CPR1000型压水堆14C产生量研究

本文阐述了压水堆中¹⁴C的主要产生机理,利用蒙特卡罗程序MCNP5建立了精确的三维堆芯模型,计算了堆芯各辐照区的47群中子注量率,计算得到一回路冷却剂、燃料芯块和包壳及堆芯上下反射层的¹⁴C产生率和年产生量。结果表明,计算模型、参数及计算假设具有一定的代表性,计算结果适用于CPR1000型压水堆核电机组。     

Characterization of neutron field in the experimental fast reactor JOYO for fuel and structural material irradiation test

The experimental fast reactor JOYO has been operated as an irradiation test facility for fast reactor fuel and structural material since 1983 with its MK-II core. During this time, an extensive study was conducted to characterize the neutron field in order to assure the accuracy and reliability of neutron fluence. Neutron flux for a given irradiation test was calculated using a core management code system based on three-dimensional diffusion theory. It was then corrected with the adjusted neutron spectrum by means of the multiple foil activation method. The neutron fluence calculation accuracy in the fuel region was evaluated within a 5% error by comparing the burn-up of spent fuel with the measured values, which had been obtained from their post-irradiation examination. At positions away from the fuel region, the neutron flux distribution was calculated using a two-dimensional transport code. A Monte Carlo code was also used to analyze the detailed neutron flux distribution within an irradiation test subassembly that had a heterogeneous internal structure. With the neutron flux results various irradiation parameters, such as displacement per atom (dpa) and helium production, could be evaluated. A helium accumulation fluence monitor has been developed to measure not only neutron fluence but also helium production. Neutron flux and fluence obtained from the core management calculations were compiled as a database for users’ convenience together with related irradiation information and fuel subassembly material compositions. These data are expected to be widely used in the post-irradiation analysis of fuel and structural material.     

熔盐实验堆MSRE堆芯罐和反应堆容器辐照损伤计算与分析

本文采用蒙特卡罗程序MCNP5对熔盐实验堆MSRE的堆芯罐和反应堆容器的中子辐照损伤量--原子离位数率(DPA rate)进行计算与分析。确定了堆芯罐和反应堆容器上的中子注量率分布,对其中中子注量率最大的区域进行详细的原子离位数率计算。计算显示堆芯罐和反应堆容器最大的原子离位数率均发生在内表面、堆中心平面处、θ角度在22°~34°之间的区域,最大原子离位数率可达3.90×10^-9s^-1,且快中子对原子离位数率贡献要大于热中子。研究结论对新概念熔盐堆设计和参数选择具有重要的实际意义。     

基于启明星Ⅱ号的铅基堆核数据宏观检验

为提高铅基堆中子学模拟的可靠性,基于启明星Ⅱ号铅基零功率反应堆,开展铅基堆相关核数据的入堆宏观基准检验研究。采用周期法测量堆芯反应性,进而获得有效增殖因数keff为1001 14±0000 07。采用MCNP程序对铅基堆进行精细化建模,结合不同数据库内的中子评价核数据,计算实验燃料棒装载下的铅基堆芯的keff。比较结果可知,4种截面库计算的铅基堆keff模拟结果与实验结果吻合较好,最大相对偏差小于1%,其中,ENDF/B Ⅶ.1库的模拟结果与实验结果吻合最好,相对偏差和绝对偏差分别为025%和251 pcm。通过计算关键材料元素核数据引起keff的变化量,可知铅元素核数据引起的堆芯keff结果的波动量最大,在CENDL 31和JENDL 40中的铅元素引起keff的波动值分别为219 pcm和166 pcm。     

基于MCNP的压力容器快中子注量率计算参数敏感性分析

本文以NUREG/CR-6115PWR压力容器注量计算基准题中的标准堆芯装载模式为基础,使用MCNP程序及基于ENDF/B-Ⅵ库的连续能量截面库对其进行了压力容器快中子注量率（E＞1.0MeV）的计算,并在此基础上对截面库、燃耗、裂变谱以及NONU卡等影响计算精度的因素进行了敏感性分析。结果表明,上述参数对基准模型快中子注量率的影响分别为4.12%、5.5%～7.6%、18%和6.7%左右。     

堆内超临界水回路辐照装置物理参数模拟研究

堆内超临界水回路对我国超临界水堆燃料和结构材料的辐照腐蚀实验具有重要意义,辐照装置位于反应堆堆芯栅格,是超临界水回路的核心部件。采用MCNP程序模拟研究辐照装置的关键物理参数,并考虑超临界水热物特性对物理参数的反馈效应。计算得到辐照装置热中子注量率为4.72×10¹³ cm^-2•s^-1,快中子注量率为1.55×10¹⁴ cm^-2•s^-1,辐照产热率为14.7 kW,反应性引入为0.045%。     

Monte Carlo simulation of core physics parameters of the Nigeria Research Reactor-1 (NIRR-1)

The Monte Carlo N-Particle (MCNP) code, version 4C (MCNP4C) and a set of neutron cross-section data were used to develop an accurate three-dimensional computational model of the Nigeria Research Reactor-1 (NIRR-1). The geometry of the reactor core was modeled as closely as possible including the details of all the fuel elements, reactivity regulators, the control rod, all irradiation channels, and Be reflectors. The following reactor core physics parameters were calculated for the present highly enriched uranium (HEU) core: clean cold core excess reactivity (ρ_ex), control rod (CR) and shim worth, shut down margin (SDM), neutron flux distributions in the irradiation channels, reactivity feedback coefficients and the kinetics parameters. The HEU input model was validated by experimental data from the final safety analyses report (SAR). The model predicted various key neutronics parameters fairly accurately and the calculated thermal neutron fluxes in the irradiation channels agree with the values obtained by foil activation method. Results indicate that the established Monte Carlo model is an accurate representation of the NIRR-1 HEU core and will be used to perform feasibility for conversion to low enriched uranium (LEU).     

环形元件超高通量堆堆芯初步概念设计

基于环形燃料元件,提出了一种超高通量堆(UFR)堆芯概念设计。UFR燃料组件设计采用61个燃料元件构成的六角形组件,堆芯采用52盒燃料组件、9盒控制棒组件和厚反射层设计。通过开展堆芯概念设计方案评价,给出了堆芯循环长度、中子注量率、中子能谱、中子空间分布等关键参数。结果表明,在当前的总体参数下所提出的UFR的最大中子注量率可达到1.0×10¹⁶ cm^-2·s^-1。     

确定反应堆核功率刻度中修正系数的新方法

基于Westcott理论刻度反应堆核功率是目前应用最为广泛的方法,但该方法需要用到大量的修正参数,而修正参数在很大程度上依赖于基于某些特定堆型的经验公式,非常繁琐。本工作利用MCNP程序对堆芯乃至堆芯内活化箔的布置情况进行精确描述,通过理论计算直接得到活化箔活性与反应堆核功率之间的关联系数,从而直接用实验测得的堆芯中子注量分布及归一点的活化箔活性导出反应堆的功率。该方法具有简单、准确度高、适用范围广等特点。本工作以300＃反应堆为例,将理论计算结果与实验测量结果进行了比较,验证了该方法的可行性。     

SPRR-300反应堆大热柱内中子注量率及能谱分布

利用MCNP程序校核ANISN程序计算出的堆芯分布，进行一维空间简化的修正；同时采用延伸横向尺寸的方法近似替代无法在一维模型中建立的反射层，以进行横向中子泄漏修正。经此修正后，用一维ANISN程序计算了SPRR-300反应堆热柱内的中子注量率分布和中子能谱。热柱内镉比的程序计算值与实验测量结果基本一致，两者间的偏差在5%以内，个别位置处的偏差不大于10%。这一结果表明，对热柱内中子注量率分布及能谱等深穿透问题，采用确定论一维离散程序ANISN可获得很好的计算结果。     

基于IQS/MC方法的ADS次临界反应堆中子时空动力学模拟分析

采用改进准静态近似与蒙特卡罗中子输运程序相结合(IQS/MC)的方法实现了加速器驱动的次临界系统(ADS)中子时空动力学模拟计算。以加速器驱动嬗变研究装置的靶堆耦合参考方案物理模型为例,通过对束流瞬变引入和燃料组件提升两种工况进行动态模拟,计算得到了堆芯总的相对功率、分能群相对中子注量率及相对功率三维网格分布随时间的变化。将IQS/MC方法计算结果与点堆计算结果进行了对比分析,模拟结果符合物理规律,两种方法对比结果与国外相关文献一致,表明IQS/MC方法适用于ADS次临界反应堆中子时空动力学过程的瞬态安全分析。     

小型长寿命核能系统燃料物理性能的研究

本文在简要说明世界上小型长寿命核能系统研究现状的基础上,提出了使用钍-铀燃料和铅-铋冷却剂构造小型长寿命堆芯的设想,并为此进行了一系列燃料物理性能的研究.对于长寿命核能系统的堆芯物理设计,使反应性随燃耗变动最小非常重要,同时应该尽可能地提高堆芯的燃耗以满足长寿命运行的需求.本文使用MCNP和MCBurn程序详细计算分析了使用不同的初始驱动燃料、不同栅格、燃料成分和类型、富集度条件下,燃料栅元的燃耗反应性变化等性能,并对其进行了能谱、转换比、富集度变化等方面的分析,经过对比初步确定了使用钍-铀燃料构造长寿命堆芯的物理条件,并以此为起点构造出一个堆芯,计算给出了反应性空泡系数等安全参数.     

基于蒙特卡罗方法的三维燃耗计算研究

采用通过编写连接MCNP程序和ORIGEN2程序的接口处理程序的方法进行快中子系统的燃耗计算。由MCNP、ORIGEN2、接口处理程序和截面文件组成的软件系统可用于燃料或堆芯非均匀布置快中子系统的燃料同位素成分和燃耗反应性损失计算,在燃耗反应性损失计算中采用了伪裂变产物的方法。介绍程序系统的研制情况,并给出用该软件系统计算中国实验快堆首炉堆芯和OECD/NEAMOX燃料快堆基准题的燃耗计算结果。     

空间锂冷概念快堆堆芯中子学特性研究

本文研究了一种空间锂冷概念快堆的堆芯中子学特性。反应堆燃料采用氮化铀,冷却剂采用⁷Li液态金属,主要结构材料采用W-25%Re。反应堆的控制靠反射层内的控制鼓来实现。建立了程序的计算模型,通过计算和分析,给出了堆芯的主要尺寸和物理参数,计算了堆芯的控制鼓价值、燃耗和功率分布。分析了堆芯中Re的谱移吸收特性和满功率运行7 a不需换料的性能,谱移吸收特性能确保反应堆在发射失败浸在水或湿沙中时处于次临界状态。     

高温气冷堆中子时空动力学实时仿真计算

本文研究开发了三维圆柱几何堆芯多群中子时空动力学改进准静态方法模拟计算程序。对给定的模块式高温气冷堆模型进行了模拟计算。在初始状态下,该程序的计算结果与中子扩散程序CITATION的计算结果吻合很好。在动态情况下,模拟了堆芯反应性、堆内各能群中子平均注量率和堆芯相对功率等物理量随时间的变化。计算结果与理论分析一致,在一定精度下,可达到实时仿真计算的要求。     

CERMET-SNRE堆芯物理计算分析

核火箭发动机功率高、寿命长、比冲大,在执行深空探测和星际航行任务时具有不可替代的优势。小型化是核火箭发动机的一个重要趋势,基于此提出了一种使用钨基金属陶瓷燃料的小型核火箭发动机（CERMET-SNRE）堆芯方案,并采用蒙特卡罗程序（MCNP）进行了精确建模,计算了相关物理参数。计算分析结果表明：CERMET-SNRE堆芯能谱硬,燃耗浅,后备反应性足够,功率分布合理,控制鼓与安全棒价值足够,发射掉落事故下有效增殖因数小于0.98,堆芯方案合理,满足设计要求。     

Monte Carlo calculation of the core of the heavy water zero power reactor (HWZPR) using MCNP4c

The MCNP4c code, based on the probabilistic approach, was used to simulate 3D configuration of the core of the heavy water zero power reactor (HWZPR). In present work, first, all of the constituents of the core such as fuel pellets, fuel element, moderator (D₂O) and annular graphite reflector were modeled using MCNP4c code. Then calculations of axial and radial neutron fluxes were performed in three energy groups such as thermal (0-0.625 eV), epithermal (0.625-550 eV), and fast (0.550-20 MeV). The cadmium ratio was calculated as well and the neutron flux parameters such as extrapolated height (H_e), extrapolated radius (R_e) and physical center of the core (z₀) were computed using cadmium ratio. Comparison of the neutron flux parameters with the experimental data showed that the MCNP4c model of the HWZPR was validated.     

基于蒙特卡罗-离散纵标双向耦合方法的堆坑粒子注量率计算

为有效解决大型复杂核设施屏蔽计算问题,研究了三维蒙特卡罗(MC)-离散纵标（S_N）双向耦合方法,通过自主开发接口程序实现MC粒子概率分布与S_N角通量密度之间的相互转换,实现MC-S_N双向耦合计算。将基于MC-S_N双向耦合方法的程序用于某反应堆堆坑底部粒子注量率计算。利用MC程序建立堆芯及堆坑处的精细模型进行计算,三维S_N程序用于堆芯下表面与压力容器底面之间区域的计算。通过MC-S_N-MC两步耦合计算,给出堆坑通道及小室内的中子和光子注量率。三维MC-S_N双向耦合方法计算结果与单一MCNP程序结果吻合较好,初步验证了该方法是解决大型复杂核装置屏蔽问题的有效工具。     

Burnup analysis and in-core fuel management study of the 3 MW TRIGA MARK II research reactor

The principal objective of this study is to formulate an effective optimal fuel management strategy for the TRIGA MARK II research reactor at AERE, Savar. The core management study has been performed by utilizing four basic types of information calculated for the reactor: criticality, power peaking, neutron flux and burnup calculation. This paper presents the results of the burnup calculations for TRIGA LEU fuel elements. The fuel element burnup for approximately 20 years of operation was calculated using the TRIGAP compute code. The calculation is performed in one-dimensional radial geometry in TRIGAP. Inter-comparison of TRIGAP results with other two calculations performed by MVP-BURN and MCNP4C-ORIGEN2.1 show very good agreement. Reshuffling at 20,000 MWh step provides the highest core lifetime of the reactor, which is 64,500 MWh. Besides, the study gives valuable insight into the behaviour of the reactor and will ensure better utilization and operation of the reactor in future.     

Development of a Method for Evaluation of Pin-wise Power Distribution in Fuel Assemblies of Fast Reactors

In the design of fast reactor core with higher burnup and higher linear power, prediction accuracy of burnup history of fuel pin should be upgraded so as to assure fuel integrity without extra design margin under increased neutron fluence and burnup. A method is studied to predict fuel pin-wise power and its burnup history in fast reactors accurately based on an analytic solution of diffusion theory equation on hexagonal geometry with boundary condition from core calculation by finite-differenced diffusion calculation code. The present method is applied to a fast reactor core model, and its accuracy in predicting fuel pin power is tested. The result is compared with the reference solution by the finite difference calculation with very fine mesh. It is found that the present method predicts the power peaking factors in fuel assemblies accurately. The fuel pin-wise nuclide depletion calculation is also done using neutron fluxes for each fuel pin. The result shows that the fuel pin-wise depletion calculation is very important in predicting the burnup history of the fuel assembly in detail.