长线阵声纳左右舷分辨仿真研究

长线阵声纳是拖曳线列阵声纳的一种重要形式,左右舷模糊问题是其主要缺点之一。针对长线阵声纳满足近场条件的特点,当长线阵声纳呈直线状态时,根据时域波束形成原理建立以目标方位和距离为自变量的目标函数。根据频谱分析后所得的目标频率,对方位和距离两个参量进行二维搜索,得到目标函数灰度图。当长线阵声纳所在拖体转向机动时,利用长线阵声纳首尾两航向传感器的数据对长线阵声纳的阵形进行预报,在此基础上改写目标函数,再次通过二维搜索得到目标函数灰度图,根据阵形弯曲前后目标函数灰度图的变化,可辨别出目标方位和虚源方位,从而得到一种新的左右舷分辨方法。仿真结果表明目标函数灰度图变化直观明了,所提方法可有效解决长线阵声纳左右舷分辨问题。     

基于最小冗余线阵的阵列扩展方法

针对均匀传感器线阵应用被动合成孔径技术进行扩展阵列中存在阵元数较多利用率较低,且噪声累积误差问题,提出了一种基于最小冗余线阵的阵列扩展方法.该算法将四阶累积量方法和被动合成孔径技术相结合,能够采用较少的阵元获得较大的阵列有效孔径.先用四阶累积量方法对最小冗余阵作匀速直线运动采集的连续测量量作预处理,获得虚拟均匀线阵效果...     

基于宽带聚焦矩阵和高阶累积量的OFDM信号的来波方向估计

为了解决正交频分复用(OFDM)宽带信号处理的问题,研究了基于宽带聚焦矩阵和高阶累积量的波达方向(DOA)估计方法。前者是通过傅里叶变换将宽带阵列数据分解为若干窄带信号,再利用一种聚焦矩阵将不同频带下的方向矩阵变换到同一参考频率下,然后用多重信号分类(MUSIC)算法来估计DOA;高阶累积量算法是通过聚焦操作,把各个窄带频率处的阵列输出矢量变换到聚焦频率处,然后求其累积量矩阵。对各个累积量矩阵进行加权平均并特征值分解,再应用MUSIC算法估计DOA。理论分析和仿真结果表明,两种方法都能够精确地估计OFDM信号的DOA,四阶累积量方法的空间分辨率比聚焦矩阵方法有所提高。四阶累积量算法扩展了阵列孔径,信噪比(SNR)较低的时候也有很好的适应性。     

基于十字阵的高阶累积量DOA估计算法

基于十字阵的改进高阶累积量DOA估计算法是十字阵导向矢量模型的基础上实现了的Music算法.首先将Music算法中的二阶累积量扩展到四阶累积量,然后对协方差矩阵进行分解,得到高分辨率的DOA估计.改进算法相对于等距线性阵列的Music算法具有全方位定位、阵元数少的特性.且在有色高斯噪声环境下具有很好的谱估计性能.改进算法还对初始采样信号进行了DFT预处理,以克服高阶累积量计算量大的缺点.仿真实验表明,算法计算量少且分辨率高.     

矢量水听器阵波束域MUSIC算法研究

矢量水听器可同时拾取声压和振速信息,成阵后水听器间的相移信息量增大。基于矢量水听器阵的波束形成性能明显由于同条件下的声压水听器阵,但其空间分辨力依然受阵列物理空间的限制。已经有人研究了矢量水听器阵的高分辨谱估计方法（MUSIC算法）,但属于对阵元域信号进行的直接处理,运算量较大。提出一种基于矢量水听器阵的波束域MUSIC算法（BMUSIC）。该算法首先将矢量水听器阵元的空间数据转换到波束空间,然后对转换后的数据再运用MUSIC算法。不但实现了降维处理,减小了运算量,而且可进一步抑制扫描扇面外的噪声。对BMUSIC算法进行了仿真并与常规MUSIC算法进行了比较。结果表明,该方法可得到与阵元域MUSIC算法相当的方位分辨力。     

成像声纳中多波束形成的FPGA工程实现

提出了一种计算方法简单、计算量小、所需存储量小的近场聚焦多波束形成的高速FPGA实现方法,用于成像声纳中高精度、高覆盖、高波束数的多波束形成。本方法基于180阵元均匀半圆阵,通过阵元等效弦的转动,仅采用6组加权系数矢量即可在90°范围内产生540个波束,使存储量降低了两个数量级,从而有效降低对硬件存储资源的要求。该系统工作在270 MHz,通过乒乓操作实现数据不间断的输入/输出,从而提高速度;通过多通道多系数复用乘法器和流水并行技术,仅采用24个乘法器完成了540个波束的实时产生,实现了8 190倍复用。     

一种新的矢量传感器线列阵波束形成算法

为了提高基于矢量线列阵的目标方位估计能力,将基于时域解析信号实现最小方差无畸变响应（ MVDR）的方法——TAMVDR算法引入到了矢量线列阵信号处理中,提出了实现矢量线列阵波束形成的VTAMVDR算法。理论分析了矢量线列阵VTAMVDR算法的原理,该算法通过Hilbert变换对时域宽带信号引入复权向量,不需要进行子带分割,且不需要对数据进行分块处理,获得稳定优化权向量估计所需要的数据长度远小于频域MVDR方法,数据长度合适时,单次快拍即可实现波束形成,大大降低了运算量。仿真和海上试验数据分析结果表明：VTMVDR算法相比于频域MVDR算法具有较好的性能,具有更高的分辨率和更窄的波束角,有更好的探测性能。     

一种改进的非均匀线列阵宽带波束形成方法

研究无线网络宽带信道优化问题,关于非均匀线列阵可以使用较少的阵元避免栅瓣的出现,针对非均匀线列阵的宽带波束形成问题.采用非均匀线列阵进行宽带波束形成方式,为了使非均匀线列阵在无失真接收信号的同时更好地抑制噪声,需要设计低旁瓣的宽带恒定束宽波束;利用渐近理论宽带非均匀线列阵的设计方法和优化方法相结合,提出了一种改进的宽带非均匀线列阵的设计方法,并给出了一个设计实例.仿真结果表明,方法可以在使用较少阵元数的情况下避免栅瓣的出现,同时得到低旁瓣的宽带恒定束宽波束,更好地满足波束性能要求,提高了宽带性能.     

基于时空联合估计噪声子空间的MUSIC波束形成方法

针对在宽带短脉冲情况下频域MUSIC波束形成过程中噪声子空间估计不稳定的问题,提出了一种基于时空联合估计噪声子空间的MUSIC波束形成方法。该方法首先对线列阵接收数据构造时域复解析数据;然后根据增广数据构造方法和空间滑动的方法,在时域数据长度更短的情况下,稳定实现噪声子空间估计;最后根据估计出的噪声子空间含有的正交特性,通过单位矩阵与噪声特征向量相乘来得到相应波束。数值仿真和实测数据处理结果表明,相比频域MUSIC波束形成方法,该方法减少了稳定获取噪声子空间所需的快拍数,具有较好的稳定性和检测性能,提高了MUSIC波束形成在实际应用中的鲁棒性。     

卫星定位中信号时差估计的算法研究

在三星定位技术中,接收机收到的信号经常掺杂着相关噪声,在相关噪声环境下,卫星信号存在误差.传统的最小均方误差(LMS)时差估计方法已经无法对TDOA(Time difference of arrival)参数进行有效的估计.在研究基于LMS算法的基础上,考虑高斯过程的高阶累积量恒为零,同时结合四阶累积量理论,提出了基于四阶累积量的优化算法(FOC-LMSTDE).通过实验,将优化算法与原算法进行了仿真对比(即分别比较了二者在相关噪声环境下的参数估计性能),优化算法具有稳定,准确的估计性能,优势较为明显.仿真结果表明,用四阶累积量的改进算法能有效克服噪声的相关性,并能够TDOA参数做出较为准确的估计,有效解决了三星定位中相关噪声导致的时差估测不准确问题.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.