联苯肼酯与毒死蜱对二斑叶螨联合毒力

[目的]寻找控制二斑叶螨的药剂,延缓对联苯肼酯抗性的产生。[方法]采用玻片浸渍法研究了联苯肼酯与毒死蜱对二斑叶螨的联合毒力。[结果]联苯肼酯的毒力明显高于毒死蜱,24、48、72 h的LC50值分别为10.927 7、5.154 3、3.389 4 mg/L,毒死蜱LC50值分别为433.295 3、206.798 5、69.094 4 mg/L。两药剂混用时,在1∶1~1∶80混配范围内具有增效作用,以1∶1比例混配增效作用最明显;随着毒死蜱用药量的提高,共毒系数呈现下降趋势。[结论]联苯肼酯与毒死蜱混用对二斑叶螨具有明显的增效作用。     

甲胺基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐与阿维菌素对小菜蛾幼虫室内比较毒力研究

通过室内毒力测定表明,甲胺基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐对小菜蛾的毒力相当于阿维菌素;其对试虫的致死速度不及阿维菌素;但在较高浓度下,该化合物对小菜蛾的致死效果优于阿维菌素。     

阿维菌素液体制剂理化性能研究及对小菜蛾室内毒力评价

[目的]综合评价阿维菌素乳油、水乳剂和微乳剂3种液体剂型。[方法]通过理化性能、持液量和对小菜蛾的室内毒力等测试进行试验。理化性能表面张力、接触角分别采用铂金吊环法和视频法;持液量采用浸渍法;室内毒力采用浸虫法。[结果]在相同质量浓度时,微乳剂的表面张力最低,其临界胶束质量浓度约为12.5 mg/L,在甘蓝叶片上的接触角和扩展半径均优于乳油和水乳剂;水乳剂和乳油结果相当。质量浓度为10 mg/L时3种制剂在甘蓝叶片上的持液量的顺序为微乳剂>水乳剂>乳油。微乳剂对小菜蛾幼虫的活性最高,48 h对小菜蛾的LC50值为0.998 mg/L,相对于乳油呈明显增效,毒力比值为1.68,水乳剂和乳油活性差异不大,72 h试验结果与48 h的试验结果类似。[结论]微乳剂和水乳剂是能够取代乳油的行之有效的剂型,且微乳剂比水乳剂更有优势。     

阿维菌素可湿性粉剂对甘蓝小菜蛾的田间药效

本试验用深圳市诺普信农化有限公司生产的阿维菌素可湿性粉剂,对甘蓝小菜蛾进行田间小区试验,结果表明：1．8％阿维菌素可湿性粉剂是防治小菜蛾的又一有效药剂,喷施30－40g/667m^2,防效达95％以上。     

毒死蜱与氟铃脲混配对棉铃虫的联合毒力和配方筛选试验

毒死蜱与氟铃脲混配,5种不同配比的混剂对棉铃虫2龄幼虫均有一定的增效作用。其中以毒死蜱∶氟铃脲为=10∶1的配比增效作用最大,共毒系数达167.29,增效作用显著。     

15%阿维菌素·毒死蜱水乳剂的配方研究

阿维菌素.毒死蜱水乳剂是一种新型的水乳剂农药。有效成分阿维菌素和毒死蜱在有机溶剂、乳化剂等助剂的作用下均匀分散于水中形成水乳剂。通过对溶剂、表面活性剂、水质等进行筛选,确定了阿维菌素.毒死蜱水乳剂的最佳配方。最佳配方主要组成如下:毒死蜱(14.8%),阿维菌素(0.2%),乙酸乙酯(12.0%),烷基苯基聚乙二醇醚(10.6%),丁醇(6.0%),自来水(51.6%)。     

阿维菌素与高效氯氰菊酯复配制剂及其生物活性的研究

本文用共毒系数法,研究了1%阿维菌素乳油和5%高效氯氰菊酯乳油不同配比的复配剂的增效作用。结果表明,1%阿维菌素乳油与5%高效氯氰菊酯乳油以体积比为1:1、1:5、1:10、1:15、1:20、1:30等六种配比的混剂,以桃蚜为供试昆虫,与相应的单剂相比,均具有一定程度的增效作用。在小田试验中试定1%阿维菌素乳油与5%高效氯氰菊酯乳油复配比例为1:20。以这种复配剂来防治桃蚜,田间使用浓度为2000倍,施药5天后的防效达93.12%,相当于1%阿维菌素乳油2000倍在施药后5天的效果。     

2%阿维菌素微乳剂防治甘蓝小菜蛾试验

进行田间试验以明确2%阿维菌素微乳剂防治甘蓝小菜蛾的效果。结果表明,2%阿维菌素微乳剂能够很好的控制甘蓝小菜蛾,且防治效果明显高于对照,对作物安全。     

1.8%阿维菌素水乳剂防治甘蓝小菜蛾药效试验

1.8%阿维菌素水乳剂对小菜蛾有很好的防效,与对照药剂1.8%阿维菌素EC防效相当,同时可兼治菜青虫、甜菜夜蛾等害虫,可大面积推广使用。     

两种农药对抗药性小菜蛾的联合作用研究

利用ＴＤＭ（ｔｉｍｅ－ｄｏｓｅ－ｍｏｒｌａｌｉｔｙ）模型处理生物测定数据,采用Ｃｒａｆｔｓ法进行混肥寻优。结果表明：对小物而言辛硫磷和阿维菌经按质量（有效成分）之比为４９：１混配时增效作用最大。室内结果在田间试验中得到验证。     

取食不同寄主植物的小菜蛾对定虫隆敏感性的变化

取食不同寄主植物的小菜蛾３龄幼虫对定虫隆的敏感性发生了显著的变化。其中，以取食萝卜的小菜蛾３龄幼虫最为敏感，其次是甘蓝、菜心、西洋菜和白菜，取食花椰菜的最不敏感。但用不同寄主植物饲养小菜蛾一个完整的世代，再统一用菜心饲养至３龄，用定虫隆生测的结果是，其敏感性差异不明显。本文还对因不同寄主植物诱导的小菜蛾药剂敏感性变化的实质进行了讨论。     

Molecular Cloning and Characterization of a P-Glycoprotein from the Diamondback Moth,Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

Macrocyclic lactones such as abamectin and ivermectin constitute an important class of broad-spectrum insecticides. Widespread resistance to synthetic insecticides, including abamectin and ivermectin, poses a serious threat to the management of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), a major pest of cruciferous plants worldwide. P-glycoprotein (Pgp), a member of the ABC transporter superfamily, plays a crucial role in the removal of amphiphilic xenobiotics, suggesting a mechanism for drug resistance in target organisms. In this study, PxPgp1, a putative Pgp gene from P. xylostella, was cloned and characterized. The open reading frame (ORF) of PxPgp1 consists of 3774 nucleotides, which encodes a 1257-amino acid peptide. The deduced PxPgp1 protein possesses structural characteristics of a typical Pgp, and clusters within the insect ABCB1. PxPgp1 was expressed throughout all developmental stages, and showed the highest expression level in adult males. PxPgp1 was highly expressed in midgut, malpighian tubules and testes. Elevated expression of PxPgp1 was observed in P. xylostella strains after they were exposed to the abamectin treatment. In addition, the constitutive expressions of PxPgp1 were significantly higher in laboratory-selected and field-collected resistant strains in comparison to their susceptible counterpart.     

Effects of Methoxyfenozide-Loaded Fluorescent Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles on Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) Mortality and Detoxification Enzyme Levels Activities

The diamond back moth, Plutella xylostella, causes severe damage at all crop stages, beside its rising resistance to all insecticides. The objective of this study was to look for a new control strategy such as application of insecticide-loaded carbon dot-embedded fluorescent mesoporous silica nanoparticles (FL-SiO₂ NPs). Two different-sized methoxyfenozide-loaded nanoparticles (Me@FL-SiO₂ NPs-70 nm, Me@FL-SiO₂ NPs-150 nm) were prepared, with loading content 15% and 16%. Methoxyfenozide was released constantly from Me@FL-SiO₂ NPs only at specific optimum pH 7.5. The release of methoxyfenozide from Me@FL-SiO₂ NPs was not observed other than this optimum pH, and therefore, we checked and controlled a single release condition to look out for the different particle sizes of insecticide-loaded NPs. This pH-responsive release pattern can find potential application in sustainable plant protection. Moreover, the lethal concentration of the LC₅₀ value was 24 mg/L for methoxyfenozide (TC), 14 mg/L for Me@FL-SiO₂ NPs-70 nm, and 15 mg/L for Me@FL-SiO₂ NPs-150 nm after 72 h exposure, respectively. After calculating the LC₅₀, the results predicted that Me@FL-SiO₂ NPs-70 nm and Me@FL-SiO₂ NPs-150 nm exhibited better insecticidal activity against P. xylostella than methoxyfenozide under the same concentrations of active ingredient applied. Moreover, the activities of detoxification enzymes of P. xylostella were suppressed by treatment with insecticide-loaded NPs, which showed that NPs could also be involved in reduction of enzymes. Furthermore, the entering of FL-SiO₂ NPs into the midgut of P. xylostella was confirmed by confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). For comparison, P. xylostella under treatment with water as control was also observed under CLSM. The control exhibited no fluorescent signal, while the larvae treated with FL-SiO₂ NPs showed strong fluorescence under a laser excitation wavelength of 448 nm. The reduced enzyme activities as well as higher cuticular penetration in insects indicate that the nano-based delivery system of insecticide could be potentially applied in insecticide resistance management.     

两种杀虫剂泡腾剂防治小菜蛾药效评价

应用5%甲维盐高氯和5%阿维高氯两种泡腾剂以及各对应单剂的不同制剂对小菜蛾幼虫进行了田间药效评价,结果表明:两种泡腾剂对小菜蛾幼虫均有良好效果,尤其是5%甲维盐高氯泡腾剂施药后7d的平均防效达90%以上,优于其他剂型的处理,对试验作物无药害。     

几种药剂对小菜蛾的田间药效比较

对0．3％印楝素乳油、1％甲维盐水乳剂、1．8％阿维菌素乳油、100g／L虫螨腈悬浮剂等生物药剂防治小菜蛾的田间药效进行了试验,结果表明用药后1d防效在43％～53％,药后3d防效在74％～86％,药后7d防效在79％～90％。其中1％甲维盐水乳剂药效较为理想,具有一定的速效性及良好的持效性,可推广使用。     

硫双威,双威菊酯防治小菜蛾的药效试验

防治小菜蛾田间小区药效试验结果表明：２０％硫双威和２０％双威菊酯可湿性粉剂在小菜蛾幼虫２－３龄期进行防治，均有较好的防效。每亩用１００克２０％可湿性粉剂校正防效在６６％以上，持效期可达７０天以上，两者药效和持效优于或接近每亩６０克１０％氯氰菊酯。     

15%阿维·毒死蜱乳油高效液相色谱分析

采用高效液相色谱法,以甲醇+水为流动相,使用紫外检测器、C18不锈钢柱分离测定15%阿维·毒死蜱乳油中的有效成分阿维菌素和毒死蜱。结果表明,阿维菌素和毒死蜱的标准偏差分别为0.0016和0.0305;变异系数分别为0.91%和0.20%;平均回收率为99.27%和99.85%;线性相关系数分别为0.9996和0.9994。     

15%印·烟混剂对小菜蛾室内毒力测定

采用浸渍法测定炯碱与印楝不同配比对小菜蛾的室内毒力,用孙云沛的共毒系数法评价了2种药剂的联合作用.结果表明:0.3%印楝乳油与70%烟碱乳油2种混配剂对小菜蛾有显著的增效作用,其中混配比为0.125%印楝·14.875%烟碱的增效作用最显著,此时的共毒系数高达264.71.