亚硒酸钠对大鼠的亚慢性毒性研究

目的：对常见的硒强化剂亚硒酸钠的亚慢性毒性进行研究。方法：以Wistar大鼠为实验动物,采用固定剂量染毒法以0.470、0.235、0.118mg/kg(1/25～1/100 LD50)剂量连续灌胃12周,停药后恢复观察2周,分别在实验的12、14周末取血及主要脏器,系统研究硒对大鼠生长性能、组织病理变化、血常规、血液生化指标的影响。结果：0.235mg/kg剂量对大鼠生长有一定抑制作用,对主要器官脏器系数、血常规指标、血液生化指标均有不同程度影响,剖检及组织学变化以心、肝、脾、肺、肾、肠道等器官损伤为主。结论：亚硒酸钠对大鼠有亚慢性毒性作用,经口灌胃的最低观察到损害作用剂量(LOAEL)为0.235mg/kg,最大无作用剂量(NOAEL)为0.118mg/kg,对大鼠造成的损伤在短期内部分可逆,无迟发性毒作用。     

植物酵素急性毒性与亚慢性毒性的研究

目的:通过急性毒性试验和亚慢性毒性试验研究植物酵素的安全性。方法:急性毒性试验以小鼠为研究对象,测定小鼠经口灌胃给予植物酵素的最大耐受剂量;亚慢性毒性试验以SD大鼠为研究对象,大鼠经口灌胃给予植物酵素90d后,观察对大鼠一般状况,肝、肾功能及脏器病理变化的影响。结果显示,急性毒性试验小鼠最大耐受剂量超过108mL/(kg·BW),相当于人体推荐口服剂量60mL/(人·d)的108倍;亚慢性毒性试验高、中、低剂量下,大鼠一般状况良好,正常生长,未出现中毒症状,无死亡,脏器系数及组织学检查无异常,对大鼠肝脏和肾脏无毒性作用。结果表明,植物酵素一日内给小鼠大量灌胃,无急性毒性反应,亚慢性毒性。     

原花青素白藜芦醇浆亚慢性毒性评价及抗氧化功能研究

评价原花青素白藜芦醇浆亚慢性毒性,并初步研究其抗氧化功能,为开发其保健功效提供科学依据。采用大鼠90天喂养试验对原花青素白藜芦醇浆的亚慢性毒性进行评价,并在实验末采血测定血清抗氧化指标。90天喂养试验结果显示花青素白藜芦醇浆对大鼠各项指标未产生毒副作用,其最大无作用剂量(NOAEL)大于7.5 g/kg·BW。雌、雄大鼠各剂量组血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)水平均有2个~3个剂量组显著高于对照组(P0.05或P0.01),高剂量组雌、雄大鼠血清丙二醛(MDA)含量低于对照组(P0.01)。原花青素白藜芦醇浆在本实验条件下未见有亚慢性毒性,血清抗氧化指标检测结果提示原花青素白藜芦醇浆具有一定抗氧化功能。     

亚硒酸钠的急性、蓄积性、亚急性毒性研究

目的：对常见的硒强化剂亚硒酸钠的毒性进行研究。方法：以Wistar大鼠为实验动物,分别采用改良寇氏法进行急性毒性实验,剂量递增法进行蓄积毒性实验,以1/20 LD50、1/10 LD50、1/5 LD50剂量连续灌胃30d进行亚急性毒性实验。系统研究亚硒酸钠对大鼠生长状况、组织病理变化、血常规、血液生化指标的影响。结果：大鼠经口灌胃亚硒酸钠的LD50为11.75mg/kg,蓄积系数为3.3,有中等蓄积毒性作用。0.588mg/kg剂量亚硒酸钠对大鼠生长有一定抑制作用,剖检及组织学变化以心、肝、脾、肺、肾等实质器官损伤为主,对主要器官脏器指数、血常规指标、血液生化指标均有不同程度影响。结论：亚硒酸钠属于高毒性物质,可以对大鼠造成急性、蓄积性、亚急性损伤。     

95%水胺硫磷慢性毒性和致癌性研究

目的研究95%水胺硫磷的慢性毒性和致癌性,提出其未观察到有害作用水平。方法480只断乳SD大鼠按体重随机分成4组,每组120只,雌雄各半。4组大鼠喂饲含有不同浓度水胺硫磷的块料,对照组、低剂量组、中剂量组和高剂量组的剂量分别是0、0.6、6和30mg/kg饲料,试验期2年。观察大鼠日常表现,检测体重、进食量、血常规、凝血时间、血生化、胆碱酯酶、尿常规等指标并进行大体和病理组织学检查,计算食物利用率、脏器系数和肿瘤发生率。结果试验第6、18、24个月,高剂量组雌性大鼠胆碱酯酶活性显著低于对照组(P0.01);试验第6、12、18和24个月,中、高剂量组雄性大鼠胆碱酯酶活性显著低于对照组(P0.01)。各组大鼠的其他指标,包括肿瘤发生率差异均无统计学意义。结论根据胆碱酯酶的检测结果确定水胺硫磷的未观察到有害作用水平:雌性为0.468mg/(kgBW·d)(中剂量),雄性为0.037mg/(kgBW·d)(低剂量)。未见致癌作用。     

乳化分提法制取的EFC型乌桕类可可脂的毒理学评价研究

按卫生部颁发的“食品安全性毒理学评价程序”对EFC型乌桕类可可脂进行了急性、亚慢性及二致实验。结果表明小鼠经口LD50>46400毫克/公斤体重,25％以下剂量对S·D大鼠的生长发育、生殖、生理生化指标均末发现明显不良影响,未发现致畸和致突效应。提出对大鼠的无作用剂量为25克/公斤体重,ADI建议为0.25～2.5克/公斤体重。     

白剌色素的安全性评价及抗氧化功能的初步研究

目的评价白剌色素的食用安全性,并初步研究其抗氧化功能。方法采用急性毒性、Ames、小鼠骨髓细胞微核、小鼠精子畸形和大鼠90天喂养试验对白剌色素的安全性进行评价,并在90天喂养试验结束时,检测大鼠血清和肝组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果白剌色素对雌、雄性小鼠经口LD50均大于30000mg/kgBW,属无毒级,3项遗传毒性试验结果均为阴性,大鼠90天喂养实验各项结果均未见明显毒性。各剂量组雌、雄大鼠血清和肝组织SOD、GSH-Px水平均显著高于对照组(P0.05),MDA含量则与对照组无显著性差异。结论白剌色素在本实验条件下为无毒物,未显示有急性、亚慢性毒性及遗传毒性;血清和肝组织的抗氧化指标检测结果提示白剌色素具有一定的抗氧化功能,值得进一步研究。     

元宝枫油的毒理学安全性实验研究

目的研究元宝枫油的食用安全性。方法采用小鼠急性经口毒性试验、遗传毒性试验(Ames试验、小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验和小鼠精子畸形试验)及亚慢性毒性试验(大鼠90天喂养)对元宝枫油的食用安全性进行评价。结果元宝枫油对雌、雄性小鼠经口LD50均大于54 000 mg/kg BW,属无毒级;3项遗传毒性试验结果均为阴性;以10 800、5 400、2 700 mg/kg BW 3个剂量的样品液连续给大鼠灌胃90 d,实验期间动物生长发育良好,各项检测指标均未见异常。结论元宝枫油在本实验条件下为无毒物,未显示有急性、亚慢性毒性及遗传毒性。     

动力源胶囊的安全性评价研究

目的对抗运动疲劳功能食品动力源胶囊进行安全性评价研究。方法采用限量法测定急性毒性试验,给予KM小鼠受试物最大剂量1 0 g/kg·BW后,观察14天内有无动物死亡,计算半数致死量(LD50)。应用30 d喂养试验观察可能的亚慢性毒性,分别设2670 mg/kg·BW、1330 mg/kg·BW、670 mg/kg·BW)剂量组和蒸馏水空白对照组,灌胃给予SD大鼠受试物30 d,观察和记录SD大鼠的生长发育情况、摄食量、食物利用率、血液学指标、血液生化指标和脏器病理检查。结果急性毒性试验观察期内受试动物未出现任何异常表现及死亡,表明样品无毒;在30 d喂养试验中各组大鼠给予不同剂量的动力源胶囊30 d后,其血液生化学检查、脏器称量结果表明,各检验项目的实验组与对照组比较均差异不显著。病理组织学检查结果表明对照组和各剂量组雄、雌性大鼠的肝、脾、肾、胃、肠、睾丸(卵巢)均未见与实验因素有关的病理组织学变化,表明30 d喂养试验未见其对受试动物有毒性损害作用。结论动力源胶囊使用安全。     

酱油中鲁氏接合酵母的安全性初步评价

鲁氏接合酵母（Zygosaccharomyces rouxii）在食品发酵中应用广泛，但该菌株安全性的研究相对缺乏，故该研究对酱油中的鲁氏接合酵母进行急性毒性及亚慢性毒性评价。通过给予小鼠低（7.5×109 CFU/mL）、中（3.75×1010 CFU/mL）、高（7.5×1010 CFU/mL）剂量组的鲁氏接合酵母，测定小鼠的基本指标、脏器系数、血常规、血生化指标等。急性毒性实验结果表明，最大给药剂量为7.5×1010 CFU/mL时，未测出鲁氏酵母的半数致死量（LD50）。从体质量增长率和脏器系数来看，各组间无显著差异（P＞0.05），无菌株易位现象。亚慢性毒性实验结果表明，小鼠的一般体征、行为、饮食、粪便无异常现象，各组小鼠体质量正常增长，与对照组相比，低、中、高剂量组的小鼠一般指标、血常规指标、血生化指标及机体指标无明显差异（P＞0.05），高剂量组小鼠主要脏器组织无明显病理变化。实验结果表明在一定的剂量范围内鲁氏接合酵母对小鼠没有明显的毒副作用。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press