基于有理Bézier曲面生成组合混沌序列的图像加密算法

提出一种基于有理Bézier曲面生成组合混沌映射的图像加密算法.首先通过秘钥序列生成多个Logistic混沌系统的初值,进而生成多个混沌序列;利用有理Bézier曲面将这些混沌序列生成组合混沌矩阵;其次,对原图像和组合混沌矩阵进行按位异或运算;最后,利用组合混沌矩阵生成混沌地址集合,利用混沌地址集合做置乱运算.该算法的优点是不论扩散运算还是置乱运算均采用组合混沌序列进行操作.数字实验表明,该算法加密与恢复效果良好,具有较好的安全性.     

基于改进Logistic映射的混沌图像加密算法

经典Logistic映射存在系统参数范围受限、混沌序列分布不均等问题。对Logistic映射进行改进并将其应用于图像加密中,设计一种置乱与扩散同时操作的图像加密算法。对经典Logistic映射增加模运算并对其所生成序列进行二进制比特重排,利用改进Logistic映射生成具有更好混沌特性的伪随机序列并用于加密系统的置乱和扩散阶段。将所生成的伪随机矩阵与明文图像矩阵进行异或操作以实现明文图像预加密。在此基础上,采取置乱与扩散同时操作的策略以置乱和扩散预加密后的图像从而得到密文图像。安全性分析及实验结果表明,该算法具有良好的加密性能和安全性,可以抵抗暴力攻击、差分攻击等常见攻击。     

基于多混沌系统的多图像加密算法

针对多幅图像在传输中的安全性问题, 本文提出了一种基于多混沌系统的多图像加密算法. 首先, 利用离散小波变换对多幅图像进行预处理, 得到一幅拼接的大图像; 接着, 利用logistic-sine-cosine (LSC)映射生成混沌序列, 进而生成用于置乱的矩阵O对像素位置进行置乱; 最后, 采用超混沌Lorenz系统生成四维混沌序列, 利用其对置乱后的图像进行双向扩散和行列置乱, 获得最终密文图像. 所提算法加解密过程简单, 执行效率高. 实验结果经多方面分析后得出该算法的密钥空间大, 可以抵御多种攻击手段, 具有较好的加密效果和安全性.     

基于Logistic映射与排序变换的图像加密算法

提出了一种新的基于混沌映射与排序变换的图像加密算法。混沌序列具有容易生成、对初始条件敏感以及具备白噪声的统计特性等优点。该算法利用混沌映射对初值的敏感性和伪随机性,通过对生成的混沌序列排序来得到图像置乱的地址变换码,由于排序的不规则性,因此新的混沌图像置乱算法具有较强的保密性能。通过对该算法的置乱性能分析并进行仿真实验,结果表明,新算法具有良好的图像加密性能。     

基于混沌序列的图像分块加密方法

为了提高图像的加密效果和加密效率,给出一种新的图像置乱加密算法。首先把一幅大的图像分解为适当大小的子块图像,给定适当的初始值和参数,以此作为密码生成混沌序列,再生成该混沌序列的主遍历矩阵,并以此矩阵对块进行置乱;然后再选择另一对初始值和参数生成混沌序列,并以该混沌序列的主遍历矩阵对每图像子块进行置乱加密。该算法的加密效果和加密速度明显优于Arnold、幻方等变换,该算法是一个有效的、实用的图像加密算法。     

基于Logistic映射与排序变换的图像加密算法

提出了一种新的基于混沌映射与排序变换的图像加密算法。混沌序列具有容易生成、对初始条件敏感以及具备白噪声的统计特性等优点。该算法利用混沌映射对初值的敏感性和伪随机性，通过对生成的混沌序列排序来得到图像置乱的地址变换码，由于排序的不规则性，因此新的混沌图像置乱算法具有较强的保密性能。通过对该算法的置乱性能分析并进行仿真实验，结果表明，新算法具有良好的图像加密性能。     

基于混沌序列的图像分块加密方法

为了提高图像的加密效果和加密效率,给出一种新的图像置乱加密算法。首先把一幅大的图像分解为适当大小的子块图像,给定适当的初始值和参数,以此作为密码生成混沌序列,再生成该混沌序列的主遍历矩阵,并以此矩阵对块进行置乱;然后再选择另一对初始值和参数生成混沌序列,并以该混沌序列的主遍历矩阵对每图像子块进行置乱加密。该算法的加密效果和加密速度明显优于Arnold、幻方等变换,该算法是一个有效的、实用的图像加密算法。     

一种改进的基于排序变换的图像全局置乱算法

利用混沌系统的类随机性、遍历性以及对参数以系统初值极端敏感的特点,提出了一种改进的基于混沌系统的图像全局置乱算法,并给出了算法的详细实现步骤。该算法利用混沌系统产生图像全局置乱矩阵,实现了在图像整体上的置乱,相比基于排序变换的图像置乱算法,具有良好的置乱性能。同时,由于该算法具有较低的时间复杂度,而全局置乱矩阵又显示出排列的强不规则性,因此,该混沌图像全局置乱算法具有较好的安全保密性能。最后,仿真和实验结果验证了本算法的有效性。     

对“一种超混沌图像加密算法的安全性分析及其改进”的选择明文攻击

针对一种改进的超混沌图像加密算法进行攻击.该算法利用超混沌系统对像素矩阵的初等变换实现像素置乱,并将像素置乱后的矩阵与超混沌系统的不同组合进行异或运算实现图像扩散.由于该算法采用易被攻击的矩阵初等变换和异或运算的加密措施,使其很难抵抗各种攻击.选择三个各具特点的明文矩阵,在未知加密密钥的前提下对该算法进行选择明文攻击.仿真结果表明对该算法实现了选择明文攻击.     

结合超混沌系统和Logistic映射的视频图像加密算法

对视频图像使用传统的单幅图像加密算法,容易出现算法耗时长、效率低等问题。为提高视频图像加密效率,通过使用细胞神经网络（CNN）超混沌系统和Logistic混沌映射,提出一种单帧逐一加密和多帧组合加密相结合的算法。根据视频帧使用SHA-256生成Logistic初值,经过Logistic映射迭代得到Logistic混沌序列,利用生成的混沌序列对视频帧逐帧扩散。将视频帧以二进制的形式组合成一个矩阵,把根据组合矩阵产生的初值代入CNN超混沌系统,利用得到的混沌序列对组合矩阵进行置乱,视频所有帧各像素点扩散、置乱一步完成,从而缩短加密时间。在此基础上,将组合矩阵重新分解为单帧图像,得到最终加密的视频图像。实验结果表明,在算法中使用高维超混沌系统安全性更高,能够有效缩短加密视频图像的耗时,且能抵抗统计攻击、差分攻击和暴力攻击,具有较好的安全性。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.