 50 nm is successfully generated when the 980 nm pump power is 400 mW. These features of multi-wavelength BEFL provide an effective method for optical communication systems and optical fiber sensing.     

8-wavelength DBR laser array fabricated with a single-step Bragggrating printing technique

An 8-wavelength distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) array for narrow channel wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) has been fabricated with a new technique for printing first-order Bragg gratings using a phase mask and a conventional incoherent source. All the distributed gratings were printed in a single photolithographic step with a slightly modified mask aligner. The DBR's excellent wavelength control for channels separated by as little as 0.8 nm is described. Many advanced photonic devices relying on gratings like quarter-wave shifted distributed feedback (DFB) lasers and wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) components can potentially be manufactured with this technique in a simple and cost-effective way     

A four-element fiber grating sensor array with phase-sensitivedetection

A four-element, time-division multiplexed, fiber grating sensor array operating between the wavelengths of 1280 and 1310 nm was constructed and tested. The array consists of a 1300-nm edge-emitting LED that illuminates four gratings spaced five meters apart. Each grating in the array reflects a spectrally narrow-band (0.3-0.5 mn) wavelength region. Measurand-induced changes in the grating period change the wavelength of the light reflected by each grating. The wavelength shifts are converted to phase changes by routing the reflected signal through a nearly path balanced fiber Mach Zehnder interferometer. The minimum detectable strain was measured to be as low as 2 nanostrain/√(Hz) for frequencies greater than 10 Hz