基于弧不相交着色树的多链路故障恢复方法

为实现网络多链路故障快速恢复,提出一种基于弧不相交着色树重路由的恢复方法。通过改进着色树机制,建立弧不相交着色树生成模型,提出一种改进的布谷鸟算法,引入动态调整步长操作降低陷入局部极值的概率,优化着色树求解。仿真实验表明,该方法不仅能够实现网络多链路故障的完全覆盖,还可获得较短的恢复路径。     

基于业务类型的网络切片可靠性映射算法

网络切片是5G网络的基础架构技术,为在多个切片共享同一底层网络资源的同时保证切片的可靠性,提出一种区分业务类型的网络切片可靠性映射算法,解决底层网络链路故障、网络切片可靠性与资源利用率相互矛盾的问题。通过区分切片承载业务类型,对高可靠低时延切片请求的链路提前构建备份路径,并采用基于最大生成树链路的备份资源共享保护方法,对高带宽切片请求则采用基于链路可靠性的重映射算法恢复故障链路。仿真结果验证了该算法的有效性,与SVNE1+1和DPS-VNRA算法相比,其在切片成功运行率、长期收益开销比、物理链路利用率和故障恢复率方面均具有优势。     

基于拥塞及内存感知的SD-WAN故障恢复

在软件定义广域网(SD-WAN)中, 链路故障会导致大量丢包, 严重时会引起部分网络瘫痪. 现有的流量工程方法通过在数据平面提前安装备份路径能够加快故障恢复过程, 但在资源受限的情况下难以适应各种网络故障情况, 从而使恢复后的网络性能下降. 为了保证网络在故障恢复之后的性能并减少备份资源的消耗, 本文提出一种基于拥塞及内存感知的主动式故障恢复方案(CAMA), 不仅能够将受影响数据流进行快速重定向, 还能实现负载均衡避免恢复后潜在的链路拥塞. 实验结果表明, 与已有方案相比, CAMA能有效利用备份资源, 在负载均衡上有较好的性能, 且仅需少量备份规则即可覆盖所有单链路故障情况.     

一种基于MPLS网络的快速故障恢复算法

现有的MPLS故障恢复方案存在不同的性能问题:Makam方案需要提前建立备份路径,浪费了大量网络资源;简单动态方案动态建立备份路径,资源利用率高,但是需要等待路由表收敛,恢复时间长,造成大量丢包.针对这些不足,提出了一种基于MPLS网络的快速故障恢复算法MBFR.MBFR算法在故障发生以后建立备份路径,但是不需要等待路由表收敛,只需根据PIL中信源树和当前故障信息就可以快速计算出备份路径,既不浪费网络资源,又缩小了恢复时间.仿真实验结果验证了MBFR算法的优越性.     

PLS流量工程故障恢复路径算法

提出一种适合MPLS保护切换和再路由--备份路径预有效恢复机制的备份路径优化算法.该算法引入故障说明,针对指定的保护对象计算恢复路径,同时,对链路的带宽进行分割,在链路可用带宽中指定备份路径可用带宽.通过算法优化,备份路径可以充分利用工作路径上的资源,降低带宽资源消耗,在保证网络提供连续服务能力的同时,提高网络资源的利用率,优化网络的运行性能.     

一种基于流聚合与拥塞避免的SDN快速故障恢复方案

针对主动式故障恢复方案会忽略备份路径的TCAM存储资源消耗和故障恢复后的拥塞问题，提出一种基于流聚合与拥塞避免的SDN快速故障恢复方案FACAR。FACAR是一种具有拥塞感知、低存储开销的主动式快速故障恢复方案，将通过同一链路的流视作一个或几个聚合流，并为这些聚合流提前配置保护路径。将FACAR方案形式化表示为一个整数线性规划问题，然后提出一种基于贪心的启发式算法ILP-FACAR以求解最少配置备份转发规则的数量。实验结果表明，FACAR可以满足单链路故障后的快速恢复需求，而且相比于其他故障恢复方法，FACAR可以保证在故障恢复后的网络中无链路拥塞问题，且大大减少了备份流规则的TCAM资源消耗。     

面向IP快速路径切换的OSPF冗余路径算法

在IP网络中,当某链路或者节点发生故障时,通过路由协议的收敛来绕开故障的链路或节点.对OSPF路由协议,这个时间至少为5秒,期间经过故障节点或链路的流量将会被丢弃,绝大多数的应用可以承受这种程度的延迟.但是,对延迟敏感的应用如VoIP而言,这种量级的延迟是很难为用户所接受的.基于现有的OSPF路由协议的最短路径树(SPT)算法,提出一种支持IP快速重路由的多冗余路径树计算算法.算法计算除最短路径外至少一条不相交无环备份路径,保证在最短路径的链路或节点故障时,通过快速切换到备份路径,以提高IP网络的故障收敛时间.     

MPLS网络下基于兄弟节点备份的聚合多播故障恢复方案

提出一种基于兄弟节点备份的MPLS聚合多播故障恢复方案SBAMM,一方面,能够以快而准的方式绕过单链路和单节点故障,另一方面扩大了保护范围;最后优化了保护树的开销。另外,由于该方案是基于MPLS网络提出的,此方案也具有MPLS所具有的优点。结果分析表明,此方案具有更好的保护率、减低多播分发树的开销等优势。     

节点与链路协同映射的生存性虚拟光网络映射算法

针对弹性光网络中单链路故障问题,提出一种基于匈牙利算法求解链路映射方案的节点与链路协同映射保护算法CMST-HA。将虚拟网络请求的节点与链路分别划分为主动类型与被动类型,把主动类型节点映射至邻接链路频谱资源丰富且邻接节点计算资源充足的物理节点上,在主动链路时使用匈牙利算法求解出最小映射开销方案并完成映射,确定被动节点的映射位置,利用KSP算法为被动链路选择映射路径,在此基础上为虚拟网络请求的最小生成树链路提供备份路径。仿真结果表明,与RVNM、CMST算法相比,CMST-HA算法不仅能够降低虚拟网络请求阻塞率,而且可增加物理网络收益。     

面向共享风险链路组故障恢复的多路径路由生成算法

为了在IP层恢复网络共享风险链路组(SRLG)故障,提出一种基于改进人工蜂群算法的网络多路径路由生成算法.针对SRLG故障特点建立多路径路由生成模型,最后通过改进人工蜂群算法求解.仿真验证该方法不仅可以生成满足SRLG约束的备用路径,还可以增强故障恢复能力、降低算法复杂度、缩短重路由的平均路径长度.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.