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高分散度Ru/C选择性催化对氯硝基苯加氢制备对氯苯胺 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
研究了高分散度Ru/C在对氯硝基苯(p-CNB)加氢制备对氯苯胺(p-CAN)反应中的催化性能,考察了Ru负载量、溶剂种类、底物浓度、反应温度和压力等反应条件对反应的影响。结果表明,反应条件只影响p-CNB的加氢速率,但对p-CAN的选择性没有影响,p-CNB 100%转化时,p-CAN的选择性100%,没有脱氯副反应发生。催化剂的高活性和高选择性与纳米Ru在活性炭上的高分散度及催化剂的表面碱性有关。p-CNB浓度低于0.96mol/L时,还原反应对p-CNB宏观表现为零级反应。催化剂连续套用30次活性保持稳定。 相似文献
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以骨架铜(S-Cu)为催化剂,研究了对氯硝基苯(p-CNB)选择性加氢制备对氯苯胺(p-CAN)的反应规律。采用XRD、BET和SEM表征手段对S-Cu催化剂的微观结构进行了表征,考察了溶剂、反应温度、压力和底物初始浓度等因素对反应物转化率和目标产物选择性的影响。结果表明,在20 mL甲醇溶剂中,p-CNB初始用量7mmol,S-Cu催化剂0.5 g,60℃和氢气压力1.0 MPa的条件下反应120 min,p-CNB的转化率达100%,p-CAN的选择性达97.9%。 相似文献
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提出一种以负载型Ni-Cr-B非晶态合金催化对氯硝基苯加氢制备对氯苯胺的工艺。通过正交实验考察反应温度、反应时间、反应压力和催化剂用量对对氯苯胺收率的影响。最优工艺条件为:反应温度60℃,反应时间4 h,反应压力1.2 MPa,催化剂用量占对氯硝基苯质量的8%。在此优化条件下,催化剂重复使用4次,对氯硝基苯转化率为99.9%,对氯苯胺选择性为99.9%,对氯苯胺平均收率为99.8%。 相似文献
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Víctor A. Sifontes Herrera Oluwamuyiwa Oladele Krisztián Kordás Kari Eränen Jyri‐Pekka Mikkola Dmitry Yu. Murzin Tapio Salmi 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》2011,86(5):658-668
BACKGROUND: In recent years, exploitation of renewable resources has gained considerable attention. In this respect, polyols derived from the hydrogenation of sugar molecules are versatile molecules with a variety of uses, such as low‐caloric sweeteners. The hydrogenation of D‐maltose, D‐galactose, L‐rhamnose and L‐arabinose was carried out on a finely dispersed Ru/activated carbon catalyst with the objective of studying the kinetics of the production of the corresponding polyols. The reactions were carried out in a stirred tank reactor at temperatures ranging from 90 to 130 °C and hydrogen pressures from 40 to 60 bar. RESULTS: Sugar conversions up to 100% were achieved. Some by‐product formation affecting the quality of the selectivity was also observed at elevated operating conditions. The catalyst was characterized by scanning electron microcopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP‐OES) and nitrogen physisorption. Kinetic models based on the Langmuir Hinshelwood assumptions were proposed for the reactions and a nonlinear regression was performed to obtain the numerical values of the kinetic parameters. CONCLUSIONS: The kinetic models predicted well the sugar hydrogenation process and the kinetic parameters were established. The model can be used to predict the behaviour of batchwise operating slurry reactors. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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采用浸渍沉淀法制备了Ru/Na-H-ZSM-5系双功能催化剂,利用XRD、SEM、TEM、FT-IR及电泳仪等对催化剂结构、晶形外貌、孔道特点及表面电性进行测试,并在釜式反应器中进行催化性能评价。结果表明,Ru/Na-H-ZSM-5双功能催化剂用量0.5 g,反应压力3.0 MPa,反应温度130℃,反应时间3.0 h和Ru负载质量分数3.0%的条件下,对苯二酚转化率可达98.9%,目标产物1,4-环己二醇选择性达到85.2%。催化剂Ru/Na-H-ZSM-5用于对苯二酚加氢制备1,4-环己二醇反应活性组分Ru是关键所在,而分子筛结构以及电负性对于其反应有重要影响。 相似文献
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Highly dispersed platinum nanoparticles (NPs) were fabricated on the surface of few-layered reduced graphene oxide (Pt/RGO) via direct ethylene glycol reduction of PtCl62 − in aqueous solution. This well-defined Pt/RGO catalyst was highly selective and active for the hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde (CAL) to corresponding cinnamyl alcohol (COL) under mild conditions. It was found that the selectivity of COL remained 85.3% at 97.8% CAL conversion in ethanol. These results could be ascribed to the well dispersed Pt NPs on RGO sheets, well dispersion of Pt/RGO in ethanol and ethanol can inhibit the generation of acetals. 相似文献
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采用浸渍、水热还原的方法制备了Ru/A lOOH催化剂,进行了XRD表征。以水作溶剂,考察了该催化剂对丙酸甲酯的催化加氢性能。结果表明,催化剂中金属以Ru0存在,并且很好的分散在载体A lOOH上;反应时间、温度、氢气压力和溶剂体积对丙酸甲酯加氢转化率和目标产物丙醇选择性都有很大的影响。在180℃、氢压5 MPa条件下,反应10 h,丙酸甲酯的转化率达到85.9%,丙醇的选择性为94.0%。 相似文献
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A series of ruthenium supported catalysts were prepared and investigated in the liquid-phase hydrogenation of citral. The mechanism of the reaction was found to be dependent on the Ru precursor, support and solvent used. On the sample prepared from RuCl3 the acetals of citronellal were formed with the subsequent hydrogenation of the isolated C=C double bond. On the samples obtained from precursors which do not contain chloride ions, citronellal was the main reaction product. Hydrogenation of the isolated C=C double bond was negligible. Using cyclohexane as solvent, a large amount of isopulegol was also obtained. The results of the hydrogenation of citral have been correlated to the presence of acid sites and incompletely reduced ruthenium which favour cyclization and acetals formation from citronellal. On the basis of the reported results, a reaction scheme for hydrogenation of citral over ruthenium catalysts is proposed. 相似文献
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采用催化加氢技术脱除F-T合成水相中羧酸、醛、醇、酮、酯含氧化合物,考察了Ru/ZrO2、Ru/TiO2、Ru/SiO2和Ru/Al2O3 4种Ru催化剂的反应性能.相对于酸、醇,水中的醛、酮、酯更易被转化.其中Ru/ZrO2和Ru/TiO2具有良好的加氢脱羰活性,在200℃、9.8 MPa、3.0 h-1空速下,酸、醛、醇、酮、酯均转化为C1~C6的烷烃,总转化率达92%.同条件下,虽然Ru/Al2O3对酸、醛、酮、酯的转化活性较高(>87%),但对醇的转化不到30%,具有选择性转化特点.H2-TPR和NH3-TPD结果表明,Ru/Al2O3催化剂的金属活性位与载体酸性位的协同作用有利于羧酸的加氢反应,能抑制醇的加氢脱羰活性;而金属-载体相互作用较弱和酸度较低的催化剂有利于羧酸、醇发生加氢脱羰反应.Ru/Al2O3催化剂运行500 h后失活,XRD、SEM和N2-物理吸附表明,载体结构物相和织构性质的改变以及活性组分的流失是导致催化剂失活的主要因素. 相似文献
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以三氯化钌(RuCl3)、硫酸锌(ZnSO4)和硫酸亚铁(FeSO4)为原料,采用共沉淀法制备Ru-Zn及Ru-Fe-Zn催化剂,研究了苯选择加氢制环己烯过程中助剂Zn和Zn/Fe对Ru系催化剂催化加氢性能的影响,并利用透射电镜等对催化剂进行表征。结果表明:Ru-Zn催化剂粒子清晰较为分散,Ru-Fe-Zn催化剂粒径变大,比表面积变小;Ru系催化剂中加入助剂Zn,Ru/Zn摩尔比为7时,环己烯选择性较高,加入第三组分Fe,Zn/Fe摩尔比为10,环己烯选择性进一步提高;Ru-Fe-Zn催化剂具有很好的催化活性和稳定性,苯转化率达54.9%,环己烯选择性达81.8%。 相似文献