用碘化钾滴定金基和钯基合金中的银

研究了在氨性介质中以碘化钾为滴定剂使用各种指示电极检测终点电位滴定银,讨论外来离子的干扰影响.提出以Ag—AgI指示电极(vs、SCE)、不经分离直接测定银的方法.方法适用于Au—Ag—Cu、Au—Ag—Cu—Gd、Pd—Ag、Pd—Ag—Cu—Au—Pt—Zn等合金中银的分析.     

从银电解液中提取铂和钯的新方法

研究了从大量银存在的弱酸性硝酸溶液中选择性沉淀提取钯的反应,提出了一个用丁基黄药作沉淀剂从银电解液中提取铂和钯非常有效的方法。此法对含铂和钯以及含钯不含铂的两种银电解液均适用,选择性很高,当沉淀剂用量从不过量到过量10％,反应温度80～85℃,时间1小时,铂和钯的沉淀率可达99％,银的共沉淀率一般均在2％以内。     

纳米铂修饰钯系涂层钛阳极的研究

采用纳米铂修饰获得PdO-Pt/Ti电极,同时也制备了PdO/Ti电极作为对比.研究表明,所制备的PdO-Pt/Ti涂层是由氧化钯和金属铂组成的复合涂层.纳米相铂颗粒分散在PdO涂层中,起到明显的提高表面粗糙度和表面活性面积的效果.由于采用高耐蚀的金属铂修饰,使新电极的强化寿命提高10倍以上.纳米铂修饰PdO/Ti电极可以使其电催化性能和稳定性都得到明显提高.     

巯基活性炭分离富集发射光谱法同时测定金、铂、钯和铊

研究了巯基活性炭在盐酸介质中对金、铂、钯和铊的吸附能力。该法具有吸附速度快、吸附容量大、在一定条件下，普通金属不被吸附的特点，可用于分离富集各类矿物中微量贵金属。吸附后巯基活性炭低温灰化，与缓冲剂混合发射光谱法同时测定金、铂、钯和铊，选择锆作内标线，直接压样于杯形的石墨电极中，该方法简便、快速、准确。对测定条件、干扰因素进行了研究，从而建立测定金、铂、钯和铊的新方法。金、铂、钯和铊的分析线分别为312.3nm，306．5nm，311．4nm和313．1nm，内标线选择为310．7nm的锆，金、铂、钯和铊的线性范围(原子百分数)分别为0～0．20％，0～0．40％，0～0．20％和0～0．40％。金、铂、钯和铊的检测限分别0．01％，0．003％，0．003％和0．001％。用于样品的测定获得满意结果。     

PGM

Lonmin铂业公司熔炉关闭导致铂销量损失5000-10000盎司,预计印度铂消费将增长10％到12吨；安格鲁铂业公司上半年收入增长25％；Eastern 铂业公司二季度生产铂30，314盎司；北美钯业公司二季度生产钯65，791盎司.     

DDO法连续测定Pd、Pt方法之改进

W.D.Jacobs等曾推荐双十二烷基二硫代乙二酰二胺(简称DDO)作钯的显色剂,但没有把试剂用于铂的测定。林玉南等研究了该试剂连续测定钯与铂的方法,并用于试金合粒中钯与铂的测定。但其不足在于试剂同钯、铂显色的盐酸浓度过大(6～8N),同时钯的反应速度较慢。     

跟起落 走势趋弱——4、5月份钯市场评述及后市预测

1．4、5月份的钯价跟随铂价起落，走势趋弱 钯价在3月4日冲上590美元／盎司后快速回落，3月下旬跟随铂价反弹，但力度趋弱。3月份到5月份的起伏中，钯价的跌幅居冠首，达到32．71％，金价的跌幅最小，为18．12％；铂价和银价分别为21．18％和24．81％。     

ETF证券公司钯ETC持仓量增加30％

据报道,ETF证券公司1月16日称,公司钯ETC持仓量增加了30％。至2月13日,公司增加钯ETC52,000盎司至224,625盎司。公司研究部负责人Nicholas Brooks对此做出评论,称钯价的回升吸引了投资者的注意。他说：“铂和钯的趋势一致。铂价近来涨势强劲,     

铂复合电极研究进展

铂复合电极是通过适当的工艺将铂复合在钛、钽、铌等基体上.主要介绍了铂复合电极的主要复合方法及应用领域.水溶液电镀和冶金复合是目前最常用的制备铂复合电极的方法.此外,铂电极复合方法还有熔盐电镀,磁控溅射,化学气相沉积等,指出了各种方法的优缺点及发展方向.铂复合电极强度高,耐腐蚀性、导电性好,催化活性高,主要应用于阴极保护、电析金属、离子水制备等领域中.     

铂合金含量测试—强度比值法的扩展应用研究

采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-AES)测定铂含量的强度比值法(GB/T 21198.2-2007)是比较常用的方法,经过对该法的测试条件、标准溶液、强度积分面积优化后,对钯含量为80%、40%和20%的铂钯二元配方样品进行检测,探讨优化后的方法对钯含量较高的样品检测准确性。结果表明,优化后的方法,对于钯含量较高的铂钯合金,检测结果的稳定性和准确性较好,适用于高钯含量的铂钯配方首饰样品。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。