内置有障碍物时排风柜性能的实验研究

排风柜性能受到很多因素影响。本文采用实验方法分析了排风柜拉门高度500mm和拉门全开,不同面风速时,柜内障碍物对排风柜性能的影响。实验结果表明:排风柜面风速分布均匀性与面风速大小和柜内障碍物阻挡率呈线性函数关系;面风速越小,障碍物阻挡率越大,排风柜性能和面风速分布均匀性更差。     

再循环自净型排风柜面风速范围的最优化研究

采用数值模拟方法,分析了面风速、操作面设计形式,假人高度和位置对再循环自净型排风柜性能的影响.结果显示,面风速为0.4～0.7 m/s,操作面采用拉门设计,假人站立于操作面中央操作时,排风柜内、外的气流组织形式和对柜内化学物的控制效果较好.结合实测数据分析了面风速对过滤器吸附速度的影响.     

实验室排风柜面风速测试方法的对比研究及实验验证

面风速是排风柜性能的重要指标,本文对各国排风柜面风速测试标准进行总结和分析,比较了在测试条件、测试仪器、测试方法、结果的分析等方面的差异.通过构建的实验台对排风柜进行面风速的实测,根据多台不同厂家不同型号的排风柜面风速的实测结果,研究分析面风速分布特点,指出了实际测试中操作面上需重点关注的区域.     

操作窗口水平开度对排风柜性能影响的研究

本文以某台式排风柜为研究对象,以排风柜操作窗口水平开度及开口位置为变量,在排风柜标准化实验台上,采用实验测试的方法,研究在一定面风速条件下,排风柜操作窗口水平开度的变化对排风柜性能的影响。研究先进行了面风速测试,重复测试结果的分析表明。在同一面风速下,操作窗口水平开度及开口位置的变化并未对面风速分布的均匀性造成显著影响。然后,分析了排风柜示踪气体测试中,采样时间对测试结果不确定度的影响。分析结果表明,所使用的测试系统在示踪气体采样时间达到1800 s后,测试结果的相对不确定度降至10%以下。最后,采用示踪气体测试方法对比分析了操作窗口水平开度对排风柜污染物控制效果的影响。分析结果表明,操作窗口水平开度的大小对排风柜污染物控制效果有着较大的影响,操作窗口水平开度每降低400 mm,示踪气体测试检测到的控制浓度降低一个数量级水平。     

再循环自净型排风柜对室内环境影响的研究

本文用数值模拟的方法对再循环自净型排风柜的性能进行分析,当排风柜面风速一定时,改变排风柜出口处污染物浓度来分析经排风柜过滤后的空气携带污染物在房间里的速度场及浓度分布;并且模拟了房间内增加全面通风量及不同的换气次数对速度场及浓度分布的影响。     

操作窗口对排风柜污染物控制效果影响的实验研究

为提升排风柜的控污能力,在排风柜性能测试实验台上,采用示踪气体测试法和正交试验法,研究了操作窗口竖直开度、水平开度、面风速和操作窗口位置对排风柜前呼吸区污染物控制效果的影响。极差分析和方差分析结果表明:各因素对呼吸区污染物控制效果影响的强弱顺序依次为竖直开度、水平开度、面风速、操作窗口位置;操作窗口水平开度、竖直开度增大,排风柜对呼吸区的污染物控制效果减弱;面风速增大,控制效果增强;水平开度与竖直开度对控制浓度的影响存在较大的相关性,这2个因素对控制浓度的影响仅在另一因素达到一定水平后才能体现。     

柜门对排风柜污染物控制效果影响的模拟分析

本文基于计算流体动力学理论采用Realizable k-ε湍流模型对变风量排风柜的气流组织开展了三维数值模拟研究,并采用操作窗口最大浓度(C_(w,max))和呼吸区浓度(C)两项指标对柜门水平开度,竖直开度和面风速的影响进行了评估。研究结果从气流组织的角度解释柜门水平开度和竖直开度变化影响排风柜污染物控制效果的原理,给出了柜门水平开度,竖直开度和面风速影响排风柜污染物控制效果的主次顺序和影响趋势。对于变风量排风柜,综合考虑呼吸区污染物控制效果和污染物逸出的潜在风险,应优先对柜门的竖直开度进行控制,最佳的柜门竖直开度为500 mm。     

散流器送风口位置对排风柜性能的影响研究

以某简化的化学实验室-设置排风柜的房间为研究对象,通过对比国内外主流的排风柜评价和测试方法,得出排风柜的浓度和面风速主要用来评价排风柜的性能。从实验室散流器送风口的位置出发,采用正交试验设计,研究散流器风口在相对排风柜不同位置的情况下,通过对污染物浓度和排风柜面风速的波动性、均匀性测试研究,反映其对排风柜性能的影响。通过直观分析和方差分析得到各个因素的显著性排序,从而提出实验室散流器风口位置的最优设计方法。结果表明:综合比较下,散流器风口位置因素对排风柜性能影响大小依次为B(相对前后位置)A(相对左右位置)C(相对高低位置)。该工况下,风口的位置最优组合为A1B2C1,面风速的波动性与浓度相关性大。     

现代实验室变风量排风柜罩面风速的控制

论述了现代实验室变风量罩面风速的控制的意义，详细阐述了排风柜罩风速面风速控制的原理和方法。     

增大风速的踢脚送风及其置换通风特性研究

通过对某建筑进行实测和模拟的研究方法,改变送风温度,来验证踢脚送风风速从0.5 m/s变化至2 m/s时对应室内温度、风速的分布变化特性,发现与地板辐射供冷结合时,踢脚送风风速在小于1.5 m/s时,气流依然能够沉降下来,形成低温的"空气湖",散布在地面上方,发挥置换室内热浊气流的作用,为踢脚送风系统增大风速运行,提高系统供冷能力提供了可行性保障。     

Experimental study on airflow fluctuation characteristic of an underfloor air supply terminal unit

In order to investigate dynamic characteristic of underfloor air supply terminal unit, an IFV900A hot-wire anemometer was used to measure the corresponding velocity field. Turbulence intensity and power spectrum density exponent of air velocity signal were analyzed. The result showed that the outlet velocity distribution of underfloor air supply terminal unit was uniform. With increment of height, the velocity distribution trends to be uniform. Two velocity attenuation regions appear during airflow development. Turbulence intensity changes obviously with height. It is lower than that of mechanical wind. Turbulence intensity goes up with the increment of jetting distance. Power spectrum density exponent trends to the value of natural wind with increase of jetting distance and decrease of wind velocity. The exponent value approaches to the value of typical natural wind for the air velocity is 0.5 m/s under high supply air rate. With airflow diffusion, the fluctuation characteristic of airflow varies obviously with the jetting direction. The fluctuation characteristic of airflow changes to that of natural wind with the increase of height which can improve comfort of indoor environment.     

Study of FDS simulations of buoyant fire-induced smoke movement in a high-rise building stairwell

Numerical simulations of fire-induced smoke movement in the stairwell of a high-rise building are conducted using FDS, version 6.0.1, with default settings. Twelve scenarios are considered. The required fineness of the grid has been determined in earlier work by considering both the fire source and the vent flow, and by assessing the velocity profile at the bottom opening and the vertical distribution of temperature in the stairwell. In the present study, the results including the airflow velocity at the bottom opening, vertical distribution of temperature, the temperature at the middle opening, pressure distribution, and neutral plane height in the stairwell, are compared to experimental data. For the average velocity through the bottom opening, a maximum deviation of 16.23% is obtained. Good agreement is achieved for the vertical temperature inside the stairwell (maximum relative deviation of 12.3%). By analyzing the temperature at the middle opening, it is found that the smoke moves faster than in the experiment. The influence of the staircase on the pressure distribution is demonstrated by comparing two cases: one with and one without staircase. The difference between the pressure inside the stairwell and the pressure outside increases with height, due to fire-induced buoyancy. However, the pressure difference evolution is non-monotonic when there are staircases inside the stairwell. The neutral plane height value, as obtained by post-processing the simulation results, is too high in the simulations, compared to experimental data and the corresponding analytical expression. Finally, the influence of the turbulence model is shown to be negligible.     

Human convective boundary layer and its interaction with room ventilation flow

This study investigates the interaction between the human convective boundary layer (CBL) and uniform airflow with different velocity and from different directions. Human body is resembled by a thermal manikin with complex body shape and surface temperature distribution as the skin temperature of an average person. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) and pseudocolor visualization (PCV) are applied to identify the flow around the manikin's body. The findings show that the direction and magnitude of the surrounding airflows considerably influence the airflow distribution around the human body. Downward flow with velocity of 0.175 m/s does not influence the convective flow in the breathing zone, while flow at 0.30 m/s collides with the CBL at the nose level reducing the peak velocity from 0.185 to 0.10 m/s. Transverse horizontal flow disturbs the CBL at the breathing zone even at 0.175 m/s. A sitting manikin exposed to airflow from below with velocity of 0.30 and 0.425 m/s assisting the CBL reduces the peak velocity in the breathing zone and changes the flow pattern around the body, compared to the assisting flow of 0.175 m/s or quiescent conditions. In this case, the airflow interaction is strongly affected by the presence of the chair.     

基于风热环境的开敞空间周边建筑围合研究

城市形态与环境舒适性的关系是城市设计的热门议题。探讨风热环境参数与街区围合度的关系及开敞空间周边建筑的围合形式，目的在于为空间形态控制提供思考路径。选取武汉市的开敞空间共68处作为研究对象，在此基础上抽象出具有代表性的街区理想空间模型，运用Phoenics软件量化模拟冬夏两季典型日的典型时刻不同围合度下室外环境空气速度、温度和空气压力值，并进行相关性分析。结果显示，城市集中建设区开敞空间周边建筑围合度与夏季空气速度呈负相关关系。最后根据风环境对人体影响的分析结果对开敞空间提出相应的城市设计建议。     

Experimental investigation of the velocity distribution of the attached plane jet after impingement with the corner in a high room

Supplying air into rooms properly without causing a sensation of draught is a challenging task. Airflow patterns and the air velocity of attached plane jets should be predicted and designed accurately before the airflow enters an occupied zone in different applications. The objective of this study is to identify the airflow patterns of attached plane jets and set up an efficient model to predict the maximum jet velocity decay of an attached plane jet after its impingement with the corner in a high room. A full-scale test chamber was used to measure the jet velocity with a plane jet supply device. The attached plane jet is bounded initially by the ceiling and the insulated wall after being discharged from the jet slot. Three velocities from the slot, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 m/s, are used as the initial jet velocities with three Reynolds numbers, 1000, 2000, and 4000, respectively. The results show that the behaviours of the attached plane jet differ from earlier studies carried out in a relatively low room. The virtual origin model setup in this study can be used to predict the maximum jet velocity decay for jet flow design with impingement in the corners of rooms.     

The assessment of the performance of a windcatcher system using computational fluid dynamics

Natural ventilation is increasingly being used in modern residential buildings to minimize the consumption of non-renewable energy and the reliance on active means for environmental control. Innovative green features such as the windcatcher has made use of natural ventilation in residential buildings for increasing ventilation rate. This paper presents a numerical study of assessment of the performance of windcatcher using computational fluid dynamics. A 500 mm square windcatcher system connected to the room has been modeled for different wind speeds in the range of 0.5–6 m/s and four different wind directions. The numerical results generally agree with the published experimental results of a wind tunnel experiment. The numerical results demonstrate that the windcatcher performance is greatly influenced by the external wind speed and direction with respect to the windcatcher quadrants. In all cases studied, the maximum velocity of air entering the room is close to the external wind speed and the windcatcher system is found to be an efficient way to channel fresh air into the room. The study also shows that the airflow rate of the air entering the room increases with the wind speed and slightly decreases with the wind incidence angle when the wind speed is lower than 3 m/s. In addition, the results show that the uniformity of air inlet decreases with increasing the wind speed and the incidence angle.     

HMX粉尘云火焰传播规律研究

采用改进的可视化Hartmann装置,研究HMX粉尘云爆炸火焰传播规律,观察不同HMX粉尘云质量浓度及粒度对其粉尘云爆炸火焰传播速度及火焰传播高度的影响。结果表明：HMX粉尘质量浓度从74.1 g/m³变化为185.1 g/m³,火焰传播最大高度从29.97 cm增加为60.81 cm,最大速度从58.91 m/s增加为175 m/s;火焰波动幅度随质量浓度的增加而增大,同时,火焰波动出现的时间明显提前。HMX粉尘粒径从19.02 μm增大为53.56 μm时,火焰传播最大高度由55.45 cm降低为40.02 cm,最大火焰传播速度由181.93 m/s降低为121.28 m/s,火焰波动幅度显著降低,火焰波动出现的时间推迟。