电网中断下基于DWOA的生鲜产品闭环供应链网络多目标模糊优化设计

针对生鲜产品供应链网络设计问题,建立了一种电网中断下的闭环生鲜供应链网络多目标模糊优化设计模型,以此解决供应链网络设计中的不确定性问题.首先,针对电网中断下生鲜产品闭环供应链网络结构设计,建立目标为成本最小、碳排放最少、中断时间最短的优化函数,采用Me测度和三角模糊数对该模型进行处理,将多目标问题转换为单目标问题;其次,在原有鲸鱼算法的基础上,引入差分算法的交叉和变异理念,增强其搜索能力,改善其局限性,得到改进差分鲸鱼优化算法(DWOA),并采用此方法对处理后的模型求解;最后,通过数值实例和敏感性分析表明,提出的算法和模型在处理生鲜产品供应链网络优化设计方面具有较强的求解能力,且计算时间较短.     

基于配送收益均衡的多目标绿色车辆路径优化算法

针对电商平台物流中的碳排放成本较大以及配送过程中配送员收益不均衡的情况,为满足平台减少物流成本和人力成本的需求,提高车辆配送效率,降低碳排放量,实现低碳绿色出行,研究带有时间窗、配送收益均衡的多目标绿色车辆路径规划问题,并设计混合智能求解算法.首先,建立基于行驶速度的燃油消耗、基于模糊客户满意度的惩罚成本和配送收益均衡函数,构建以最小化燃油消耗量、惩罚成本和配送收益方差为目标的多目标绿色车辆路径模型;然后,将变邻域搜索算子融入NSGA-II算法,设计求解上述模型的多目标进化优化算法,以提高算法的寻优性能;最后,选择Solomon中的18个测试数据集进行实验,通过与2个模型和3种算法的超体积值和knee点值进行对比,验证所提出模型的可行性和算法的有效性,为降低碳排放量、实现低碳绿色出行提供新方案.     

考虑道路扩建的区域物流网络设计优化模型

通过对区域物流网络中边、点上费用、容量、流量等的分析,结合实际问题中对道路扩建和物流设施容量设计决策的需要,构建基于物流时间需求的区域物流网络设计数学模型。模型以最小化物流网络构建成本、初期运营成本和物流时间需求惩罚成本为目标,基于网络中物流量的特征给出了约束条件,分析模型的特点开发了改进的拉格朗日松弛算法并予以求解。计算机软件对模型和算法的仿真给出了物流网络构建中各项成本之间的关系,验证了模型和算法的有效性和实用性。     

考虑交通拥堵的冷链物流城市配送的GVRP研究

针对目前研究冷链物流车辆路径问题多未考虑交通拥堵对运营成本的影响,将道路拥堵因素融入到冷链物流绿色车辆路径（Green Vehicle Routing Problem）优化数学模型中。兼顾经济成本和环境成本,在时变网络下综合考虑冷链物流中车辆管理成本、运输能耗成本、货损成本、制冷成本以及客户需求时间窗的惩罚成本,同时引入运输和制冷过程中产生的碳排放成本,统筹安排车辆路径,使得物流企业整体运营成本最低,更绿色环保。在此基础上根据模型特点设计改进蚁群算法进行求解,用实例对模型和算法进行仿真,验证该模型和方法可以有效地规避拥堵时段,降低配送成本,促进物流企业的节能减排,可以为物流企业冷链配送路径决策提供良好的参考依据。     

面向网购的低碳供应链设计模型及其应用分析

针对网购中的低碳供应链网络设计问题,利用凹函数对碳排放成本、物流成本和配送中心固定成本之和进行最小化建模.由于该模型不能被直接求解,首先,应用拉格朗日松弛法将其分解成单一供应商选址和凹背包两个问题,在此基础上提出了基于子问题求解的拉格朗日启发式算法;然后,从供应链网络运营成本和供应链网络设计两个方面进行应用分析.结果表明,考虑碳排放成本的供应链设计能够优化网购环境下低碳供应链资源的配置.     

铁路快捷货运班列轴幅式服务网络设计优化

为了使铁路快捷货物运输更加适应物流化的需求,研究轴幅式网络下铁路物流基地站间快捷货运班列服务网络设计问题.以固定成本、变动成本和惩罚成本最小为目标,构建单目标混合整数线性规划模型,同时囊括客户送达时间和班列服务等级要求,以及铁路线路通过能力限制,并结合模型特点和问题规模,设计遗传算法求解模型.最后,通过切实案例验证了模型和算法的有效性.算例结果表明,所提出的模型和算法可有效地描述和求解实际问题,同时,基于轴幅式网络的服务网络设计思路和方法对铁路快捷货物运输组织有一定的借鉴意义.     

基于改进遗传算法的生鲜多目标闭环物流网络模型

针对生鲜产品闭环物流网络中存在的经济成本高、碳排放量大、社会效益重视不足等问题,综合考虑退货量的不确定性,以经济成本最小、碳排放最小、社会效益最大为目标,建立了不确定条件下的生鲜多目标闭环物流网络模型。首先,利用改进的遗传算法(GA)求解该模型;然后,结合上海某生鲜企业运营管理数据,验证了模型的可行性;最后,将改进的GA的结果与粒子群优化(PSO)算法的结果对比,验证了算法的有效性,凸显了改进的GA在求解多目标的复杂约束问题时的优越性。算例结果表明,多目标优化满意度达到0.92,高于单目标优化满意度,展示了所提模型的有效性。     

考虑客户聚类与产品回收的两级闭环物流网络选址-路径优化

针对目前不合理的废旧产品回收以及物流活动产生的碳排放污染，提出了一种考虑客户聚类与产品回收的两级闭环物流网络选址-路径优化模型。首先，结合实际物流网络的动态性假设客户需求量和回收率的不确定性特征，以最小运营成本和最小环境影响为目标建立选址-路径优化模型；其次，对多目标进化算法进行改进，提出了考虑客户聚类结果的两级物流设施选址-路径问题求解算法；最后，对该优化算法进行算法性能分析，并以重庆市某企业为例进行了模型和算法验证。结果表明，所建立的模型和算法能有效降低决策难度并提高物流系统的运作效率，所求出的优化方案能减少物流运作成本和降低物流运输过程对环境的影响。     

考虑时效性和品质性满意度约束的易腐品冷链物流配送

针对易腐品冷链配送环节存在的成本高、碳排放量大、客户满意度低等问题,从易腐品配送的时效性和品质性两方面度量客户满意度,并以此为约束考虑配送过程中的固定成本、运输成本、货损成本、制冷成本、惩罚成本以及碳排放成本,构建以总成本最小为目标的易腐品冷链配送车辆路径优化模型,设计改进遗传算法求解优化模型,分析求解算法的复杂度.数值实验结果表明,所设计的求解算法总能获得总成本更低、产品新鲜度更高以及碳排放量更少的配送方案,同时表明改进的遗传算法相比于传统遗传算法在成本节约以及客户满意度提高方面具有一定优势,在一定程度上验证了所建模型的合理性及求解算法的有效性.     

考虑蓄意攻击的第三方物流多周期可靠性网络设计

研究多周期环境下的第三方物流(3PL) 可靠性网络设计问题, 并考虑蓄意攻击中断. 建立多层的3PL 可靠性网络设计模型. 网络优化模型在满足可靠性约束条件下优化各周期的网络结构, 包括物流设施的开设和运输量的确定, 使网络总成本最小. 蓄意攻击模型优化各周期的攻击策略使网络服务水平最低. 根据问题模型的特点, 设计改进的两层分布估计算法, 上层分布估计算法求解多周期3PL 网络设计模型, 下层分布估计算法求解多周期攻击模型. 最后, 通过仿真实验表明了模型的合理性和算法的有效性.

     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.