DCT域水印嵌入新策略和算法

本文提出一种新的水印嵌入策略，将水印信号嵌入到原始图像块DCT域的AC分量和DC分量中。基于该策略提出了一个自适应图像水印算法。该算法先把原始图像和水印图像分别进行分块DCT，然后将水印信号的AC分量和DC分量以不同的能量分别嵌入到原始图像块DCT域的AC分量和DC分量中。实验结果表明，该算法具有良好的鲁棒性。     

基于DC和AC分量的二维数字水印算法

提出一种新的二维数字水印算法,该算法先把原始图像分块DCT,再对水印图像分块DCT,取每一图像块的直流系数和前 12个DCT低频交流系数,分别构成水印信号的直流分量和交流分量.利用能量比确定各个子块的直流拉伸因子和交流拉伸因子.水印信号的直、交流分量以不同的能量分别嵌入到原始图像块DCT域的DC分量和AC分量中.实验结果表明,该算法具有良好的不可见性和稳健性.     

一种基于视觉模型的DCT域公开水印算法

提出了一种基于视觉模型的DCT域公开水印算法.算法在充分考虑人类视觉系统屏蔽特性的基础上,通过改变DCT分块内DC分量与低频AC分量之间的大小关系以自适应嵌入水印,水印提取不需要原图像.实验结果表明,算法保证水印不可见的同时,对有损压缩和一些通常的图像处理操作是鲁棒的.     

基于DC和AC分量的二维数字水印算法

提出一种新的二维数字水印算法,该算法先把原始图像分块DCT,再对水印图像分块DCT,取每一图像块的直流系数和前12个DCT低频交流系数,分别构成水印信号的直流分量和交流分量。利用能量比确定各个子块的直流拉伸因子和交流拉伸因子。水印信号的直、交流分量以不同的能量分别嵌入到原始图像块DCT域的DC分量和AC分量中。实验结果表明,该算法具有良好的不可见性和稳健性。     

一种有效的基于DCT域的数字水印算法

在DCT域中,通常将水印嵌入到AC分量上,特别是在中频系数上.近来有学者提出：图像经过DCT变换后,它的直流分量的感觉容量比交流分量大.从稳健性的角度,DC分量比AC分量更适合嵌入水印.论文旨在有实验进一步验证这一论点.实验结果表明,DC分量上嵌入水印的方法是有效的,并且具有很好的稳健性,能抵御施加在已嵌入水印的图像上的剪切、有损压缩的攻击.并与传统的离散小波变换（DWT）域的数字水印算法相比而言,其鲁棒性也是不错的.     

基于分块DCT和量化的图像盲水印算法

当前基于离散余弦变换(DCT)的图像数字水印方法大多为非盲的，水印一般嵌入DCT的中低频系数中，但却把DC分量排除在外。该文提出了一个基于分块DCT和量化的图像盲水印算法，将水印根据量化策略嵌入块DCT系数的DC分量中。该算法思想简单，步骤简便、容易实现。实验结果表明，该算法对嵌入的水印具有很好的透明性，对常见攻击如重采样、颜色抖动、平滑、加噪声和JPEG压缩等具有很强的稳健性。     

DCT频域选块分组多重数字盲水印嵌入算法

对宿主图像频域进行二维DCT变换,采用灰度图像JND门限值和多数字基底对宿主图像的DCT频域构造了选块分组技术,对中频分量的DCT交流系数分组嵌入水印比特,对高低频分量的DCT系数随机嵌入水印比特,嵌入了多个灰度数字盲水印.该算法预估了水印嵌入量,提取水印无需宿主图像和水印图像,仿真实验表明能有效抵抗滤波、加噪、剪切、JPEG有损压缩,具有较好的鲁棒性.     

一种自适应盲灰度水印算法

本文提出了一种基于余数条件稳定性的自适应盲水印算法，并将DC和AC系数结合进行水印的嵌入。使用余数设置的方法在四个系数中嵌入水印，将它们的余数关联起来。并利用视觉掩蔽效应自适应地选择嵌入强度，使得不可见性和鲁棒性得到很好的折中。通过对系数的重组，对灰度水印权值较高的位（高平面位）进行重点保护，使提取的水印质量得以提高。改进了通常在DC系数中嵌入水印是非盲算法和嵌入容量较小的缺陷，同时避免了DC系数改变过大引起的块效应。实验证明该算法取得了很好的效果。     

小波变换用于基于图像内容的自适应数字水印算法

为了提高在频率域嵌入水印抵抗攻击的能力,该文提出一种基于DWT的CBWM自适应数字水印嵌入算法,该算法依据离散小波变换域的水印嵌入策略:水印应当首先嵌入小波图像的低频系数中,若有剩余,再按小波图像频带重要性的排序,嵌入高频带中,并且水印嵌入到图像的低频系数和高频系数中时,需采用不同的嵌入强度;将水印嵌入到图像三级小波分解变换域的低频空间(LL3)的特征向量中,并且水印与特征向量两者正交。并且,其中水印的嵌入过程是自适应的,即先将小波系数组织成小波块,再依据纹理强弱对小波块分类,然后根据分类结果,将不同强度的水印分量嵌入到特征向量的不同分量中。此外,该算法对静止图像的水印检测是通过Neymann-Pearson决策准则来实现的。实验结果证明,该算法对滤波、噪声、几何变换、图像压缩、以及x-y方向修剪、StirMark攻击等都具有很好的抵抗能力;对裁剪和图像旋转也具有较好的鲁棒性。     

基于小波域的彩色图像盲数字水印算法

稳健性是图像隐藏水印最基本的要求之一,而水印的嵌入强度、嵌入位置影响水印的稳健性.文中提出了一种基于离散小波变换的彩色图像盲数字水印算法.水印采用文本图像水印,为了保证水印的安全性,对水印图像进行混沌加密,将原始载体图像的蓝色分量进行3级小波变换,将加密后的水印自适应地嵌入到蓝色分量的最低层低频逼近的每一个系数中,水印嵌入强较大,而现有基于小波变换的算法大多将水印嵌入在各个方向的中频或高频系数中.在检测时,不需要原始图像,是盲检测.实验结果表明该算法很好地保持了图像质量,对常见的图像处理显示了很强的鲁棒性.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。