基于动态描述逻辑的多主体协作模型

基于动态描述逻辑的主体模型和协作过程就是既考虑了智能主体的知识表示与推理问题,又紧密地结合主体的设计与编程问题,把表示与推理应用到主体的具体设计中．它充分利用了动态描述逻辑的统一的形式化框架,同时从静态的知识表示与推理和动态的运行与变化两个方面来刻画主体的心智状态和协作过程,探讨了主体信念、行为能力、目标和规划等心智要素的表示、推理与修改以及联合目标的形成、多目标的规划问题．多主体协作模型将理论和实践有机地结合起来,能够充分体现智能主体的本质特征与运行机制,为多主体系统的设计与编程奠定了很好的基础．     

多Agent系统规划协作过程研究

在多Agent问题求解方面,一个明显的问题是如何规划Agent组的活动.多Agent规划是指通过Agent调整的行为朝着一个共同目标来增强系统中多个Agent协作的强度,从而提高系统的一致性.从协调一致性原理的角度来说明多Agent系统规划协作的过程,并将其划分为发现协作潜力、调解协作请求、构建协作团队、制订协作计划、实现协作行动及评估行动结果6个阶段,对各个阶段进行了说明.并对一种主从式层次结构的多Agent系统协作过程进行了阐述,构建了基于这种结构协作的基本模型.     

多主体协作系统的一种形式模型

建造能一起工作的计算机系统一直是计算机科学的一项重要任务。目前多主体（Agent）协作的理论与应用研究已成为多学科和AI交叉研究的一个热点前沿课题。关于主体及多主体系统理论研究的主要难点是所谓的“副作用问题”以及动态环境下对主体资源及能力有限的特性的刻画。该文基于情形演算与三值逻辑给出了一个多主体协作的形式模型;本模型能较好的避免“副作用问题”;此外,在此基础上给出的一个多Agent协作规划理论能较好的刻画动态环境下主体的上述特性。     

多智能主体协作规划理论及其在RoboCup中的应用

机器人足球赛是近年人工智能迅速发展起来的一个重要的研究领域。基于此平台，研究了将规划、竞争、约束、协调纳入一个协作规划框架之中的多智能体协作规划理论，并将其分为5个阶段①产生协作目标；②协作规划；③寻求协作伙伴；④选择协作方案；⑤实现所确定的目标。最后探讨了应用到机器人足球赛的一些技术问题。在比赛中，决策速度也较好。     

基于规划识别的多智能体协作研究及应用

多智能体系统是规划识别的一个有效应用平台，提出一种基于规划识别多智能体协作算法，对对抗环境和非对抗环境中的基于规划识别的多智能体协作算法进行了分析，实现了对队友和对手行为目的的认识和建模，减少了协作主体间需要通信的时间厦难度。该协作算法应用到多智能体的有效测试平台机器人足球赛中，试验结果证明，该算法在通信受限、信息受限或信息延时的系统中可有效预测队友和对手的行为，从而实现智能体间的协作。     

关于多主体系统的可视化技术研究

多主体系统的可视化是一个非常复杂的工作,它将多个主体复杂的协作和交互活动过程可视化,以便用户对其进行监控。该文主要从这一复杂问题入手,分析多主体系统可视化需要研究的内容和亟待解决的技术难点,然后从多主体系统的结构、主体的通信语言出发,结合多主体系统的任务和目标,提出了一种多主体系统可视化的解决方案。     

基于组织结构的多主体协作

基于主体组织的多主体问题求解可以降低问题求解难度和交互复杂性,其中多主体组织的形成规则和多主体的协作与规划是多主体合作的关键。文中提出了一种新的多主体组织模型和一组相关的组织原则,给出了组织规划的方法,提出了多主体组织的形成与消亡形式,并利用扩展的时序逻辑和π演算对上述结论进行了形式化描述,完善了基于组织结构的多主体协作理论,改进了多主体理论研究和多主体编程实践之间脱节的现状。     

一种基于Web服务的多主体系统模型

针对广域网异质、开放和动态的特性,提出了一种基于Web服务的多主体系统模型,它将Web服务嵌入BDI主体结构,使得异质主体之间得以方便地协作;它引入了关于多主体系统中主体类与服务描述的本体,使得主体之间可以进行动态协作;模型还建立了一个协调控制中心,使主体之间得以进行时间非耦合的协作。对相关模块及功能作了详细的描述,并对一些服务的流程或实现进行了说明。     

基于智能协作技术的信息系统安全体系结构研究

文章介绍了智能协作技术在信息系统安全领域的应用,给出了一种新的信息系统安全体系结构。首先,基于智能协作中的主体技术建立了一种新型的信息系统安全体系概念结构,在信息系统的安全体系结构中,每一个节点上有一组智能主体:智能安全主体主要是一些具体的安全机制和模型;一个服务器主体,主要负责节点间的通信;一个管理者主体,主要负责各智能安全主体间的协同和调度以及过程控制;一个计划者主体,主要负责提供有效的通信计划和智能安全主体间资源的有效调度和利用。其次,从系统的角度简要说明了该安全体系的工作过程和原理。最后,就该安全体系的实现进行了简要的探讨。     

基于多智能体深度强化学习的协作导航应用

多机器人协作导航目前广泛应用于搜索救援、物流等领域, 协作策略与目标导航是多机器人协作导航面临的主要挑战. 为提高多个移动机器人在未知环境下的协作导航能力, 本文提出了一种新的分层控制协作导航(hierarchical control cooperative navigation, HCCN) 策略, 利用高层目标决策层和低层目标导航层, 为每个机器人分配一个目标点, 并通过全局路径规划和局部路径规划算法, 引导智能体无碰撞地到达分配的目标点. 通过Gazebo平台进行实验验证, 结果表明, 文中所提方法能够有效解决协作导航过程中的稀疏奖励问题, 训练速度至少可提高16.6%, 在不同环境场景下具有更好的鲁棒性, 以期为进一步研究多机器人协作导航提供理论指导, 应用至更多的真实场景中.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.