对我国A-USC汽轮机用Ni基合金铸件研发的建议

在论述国内外汽缸、阀壳等A-USC汽轮机高温部件用大型厚壁Ni基合金铸件研发现状的基础上,总结了大型厚壁Ni基合金铸件研发的难点,结合我国Ni基合金研发的现状,对我国A-USC汽轮机用Ni基合金铸件研发提出了建议。     

超超临界汽轮机用低膨胀高温合金

介绍了超超临界汽轮机用低膨胀高温合金的国内外研究情况。通过分析合金元素、γ′相含量、γ′相中Al/Ti比等因素对合金热膨胀系数、高温性能以及锻造等工艺性能的影响,介绍了国内外超超临界汽轮机用低膨胀高温合金的各项性能,比如合金组织、物理性能、拉伸性能、蠕变持久性能、抗氧化腐蚀性能、长时组织稳定等等,为我国高参数汽轮机用低膨胀高温合金材料的研发提出了建议。     

高参数汽轮机高温部件用大型铸锻件研发和应用

在分析高参数汽轮机高温部件对材料性能要求及国内外铸锻件厂家制造能力的基础上,介绍了国内外高参数汽轮机用大型铸锻件的研发和应用现状及最新进展,并分析了国内外的差距,最后给出国产大型铸锻件的研发和应用建议。     

超超临界二次再热汽轮机发展综述

文章概述了汽轮机二次再热技术的发展历程,当前我国超超临界二次再热汽轮机技术研发情况,并重点介绍了我国首台超超临界二次再热汽轮机技术特点及运行情况,对未来二次再热汽轮机技术发展方向和典型机型进行了探讨。     

625℃汽轮机转子材料的开发及性能分析

通过总结国内外关于9％～ 10％ Cr铁素体钢的研发成果,全面探讨了典型的625℃汽轮机转子材料COST-FB2的工艺、微观组织和性能特征及其强化机理.研究表明COST-FB2转子钢具有良好的物理性能、较高的高温屈服强度以及良好的蠕变和持久性能.COST-FB2可用于上海汽轮机厂设计的再热蒸汽温度为620℃的超超临界汽轮机机组.     

东方新超超临界1000MW汽轮机本体结构及设计特点

文章详细介绍了东方新一代超超临界1 000 MW汽轮机的本体结构及设计特点。该机型是东方采用现代汽轮机技术自主研发而成的一种新型高参数汽轮机,通过重要结构的优化设计以及高温材料的合理选择,有效地提高了机组的经济性与可靠性。     

太阳能光热发电汽轮机及主要技术特点

简要介绍了太阳能光热发电汽轮机的发展及其主要技术特点,针对国内外主要在役在建机组情况,总结了太阳能光热发电汽轮机提高效率运行灵活性的技术措施。指出联合储热系统优化提高汽轮机初参数是未来光热发电汽轮机的研发的重点之一。     

700℃及以上等级超超临界汽轮机螺栓材料选材的探讨

综合近年来国内外先进超超临界汽轮机螺栓材料方面的资料,分析了国内外700℃及以上等级超超临界汽轮机螺栓的选材及材料性能情况,给出了我国700℃等级超超临界汽轮机螺栓的候选材料。     

625℃等级超超临界汽轮机高中压转子材料研究

论述了国外625℃等级超超临界汽轮机高中压转子用9%~12%Cr铁素体钢的研发和应用情况以及钢的强化机理,并结合国内情况,给出我国625℃等级超超临界汽轮机高中压转子用材建议。     

650℃等级超超临界汽轮机关键部件选材

介绍了国内外650℃等级超超临界汽轮机高温材料的最新研究情况。通过分析650℃等级材料的发展过程、汽轮关键部件对材料性能的要求等,给出了650℃等级超超临界汽轮机关键部件选材,并对存在的问题进行了分析讨论,表明大型铸锻件材料研究及相关工艺性能研究是650℃机组超超临界汽轮机关键部件选材的核心。     

基于不同启动方式的1 000 MW超超临界汽轮机高温部件低周疲劳损耗研究

为了解汽轮机寿命损耗情况,对汽轮机高温部件寿命影响因素进行分析。基于低周疲劳理论,建立汽轮机高温部件寿命损耗分析模型,采用定量计算方法分析1 000 MW超超临界机组冷态、热态启动方式下高温部件温度偏差变化情况,计算各边界条件下高温部件等效热应力及寿命损耗,并进行敏感性分析。结果表明：汽轮机低周疲劳寿命损耗率对高温部件温度偏差较为敏感,随着温度偏差的升高,汽轮机寿命损耗率大幅升高;相同的温度偏差出现在不同温度区间时,对汽轮机寿命损耗的影响亦不同,高温区间的温度偏差对寿命损耗率影响较大。汽轮机高温部件寿命评估可以为机组启动期间升温速度控制提供技术支持,降低汽轮机寿命损耗,提高机组运行安全性。     

超临界和超超临界汽轮机汽缸传热系数的研究

提出了汽轮机汽缸传热系数的计算方法。介绍了超，临界和超超临界压力汽轮机汽缸光滑内表面和安装镶片式汽封表面的对流换热表面传热系数的计算公式，安装整体车制式汽封的汽缸内表面、安装静叶的汽缸内表面和安装隔板的汽缸内表面的传热过程总传热系数的计算方法。采用圆筒壁与肋片传热等简化模型来计算汽封块、静叶和隔板的传热过程总传热系数。给出了某型号超，临界600MW汽轮机高压内缸内表面传热系数的计算结果。该方法考虑了不同运行工况下汽缸不同部位的传热过程，在超临界和超超临界压力汽轮机汽缸的温度场与热应力场的有限元法数值计算和寿命评定中，为确定传热边界条件提供了依据。     

东方超超临界1000 MW汽轮机结构特点介绍

文章介绍了东方引进型1000 MW火电汽轮机组和东方自行开发的新1000 MW火电汽轮机组主机方面的差异。对新、老1000 MW机组在主机结构、高温件选材、机组启动运行、配汽等方面进行了简单对比。     

上海汽轮机厂1000 MW汽轮机启动时的各项准则分析

介绍了采用DEH的启动顺控子组SGC来控制上海汽轮机厂1000MW汽轮机在不同温度下的启动流程和模式,分析了蒸汽参数的X、Z准则和温度裕量要求,以管控高中压缸体、转子和各阀门的热应力.结果表明,为了避免换热部件产生过大的温差和热应力,汽轮机启动时需采用微高压微过热的蒸汽.主、再热蒸汽的温度和压力均需控制在最佳范围内,以确保汽轮机安全快速启动,减少机组寿命损耗.     

汽轮机转子蒸汽冷却计算模型构建研究

提高初参数是火力发电实现节能与环保两项国策的重要措施。在蒸汽初温提高的条件下,为确保汽轮机部件的强度与寿命,需要在提高材料耐热性的同时采取蒸汽冷却技术,降低转子的温度与热应力。针对工程要求计算方法快捷、精确的特点,本文构造了转子根部冷却的一维参数计算模型,该模型综合考虑了冷却蒸汽对叶片表面的射流冲击冷却以及冷却蒸汽流过转子根部时的热传导冷却。应用该模型计算了超临界机组中压缸第一级转子经冷却后的温度场,并与三维计算结果比较,证明该模型能满足工程要求。     

620℃超超临界汽轮机机组新型高温转子钢的应用

回顾了上海汽轮机厂转子材料的开发历程,探讨了在国内率先应用的含Co和B的新型汽轮机高温转子钢的微观组织和回火稳定性,并对成功研制的世界上首根应用于620℃蒸汽温度的整锻转子锻件进行了冶金质量和性能分析,研究表明该含Co和B的9％Cr先进铁素体耐热钢转子锻件各项性能优良,可用于蒸汽温度为620℃的超超临界汽轮机组.     

汽轮机主要零部件的贮存和防护要求

从应用角度出发,介绍了按引进西门子-西屋公司技术设计、制造的汽轮机在电厂现场贮存和防护的要求.并对汽轮机零部件的具体贮存方法提出了建议,特别是根据零部件的不同要求对汽轮机主要零部件提出了室内和室外贮存的具体范围,同时,对汽轮机运行期间的定期检查作了简述.对装配后,启动投运以前的防护,以及长期停用时的防护提出了建议.     

Study of an incrementally loaded multistage flash desalination system for optimum use of sensible waste heat from nuclear power plant

Existing practice of nuclear desalination cogeneration incurs loss of nuclear plant power generation because it competes for live steam with nuclear plant steam turbine. Such loss is completely avoided with the nuclear desalination plant design proposed in the present study. The plant called GTHTR300 is based on a high‐temperature gas reactor rated at 600 MWt. Gas turbine is used to replace steam turbine as power generator. The gas turbine converts about a half of the reactor's thermal power to electricity while rejecting the balance as sensible waste heat to be utilized in a multistage flash (MSF) plant for seawater desalination. A new MSF process scheme is proposed and optimized to efficiently match the sensible waste heat source. The new scheme increments the thermal load of the multistage heat recovery section in a number of steps as opposed to keeping it constant in the traditional MSF process. As the number of steps increases, more waste heat is utilized, and top brine temperature for peak water production is increased. Both tend to increase water yield. Operating with a similar number of stages, the new process is shown to produce 45% more water than the traditional process operating over the same temperature range. As a result, the GTHTR300 yields 56,000 m³/d water and generates 280 MWe power at constant efficiency with and without water cogeneration. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Thermal analysis of cooled supercritical steam turbine components

This paper describes thermal analysis methodology results for the supercritical steam turbines. The analysis presented here concerns the external cooling of the turbine components. Due to the supercritical parameters of the live steam, the inlet areas of the high and intermediate pressure parts are exposed to the steam at high temperature level. The design solutions applied to the turbines so far aim to protect the inlet areas. Basic solution incorporate protective screens, which are made of a material more resistant to the high temperature than the rest of the components. Additional protection is provided by the external cooling. The applications of both methods described above allow to increase the live steam temperature. The conducted analysis determined the temperature field in the steam, which cools the rotor, as well as the distribution of the temperature and stresses in the rotor. The obtained results were then applied to the investigations concerning the durability of the rotor.     

Comparative performance analysis of cogeneration gas turbine cycle for different blade cooling means

The paper compares the thermodynamic performance of MS9001 gas turbine based cogeneration cycle having a two-pressure heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) for different blade cooling means. The HRSG has a steam drum generating steam to meet coolant requirement, and a second steam drum generates steam for process heating. Gas turbine stage cooling uses open loop cooling or closed loop cooling schemes. Internal convection cooling, film cooling and transpiration cooling techniques employing steam or air as coolants are considered for the performance evaluation of the cycle. Cogeneration cycle performance is evaluated using coolant flow requirements, plant specific work, fuel utilisation efficiency, power-to-heat-ratio, which are function of compressor pressure ratio and turbine inlet temperature, and process steam drum pressure. The maximum and minimum values of power-to-heat ratio are found with steam internal convection cooling and air internal convection cooling respectively whereas maximum and minimum values of fuel utilisation efficiency are found with steam internal convection cooling and closed loop steam cooling. The analysis is useful for power plant designers to select the optimum compressor pressure ratio, turbine inlet temperature, fuel utilisation efficiency, power-to-heat ratio, and appropriate cooling means for a specified value of plant specific work and process heating requirement.