中孔活性碳纤维

目前生产的活性炭纤维 (ACF)以微孔为主 ,孔径大体在 10 左右 ,吸附小分子 (Mw在30 0以下 ) ,而吸附大分子需开发中孔 (2 0～ 5 0 )产品。介绍了中孔ACF的制造方法及其制品的应用。     

室内颗粒物的健康效应及控制标准

为了深入了解室内颗粒物对人体的危害,分析影响颗粒物对人体危害的因素,讨论相关控制标准,指出我国相关控制标准存在的问题,并对相关标准的修订提出一些建议。     

生物活性炭纤维的制备及其水处理

用活性炭纤维（ACF）代替传统生物活性炭法（BAC）中的颗粒活性炭（GAC），探索生物活性炭纤维（BACF）的水处理技术。首先考察了活性炭纤维的自然挂膜性能，肯定了ACF的可挂膜性。而后采用两种人工挂膜：活性污泥上清液（sL）挂膜和菌液（ML）挂膜，得到两种BACF：SL-BACF和ML-BACF。用扫描电镜研究微生物在ACF上生长情况，并采用形成的BACF处理微污染原水。结果表明：BACF去除有机污染物效果好，明显优于BAC技术。出水高锰酸盐法化学需氧量（CODMn）指标符合国家饮用水标准，水质稳定。比较两种人工挂膜形成的BACF，发现ML-BACF中的微生物量少于SL-BACF，但出水效果和处理量则优于SL-BACF。     

Pristine and amino functionalized carbon nanotubes reinforced glass fiber epoxy composites

Multi-phase composites have been studied by incorporating carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as a secondary reinforcement in an epoxy matrix which was then reinforced with glass fiber mat. Different types of CNTs e.g. amino functionalized carbon nanotubes (ACNT) and pristine carbon nanotubes (PCNT) were homogeneously dispersed in the epoxy matrix and two-ply laminates were fabricated using vacuum-assisted resin infusion molding technique. The issues related to CNT dispersion and interfacial bonding and its affect on the mechanical properties have been studied. An important finding of this study is that PCNT scores over ACNT in composites prepared under certain conditions. This is a very significant finding since PCNT is available at a much lower cost than ACNT.     

Adsorption dynamics of trichlorofluoromethane in activated carbon fiber beds

Adsorption on carbon fixed-beds is considered as an inexpensive and highly effective way for controlling chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) emissions. In the present work, a dynamic model under constant-pattern wave conditions has been developed to predict the breakthrough behavior of trichlorofluoromethane (CFC-11) adsorption in a fixed bed packed with activated carbon fibers (ACFs). The adsorption of CFC-11 vapor onto viscose-based ACFs was performed in a fixed bed at different test conditions. The results showed that, in a deep bed (>120 mm), the analytical model based on the external mass transfer with the Langmuir isotherm could describe the adsorption dynamics well. The model parameters, the characteristic breakthrough time and the film mass-transfer coefficients are related to such operating parameters as the superficial gas velocity, feed concentration and bed height. It was found from the breakthrough dynamics that the mass transfer from the fluid phase to the fiber surface dominated the CFC-11 adsorption onto ACFs in fixed beds.     

Influence of functionalized carbon nanofibers on the single carbon fiber–epoxy matrix interface

Amine-functionalized carbon nanofibers (A-CNFs) were deposited on the surface of individual sized carbon fibers using electrophoretic deposition (EPD), and the average interfacial shear strength (IFSS) was determined using the single fiber fragmentation test in conjunction with Weibull analysis. The IFSS decreased by 25% for fibers acting as the negative electrode in water without CNFs, and the impact of agglomerates on IFSS estimation is discussed. Further, a 187% IFSS increase was achieved for fibers undergoing a two-stage A-CNF EPD approach.     

活性炭纤维在治理水和大气污染中的应用

本文介绍了活性炭纤维的基本性能及其在水处理与大气污染中的应用。在水处理中的应用主要表现在净化用饮水以达到饮用标准和处理工业废水以达到排放标准 ,在治理大气污染方面主要体现在对有害气体如SO2 、NOx 和H2 S等的吸附。最后展望了活性炭纤维在环保领域的应用前景     

Breakthrough of methyethylketone and benzene vapors in activated carbon fiber beds

The breakthrough of low concentration methyethylketone (MEK) and benzene vapors in beds packed with rayon-based activated carbon fiber (ACF) with different surface areas was investigated. The breakthrough characteristics depend on the properties of the ACF and the vapors, as well as on the adsorption conditions. The results of dynamic adsorption in an ACF bed were consistent with those of equilibrium adsorption by gravimetric methods. The breakthrough adsorption indicates that ACF, with an appropriate surface area, could be utilized in controlling volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in indoor air.     

活性碳纤维制品的研究与应用

介绍了聚丙烯腈基活性碳纤维的制备工艺和其制品开发的技术措施 ,并论述了活性碳纤维在医药及食品工业方面的应用。     

表面氧化处理对碳纤维及其水泥石性能的影响

碳纤维与水泥石界面的粘接状况是影响碳纤维水泥石材料性能的关键因素之一，为此，通过测试碳纤维的表面浸润性以及碳纤维水泥石的力学性能，研究了经过NaClO氧化处理后，碳纤维表面性能以及碳纤维与水泥石界面粘结性能的变化．研究结果表明：碳纤维的氧化处理可以提高其表面对水的浸润性，改善碳纤维与水泥石的粘结界面，提高碳纤维水泥石的压敏特性。     

Sampling and analysis of airborne particulate matter and aerosols using in-needle trap and SPME fiber devices

A needle trap device (NTD) and commercial poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) 7-microm film thickness solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fibers were used for the sampling and analysis of aerosols and airborne particulate matter (PM) from an inhaler-administered drug, spray insect repellant, and tailpipe diesel exhaust. The NTD consisted of a 0.53-mm o.d. stainless steel needle having 5 mm of quartz wool packing section near the needle tip. Samples were collected by drawing air across the NTD with a Luertip syringe or via direct exposure of the SPME fiber. The mass loading of PM was varied by adjusting the volume of air pulled through the NTD or by varying the sampling time for the SPME fiber. The air volumes ranged from 0.1 to 50 mL, and sampling times varied from 10 s to 16 min. Particulates were either trapped on the needle packing or sorbed onto the SPME fiber. The devices were introduced to a chromatograph/mass spectrometer (GC/MS) injector for 5 min desorption. In the case of the NTD, 10 microL of clean air was delivered by a gas-tight syringe to aid the introduction of desorbed analytes. The compounds sorbed onto particles extracted by the SPME fiber or trapped in the needle device were desorbed in the injector and no carry-over was observed. Both devices performed well in extracting airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in diesel exhaust, triamcinolone acetonide in a dose of asthma drug and DEET in a dose of insect repellant spray. Results suggest that the NTDs and PDMS 7-microm fibers can be used for airborne particulate sampling and analysis, providing a simple, fast, reusable, and cost-effective screening tool. The advantage of the SPME fiber is the open-bed geometry allowing spectroscopic investigations of particulates; for example, with Raman microspectroscopy.     

木棉基活性碳纤维的制备研究

用不同预氧化条件与不同活化温度制得新型木棉基活性碳纤维(ACF).应用N2吸附-脱附等温曲线对其表面孔结构进行表征.采用热重分析研究木棉纤维的活化过程和预氧化对于活化过程的影响.结果表明,制备木棉基ACF的最佳工艺条件是先在(NH4)2HPO4中进行浸渍,然后在空气中氧化,最后在650℃下活化.无论是否进行预氧化,该类活性碳纤维的平均孔径均约为2nm;预氧化处理会改变材料的比表面积,最佳条件下得到的纤维具有最大的比表面积(1518m2·g-1);热失重分析表明,预氧化使得(ACF)的热稳定性提高.     

大孔活性碳纤维的初探

活性碳纤维的孔大小和结构对于被吸附物质的分子大小起着决定作用。使用常规方法只能获得孔宽度小于 2nm的微孔活性活性碳纤维 ,近年来采用一些特殊方法也只能获得中孔型。本实验采用高膨润度值的粘胶纤维 ,在国内首次制得了表面具有大孔分布的大孔活性碳纤维 ,以浓度为4 0g/L的磷酸三铵溶液浸泡 ,获得的活性碳纤维表面大孔覆盖率达 3个 / μm2 ,其大孔主要分布在 5 0～2 0 0nm之间     

Adsorption of p-nitrophenol from aqueous solutions onto activated carbon fiber

The adsorption of p-nitrophenol (PNP) onto activated carbon fiber (ACF) was investigated in simulated wastewater in a batch system to evaluate the effects of solution pH, presence of sodium chloride, adsorbent doses and temperature. It was found that PNP adsorption amount depended on pH, sodium chloride content, adsorbent doses and temperature. Langmuir and Freundlich models were applied to describe the adsorption isotherms. Freundlich model agreed with experimental data well, indicating the possibility of more than just one monomolecular layer of coverage. SEM photographs of ACF before and after adsorption revealed that it was in part with multimolecular layers of coverage on ACF surfaces. The change of free energy, enthalpy, and entropy of adsorption were also evaluated for the adsorption process. The pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models were used to describe the kinetic data. The experimental data fitted very well the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Attempts were made to desorb PNP from ACF using dilute NaOH solution and water, and desorption efficiency was obtained to the extent of 92.7% with 0.025 M NaOH and water at 368 K.     

载Mn活性炭纤维的制备及性能研究

采用化学活化法制备载Mn活性炭纤维(ACF-Mn),考察了活化剂的浓度、活化时间对吸附性能的影响,利用XRD、SEM、EDX等手段描述了晶体结构,表面形貌和元素组成.结果表明,制备ACF-Mn的最佳工艺条件为:活化剂浓度2%,活化温度700℃,活化时间80min,ACF-Mn的碘吸附值和碱性官能团含量分别为905mg·g-1和83mmol·g-1,得率为88%,担载Mn的质量百分比为2.26%,原子百分比为0.28%.ACF-Mn为乱层石墨微晶结构,微晶尺寸较小,有利于微孔形成,处理后的纤维表面粗糙度和碱性官能团含量明显增大,提高了ACF的吸附性能.     

活性炭纤维对铂(Ⅳ)的还原吸附及其影响因素的研究

载铂活性炭纤维在燃料电池催化材料的制备等方面具有重要的应用前景.本文比较了水蒸汽活化和磷酸或氯化锌活化活性炭纤维对水溶液中铂离子的还原吸附性能,并研究了影响活性炭纤维对铂的还原吸附的几种因素.结果表明,不同工艺制备的活性炭纤维,由于其电极电位的差异,其对铂离子的吸附容量也不同;水蒸汽活化和氯化锌活化活性炭纤维由于具有低的电极电位,因而表现出对铂离子更大的还原倾向,在吸附的初期,表现出更快的吸附速度.纤维状的活性炭纤维比颗粒状的活性炭具有更快的吸附速度.溶液的酸度也显著影响活性炭纤维对铂离子的还原吸附能力;低的pH下,活性炭纤维对铂一般具有更强的还原吸附容量.     

高比表面积活性炭研制进展

高比表面积活性炭具有发达的内部孔隙结构和超强的吸附性能,它作为一种新型材料在许多高效吸附功能材料领域有广阔的应用前景,如化工、制药、食品和环境保护等领域。本文综述了活性炭的制备方法和国内外活性炭的研制状况,展望了活性炭发展趋势,并就目前的两大研究热点高比表面积活性炭在双电层电容器和溶剂回收两大领域的应用进行了着重探讨。