基于机器视觉的VVT发动机转子缺陷检测系统设计

针对目前工业生产线上的VVT（variable valve timing,可变气门正时）发动机转子存在尺寸误差和外观缺陷等问题,大多数工厂采用人工方式来测量尺寸和检测缺陷,但人工测量和检测的精度易受外部环境和主观意识的影响,从而产生过检和漏检。为此,设计了一种基于机器视觉的VVT发动机转子缺陷检测系统。首先,针对VVT发动机转子凸台外边缘磕碰点对外径测量的干扰,提出一种基于梯度特征和位置序列的磕碰点检测算法,先通过分析轮廓点的距离-位置序列、梯度-位置序列曲线来筛选并去除凸台外边缘的磕碰点,再采用最小二乘法对筛选后的轮廓点进行圆弧拟合以实现外径测量。然后,针对VVT发动机转子端面上的划痕、划伤等缺陷,提出一种基于改进HOG（histogram of oriented gradient,方向梯度直方图）特征的SVM（support vector machines,支持向量机）分类算法,先采用连通域分析方法得到待检测的目标区域,再提取目标区域的改进HOG特征,并利用SVM进行分类,以实现端面缺陷的检测。实验结果表明,所设计的缺陷检测系统在测量VVT发动机转子外径时的绝对精度可达到0.01 mm,且能够准确地筛选出凸台外边缘的磕碰点;因改进的HOG特征优于传统的HOG特征,所设计的缺陷检测系统在检测转子端面缺陷时具有较低的过检率和漏检率。综上可知,基于机器视觉的VVT发动机转子缺陷检测系统可实现外径的精确测量和外观缺陷的有效检测,基本满足工业检测要求,具有较高的实用价值。     

基于Adaboost-SVM组合算法的爆破振动强度预测研究

为了提高爆破振动强度预测精度,提出了基于Adaboost-SVM组合算法的爆破振动强度预测方法。采用主分量分析法,从7种爆破振动强度影响因素中确定了3类主要因素,并建立训练样本集,选用高斯径向基核函数建立SVM预测模型,经过对模型参数不断训练和优化调整,实现了对爆破振动强度的预测,最后通过Adaboost-SVM组合算法构建预测模型,进一步提升了预测精度。结果表明,SVM模型在预测精度上高于传统经验公式法和BP神经网络法,且训练速度更快;而提出的Adaboost-SVM组合算法能够进一步将预测精度提高至97%以上。     

基于GA-SVM的刚性罐道故障诊断

针对刚性罐道故障类型识别精度低这一难题,提出了一种基于遗传算法(genetic algorithm,GA)和支持向量机（support vector machine,SVM）的刚性罐道故障诊断方法。搭建了立井提升系统实验台,模拟2种典型的罐道故障,并采集提升容器振动加速度信号。运用经验模态分解（empirical mode decomposition,EMD）方法对振动加速度信号进行分解,选取前4个固有模态函数（intrinsic mode function,IMF）,然后运用奇异值分解（singular value decomposition,SVD）方法计算出每个IMF的奇异值作为故障特征参数,将得到的故障特征参数作为SVM的训练集,通过GA参数寻优方法得到SVM关键参数c和g的最优值,并选取新的测试样本检测SVM的诊断效果。实验结果表明:基于GA-SVM的刚性罐道故障诊断方法的平均分类准确率达到93%。研究结果表明该方法能精确地识别刚性罐道的典型故障类型,为立井提升系统等非线性非平稳复杂系统的故障诊断提供一种通用可行的解决方法。     

基于CSO-SVM的数控机床主轴热误差建模

针对数控机床多热源所致的温升与主轴热误差之间复杂的非线性关系问题,提出一种鸡群优化（chicken swarm optimization, CSO）算法与支持向量机（support vector machines, SVM）相结合的主轴热误差预测模型（以下简称热误差模型）。以某精密数控机床的主轴单元为研究对象,采用五点法对其在空转状态下的轴向热变形进行测量,并借助热电偶传感器对机床的4个关键温度测点的温度进行采集。以SVM为理论基础,随机选取75%的数据样本进行训练,进而构建主轴热误差模型。其中,利用CSO算法优化SVM模型的惩罚参数c和核参数g,以提升热误差模型的预测能力及鲁棒性。以余下的25%的样本作为测试数据集,对所得热误差模型进行验证。利用CSO-SVM模型对不同工况下主轴的热误差进行预测,并将预测结果与测量结果进行对比。结果表明：当主轴转速为3 000 r/min时,CSO-SVM模型的平均预测精度高达97.32%,相较于多元线性回归模型和基于粒子群优化的SVM模型分别提升了6.53%和4.68%;当主轴转速为2 000, 4 000 r/min时,CSO-SVM模型的平均预测精度分别为92.53%、91.82%,表明该模型具有较高的预测能力和良好的鲁棒性。CSO-SVM模型具有较强的实用性和工程应用价值。     

改进人工蜂群算法优化的LSSVM在混合气体定量分析中的应用

针对在易燃易爆混合气体定量分析中因交叉敏感易产生测量误差以及最小二乘支持向量机（least squares support vector machine,LSSVM）参数难以确定的问题,提出一种改进人工蜂群（improved artificial bee colony,IABC）算法优化的最小二乘支持向量机。首先,在标准人工蜂群（artificial bee colony, ABC）算法中引入自适应递减因子以更新步长,并结合轮盘赌和反向轮盘赌改进待工蜂跟随概率公式,从而提高收敛精度;然后,利用改进后的人工蜂群算法对最小二乘支持向量机的惩罚参数C和核参数σ²进行优化;最后,利用优化后的参数重建最小二乘支持向量机定量分析模型,并与利用常用的混合气体定量分析方法——粒子群优化（particle swarm optimization,PSO）算法优化的最小二乘支持向量机定量分析模型进行对比。实验结果表明,在交叉敏感状态下,采用改进人工蜂群算法优化的最小二乘支持向量机时的建模总时间和各组分气体浓度测量的平均相对误差均低于采用粒子群算法优化的,有效提高了混合气体的浓度测量精度。研究表明,改进人工蜂群算法优化的最小二乘支持向量机可为混合气体定量分析提供理论支撑,具有一定的工程应用价值。     

基于佳点集粒子群算法的SVM参数优化方法

针对传统的粒子群算法（PSO）初始种群随机生成而导致的算法稳定性差和易出现早熟等问题,提出了基于佳点集改进的粒子群算法（GSPSO）,并将其优化支持向量机（SVM）,构建一种高效的预测评估模型（GSPSO-SVM）。首先采用佳点集方法使PSO中初始粒子均匀分布,然后利用GSPSO优化SVM的惩罚因子C和径向基核函数参数g以获取最佳参数值,提高SVM分类性和稳定性,最后将模型应用于旱情数据的评估预测。仿真实验结果表明：本模型在平均准确率和方差方面的准确都取得了很好的效果;对比分别用PSO和遗传算法（GA）优化的SVM模型,本模型的性能更好。     

SOM—SVM模型在煤与瓦斯突出预测中的应用

将自组织特征映射网络和支持向量机进行优选组合,建立煤与瓦斯突出危险性预测的SOM—SVM模型,充分利用非监督学习算法SOM的数据压缩、特征抽取的功能特性对训练样本进行压缩去噪处理,为有导师学习算法SVM提供高质量的有标记样本,进而发挥SVM分类精度高的特性,同时提高其分类速率。通过现场实测数据进行煤与瓦斯突出危险性预测,结果表明：两种算法的结合对煤与瓦斯突出危险性预测是有效的,它与传统的预测方法相比,分类速度更快,容错能力更强,预测精度更高。     

基于支持向量机的变压器碳排放预测模型

目的 解决变压器中主要设计参数影响下的碳排放量预测问题。方法 本文利用随机森林（Random Forest,RF）算法和支持向量机（Support Vector Machine,SVM）算法进行对比,构建一个变压器碳排放预测模型。结果 通过对变压器的全生命周期进行评价,确定铁芯的长宽比为影响碳排放量的主要因素,对给定参数下的碳排放量进行预测,并与实际值进行对比分析得出,3类预测模型中,SVM高斯核模型的平均绝对误差值约为5.37,与碳排放实际值最为接近,故采用高斯核函数的非线性支持向量机预测模型最优。结论 证明支持向量机高斯核函数预测模型更具有预测准确性和有效性,以期能为生产企业进行低碳设计提供参考依据,为电力行业生产设备的可持续设计研究提供一定的借鉴意义。     

基于支持向量机的机械系统状态组合预测模型研究

提出了一种新的支持向量机（Support Vector Machines，SVM）机械系统状态组合预测模型。应用FPE（Final Principle Error）准则优化样本的维数，采用时域内的振动烈度和频域内的特征频率分量作为预测机械系统状态的敏感因子，构建了预测模型。支持向量机采用新型的结构风险最优化准则，预测能力强、鲁棒性好。采用径向基函数和ε损失函数，将该模型应用于实验台和旋转注水机组的状态预测，取得了较好的效果。这表明利用支持向量机的组合预测模型，可以降低设备维修代价，提高设备的安全性和可靠性。     

基于MPA-SVM的煤矿抛掷爆破爆堆形态预测

为提高爆堆形态预测精度，提出了一种海洋捕食者算法（MPA）优化支持向量机（SVM）的方法，结合黑岱沟露天煤矿爆破工程数据，选取其中8个参数作为影响爆堆形态的输入参数，松散系数ξ和Weibull函数的2个控制变量α、β为输出参数，建立基于MPA-SVM的爆堆形态预测模型，并与同期使用的5个模型进行比较。结果表明:MPA-SVM的预测效果优于其他5个模型，相对误差未超过5%，3个评价指标分别为R₂（0.955,0.978,0.946），R_MSE（0.063,0.075,0.116），R_MAE（0.046,0.056,0.067），证明了MPA-SVM对爆堆形态预测的适用性，且在小样本数据条件下更具有精度优势。     

基于支持向量机的现地地震预警地震动峰值预测

以0.1-10 Hz带通滤波后三分向矢量合成地震动峰值PGA 与PGV 为预测目标参数,利用日本K-net 强震台网P波触发后3 s数据,基于人工智能中的经典机器学习方法-支持向量机,选取加速度幅值Pa、速度幅值Pv、位移幅值Pd、傅里叶谱幅值AMmax、速度平方积分IV2、破坏烈度DI、累积绝对速度CAV、阿里亚斯烈...     

Analysis and classification of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma based on Raman spectroscopy and convolutional neural networks

ABSTRACT

To detect oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) using fibre optic Raman spectroscopy, we present a classification model based on convolutional neural networks (CNN) and support vector machines (SVM). 24 samples Raman spectra of OTSCC and para-carcinoma tissues from 12 patients were collected and analysed. In our proposed model, CNN is used as a feature extractor for forming a representative vector. Then the derived features are fed into an SVM classifier, which is used for OTSCC classification. Experimental results demonstrated that the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 99.96% and the classification error was zero (sensitivity: 99.54%, specificity: 99.54%). To show the superiority of this model, comparison results with the state-of-the-art methods showed it can obtain a competitive accuracy. These findings may pay a way to apply the proposed model in the fibre optic Raman instruments for intra-operative evaluation of OTSCC resection margins.     

High speed classification of individual bacterial cells using a model-based light scatter system and multivariate statistics

We describe a model-based instrument design combined with a statistical classification approach for the development and realization of high speed cell classification systems based on light scatter. In our work, angular light scatter from cells of four bacterial species of interest, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Listeria innocua, and Enterococcus faecalis, was modeled using the discrete dipole approximation. We then optimized a scattering detector array design subject to some hardware constraints, configured the instrument, and gathered experimental data from the relevant bacterial cells. Using these models and experiments, it is shown that optimization using a nominal bacteria model (i.e., using a representative size and refractive index) is insufficient for classification of most bacteria in realistic applications. Hence the computational predictions were constituted in the form of scattering-data-vector distributions that accounted for expected variability in the physical properties between individual bacteria within the four species. After the detectors were optimized using the numerical results, they were used to measure scatter from both the known control samples and unknown bacterial cells. A multivariate statistical method based on a support vector machine (SVM) was used to classify the bacteria species based on light scatter signatures. In our final instrument, we realized correct classification of B. subtilis in the presence of E. coli,L. innocua, and E. faecalis using SVM at 99.1%, 99.6%, and 98.5%, respectively, in the optimal detector array configuration. For comparison, the corresponding values for another set of angles were only 69.9%, 71.7%, and 70.2% using SVM, and more importantly, this improved performance is consistent with classification predictions.     

Imbalanced Data Classification Using SVM Based on Improved Simulated Annealing Featuring Synthetic Data Generation and Reduction

Imbalanced data classification is one of the major problems in machine learning. This imbalanced dataset typically has significant differences in the number of data samples between its classes. In most cases, the performance of the machine learning algorithm such as Support Vector Machine (SVM) is affected when dealing with an imbalanced dataset. The classification accuracy is mostly skewed toward the majority class and poor results are exhibited in the prediction of minority-class samples. In this paper, a hybrid approach combining data pre-processing technique and SVM algorithm based on improved Simulated Annealing (SA) was proposed. Firstly, the data pre-processing technique which primarily aims at solving the resampling strategy of handling imbalanced datasets was proposed. In this technique, the data were first synthetically generated to equalize the number of samples between classes and followed by a reduction step to remove redundancy and duplicated data. Next is the training of a balanced dataset using SVM. Since this algorithm requires an iterative process to search for the best penalty parameter during training, an improved SA algorithm was proposed for this task. In this proposed improvement, a new acceptance criterion for the solution to be accepted in the SA algorithm was introduced to enhance the accuracy of the optimization process. Experimental works based on ten publicly available imbalanced datasets have demonstrated higher accuracy in the classification tasks using the proposed approach in comparison with the conventional implementation of SVM. Registering at an average of 89.65% of accuracy for the binary class classification has demonstrated the good performance of the proposed works.     

基于进化蒙特卡洛方法的特征选择在机械故障诊断中的应用

特征选择可以从原始特征集中去除冗余特征,选择出优化特征子集,提高机械故障诊断精度和诊断效率。将进化蒙特卡洛方法引入机械故障诊断的特征选择。应用支持向量机(SVM)作为故障决策器,采用Wrapper式特征子集评价标准,并采用进化蒙特卡洛算法搜索最优特征子集。运用滚动轴承故障振动信号数据对提出的方法进行验证,实验结果表明该方法是有效的。     

基于改进HHT和SVM的滚动轴承故障状态识别

针对滚动轴承故障信号特征难以提取与故障诊断效率较低问题,引入集合经验模态分解(EEMD)对Hilbert-Huang变换(HHT)进行改进,将改进的HHT结合拉普拉斯得分(Laplacian score,LS)进行轴承故障特征提取,并利用遗传算法(GA)优化支持向量机(SVM)分类参数,将其应用于滚动轴承振动信号故障状...     

基于GWO的SVM在红外甲烷传感器测量误差分析中的应用

针对传统支持向量机回归模型应用在红外甲烷传感器测量数据处理时出现预测精度低的问题,提出了一种基于灰狼优化算法的支持向量机回归模型。该模型在传统支持向量机的基础上,利用灰狼优化算法自适应搜索特征空间来选择最佳特征组合,经过循环比较,能快速、准确地搜索到最优的惩罚因子C与gamma参数。用实验室研制的红外甲烷传感器对0～5.05%浓度范围的标准甲烷气体进行测量后,建立了3种SVM回归模型,并进行对比。结果表明,采用灰狼优化算法建立的支持向量机回归模型其绝对误差和相对误差小,精度高。     

Application research on semi-definite programming optimized support vector machines

The kernel function optimization is the key issues to address when using the support vector machine (SVM) algorithm. To solve the parameter selection for the SVM, a semi-definite programming optimized SVM (SDP-SVM) algorithm is proposed in this paper. The steps of the algorithm are described, and the optimization of the kernel function is shown using an SDP method. The SDP method is used to find the best parameter of SVM. The heart_scale data in the University of California Irvine database are then simulated using the SDP-SVM model. The experimental results shows that the generalization capability and the classification accuracy of the SDP-SVM algorithm have been greatly improved. A variety of strip-steel surface defect images from actual production are classified using the SDP-SVM algorithm, and the results show that the classification method of the SDP-SVM algorithm has high classification accuracy, strong practicability, and a wide variety of application prospects.     

基于小波包和进化支持向量机的齿轮早期诊断研究

针对齿轮早期故障的特征不明显，提出了一种基于小波包和进化支持向量机的齿轮故障诊断方法，该方法既充分利用了小波包优良的时频局部化特性，又利用了支持向量机在小样本情况下出色的学习性能和良好的推广特性，以及遗传算法的全局优化能力。在齿轮试验台上的应用结果表明，经过特征提取和参数优化后，提高了支持向量机的分类能力。