钼圆的生产现状

钼圆具有熔点高、强度好、化学成分稳定、加工性能优良、导电性和耐蚀性优异、线膨胀系数小等特点，是目前可控硅整流元件的最佳基础材料。随着电子工业的发展，钼圆已成为各种硅整流成套设备、仪表、半导体硅器件不可缺少的组成部分，被广泛用于电镀、电力、电机、化工、石油等领域。1 国内钼圆的生产现状1.1 生产企业的变迁钼圆的生产兴起于80年代初，到90年代初期，基本形成宝鸡有色金属加工厂、本溪钨钼材料厂和广州锌片厂三足鼎立的局面。近几年来，生产企业逐年增加，新崛起的企业生产实力增长较快，在国内市场已占有一定份额。另外，…     

钒铁中硅的测定—硅钼蓝光度法

硅钼蓝光度法测定钒铁中硅量,以稀硝酸溶解试样,在弱酸介质中,硅酸与钼酸铵生成硅钼杂多酸,在草酸存在下,以硫酸亚铁铵还原为硅钼蓝,测量其吸光度。此方法具有分析周期短,灵敏度高,稳定性好,重现性较好等特点。适用范围:0.10％～2.00％。     

α-硅钼黄吸光光度法测定陶瓷结合剂中硅含量的不确定度评定

基于α型硅钼黄比β型硅钼黄更稳定且灵敏度更低、有利于高含量硅的比色测定的特点,建立了α-硅钼黄吸光光度法测定陶瓷结合剂中高含量硅的分析方法;本文对α-硅钼黄吸光光度法测定陶瓷结合剂中高含量硅的不确定度的产生原因进行了分析,并对陶瓷结合剂样品中硅含量测定结果的不确定度进行了评定.结果表明:本方法测定陶瓷结合剂中高含量硅的不确定度的影响因素中工作曲线线性回归方程的标准不确定度最大,为0.0402,合成标准不确定度为0.156%,扩展不确定度为0.312%.α型硅钼黄比β型硅钼黄吸光光度法稳定性和准确性都有较大提高,可用于陶瓷结合剂中高含量硅的日常快速测定.     

分光光度法测定铝土矿选矿尾矿的SiO2的显色反应条件研究

研究硅钼蓝光度法测定铝土矿选矿尾矿中高含量 (2 0 %～ 3 5 % )的SiO2 。其原理是 :在弱酸性溶液中 ,呈分子分散状态的硅酸能与钼酸铵生成可溶性黄色硅钼杂多酸 ,此杂多酸被硫酸亚铁还原成硅钼蓝 ,借此进行光度测度。通过减少称样量 ,改变熔样方法 ,避免了尾矿试液中高含量SiO2 的析出。实验结果证明 :该方法具有准确、快速、操作简单、分析成本低等特点。目前 ,该方法已应用于铝土矿选矿工业试验 ,受到选矿专家的好评     

硅钼黄光度法测定浇注料中的硅

本法利用硅钼黄灵敏度低的特点，测定浇注料中的高含量的硅，针对硅钼黄稳定性比较低，着重做了稳定剂的选择和用量，溶液的酸度，显色溶液稳定时间等试验，找出最佳的显色条件。经过试样的对照分析，证明本法在生产分析中是可行的。     

硅锰钼耐热球铁的研制

根据钛合金成形模具的技术要求,研制了一种高温力学性能较好的中硅锰钼球铁模具材料。通过选择合适的化学成分,适当提高锰的含量,并采用合理的孕育和热处理工艺,所获得的中硅锰钼球铁高温硬度比中硅钼球铁提高33%。采用酯硬化水玻璃砂消失模铸造工艺制造的钛合金成形模具,能满足600～800℃下成形的技术要求。     

钼及钼合金研究与应用进展

综述了钼单晶、钼铼合金、钼钛锆（TZM）合金、钼硅合金、稀土钼合金、钼铜合金的研究现状与应用进展，详细介绍了稀土钼合金的研究与应用，包括稀土钼的韧化作用机理、稀土掺杂钼粉的粒度控制、稀土钼合金力学性能和热发射性能研究。由于钼及钼合金具有高温性能好、热传导率高、膨胀系数低等特性，因此在航空航天、核能工业等诸多领域得到广泛应用。今后，发展新的制备工艺，提供更高性能的材料，开辟新的应用领域成为钼及钼合金发展的关键。     

硅钼耐热球墨铸铁碎块状石墨缺陷分析及对策

针对企业在硅钼耐热球墨铸铁生产中发生碎块状石墨缺陷问题,分析研究了铁液活性、铁液成分、球化孕育处理及铸件厚大部位冷却速度等因素的影响情况.结果表明:提高铁液活性、控制碳当量(CE)及微量元素成分、选取合适的孕育剂和孕育方式、提高局部冷却速度、减少铸件热节等工艺措施能有效解决硅钼耐热球墨铸铁中的碎块状石墨问题.     

汽车发动机排气管用球墨铸铁抗生长性探讨

通过XRD、SEM和EDS等手段分析了高硅钼球墨铸铁和高镍球墨铸铁的成分与组织。结果表明,高硅钼球墨铸铁主要由铁素体和石墨组成,而高镍球墨铸铁则由奥氏体和金属间化合物Fe Ni3组成。高镍球墨铸铁的抗生长性明显优于高硅钼球墨铸铁,且随工作温度升高变得更加明显,这主要是由于其碳当量比高硅钼球墨铸铁少近17%,且在工作温度不发生相变。     

基体对硅钼薄膜结构及电学性能的影响

采用射频磁控溅射法在硅基底上制备了硅钼薄膜，并研究了不同基体对薄膜相结构、表面形貌及电学性能的影响。XRD，AFM和SEM分析结果表明，硅和石英玻璃基体上沉积的硅钼薄膜为非晶，而氧化铝基体上沉积的硅钼薄膜为多晶。四探针电阻测试结果表明，随着退火温度的升高，硅基体和氧化铝基体上的硅钼薄膜其方阻逐渐降低，而石英玻璃基体上的硅钼薄膜其方阻却异常增大。     

Modelling and simulation of local mechanical properties of high silicon solution-strengthened ferritic compacted graphite iron

This study focuses on the modelling and simulation of local mechanical properties of compacted graphite iron cast at different section thicknesses and three different levels of silicon, ranging from about 3.6% up to 4.6%. The relationship between tensile properties and microstructure is investigated using microstructural analysis and statistical evaluation. Models are generated using response surface methodology, which reveal that silicon level and nodularity mainly affect tensile strength and 0.2% offset yield strength, while Young′s modulus is primarily affected by nodularity. Increase in Si content improves both the yield and tensile strength, while reduces elongation to failure. Furthermore, mechanical properties enhance substantially in thinner section due to the high nodularity. The obtained models have been implemented into a casting process simulation, which enables prediction of local mechanical properties of castings with complex geometries. Very good agreement is observed between the measured and predicted microstructures and mechanical properties, particularly for thinner sections.     

电磁搅拌对过共晶Al—Si合金初生Si分布的影响

系统研究了电磁搅拌下过共晶Al-Si合金初生Si的偏析规律,实验表明,虽然电磁搅拌引起过共晶Al-Si合金中初生Si的显著细化和圆整化,但常会使坯料表面出现初生Si偏析层,合金中Si含量越大,初生Si偏析层越厚,提高电磁摘抄功率、降低合金熔体冷却速率都会减小或消除初生Si偏析层;在电磁摘抄条件下,坯料表面产生初生Si偏析层的主要原因是固－液界面处的温度梯度过大和存在一层流附面层。     

2008年上半年我国钼产品进出口分析

叙述了2008年上半年中国钼产品进出口情况,分析了钼市场的供需状况及国家进出口政策对钼出口市场的影响。指出,2008年上半年我国钼精矿产量大幅度增长,达到86659t,与上年同期相比增长26．12％;钼产品出口量为20406．982t,与上年同期相比减少35．39％。产量增加,出口减少,必会导致国内供应过剩而引起价格回落。因此,建议从事钼采选的生产企业不要盲目扩大生产规模,避免供求矛盾加剧。     

Experimental and simulation study for ultrathin (∼100 μm) mono crystalline silicon solar cell with 156×156 mm2 area

A reduction in silicon material consumption in the photovoltaic industry is required for cost reduction. Using crystalline silicon wafers of less than 120 microns of thickness is a promising way for cost and material reduction in the solar cell production. The standard thickness of crystalline silicon solar cells is currently around 180 microns. If the wafers are thinner than 100 microns in the silicon solar cells, the amount of silicon will be reduced by almost half, which should result in prominent cost reduction. With this aim, many groups have worked with thin crystalline silicon wafers. However, most of them have studied with small size substrates. In this paper, we present the electrical characteristics for thin single crystalline silicon solar cells of 100 and 115 μm thickness and 156×156 mm² area manufactured through a conventional process. We have achieved 17.2% conversion efficiency with a 115 μm silicon substrate and 16.8% with a 100 μm substrate. This enables the commercialization of the thin crystalline silicon solar cells with high conversion efficiency. We also suggest issues to be solved in thin crystalline silicon solar cell manufacturing.     

Polycrystalline diamond shaving conditioner for CMP pad conditioning

This paper investigates a new design of diamond conditioner that is made by shaping a sintered matrix of polycrystalline diamond (PCD) to form serrated blades. These blades are arranged and embedded in a predetermined groove on a substrate surface of cylinder. This newly designed diamond conditioner is referred to here as a blade diamond disk. The dressing characteristics of pad surface textures are studied by comparing them with traditional diamond conditioners, and the polishing rates of silicon dioxide are also studied. It is found that serrated blades made of polycrystalline diamond enable the manufacturer to tightly control the diamond leveling, cutter's shape and penetration angle. The height variations of the diamond tips of the blade diamond disk are significantly smaller than that of the traditional diamond disk. Experimental results reveal that the pad dressing rate of a blade diamond disk is lower than that of a conventional diamond disk. The lifetime of the pad is expected to have been prolonged, consequently lowering the cost of the CMP process. The removal rate of the oxide film is higher for the blade diamond disk than for the traditional diamond disk, and hence wafer productivity is somewhat increased.     

Dry turning of sintered molybdenum

Molybdenum is a refractory metal which is recommended for advanced engineering applications requiring high mechanical strength and corrosion resistance at extremely high temperatures. However, Molybdenum-based alloys are generally difficult to machine, due to their superior physical and mechanical properties, usually requiring effective refrigeration. In this work, the feasibility of dry machining of sintered Molybdenum using commercial tools in finish longitudinal turning was investigated. A list of suitable tools was selected and cutting tests were performed in order to evaluate their performance and assess the machinability of sintered Molybdenum. Specifically, chip formation and chip control, surface roughness and cutting forces were considered. It turned out that most of the tools were inadequate for this application, therefore tool life tests were carried out on the remaining tools. Nevertheless, the analysis of experimental data confirmed that good surface quality and satisfactory tool life can be achieved in dry conditions at relatively high cutting speeds by using commercial tools.     

EFFECT OF THE PROCESS PARAMETERS OF CROSS SHEAR ROLLING ON ROLLED TEXTURE AND MAGNETIC PROPERTY OF THIN GRAIN ORIENTED SILICON STEEL SHEETS

１．ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＶｅｒｙｔｈｉｎｇｒａｉｎｏｒｉｅｎｔｅｄｓｉｌｉｃｏｎｓｔｅｅｌｓｈｅｅｔｓ（ｌｅｓｓｔｈａｎ０１０ｍｍ）ａｒｅｗｉｄｅｌｙｕｓｅｄａｓｃｏｒｅｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｓｆｏｒｔｒａｎｓｆｏｒｍｅｒｓａｎｄｐｏｌｅｔｒａｎｓｆｏｒｍｅｒｓ．Ａｓｃｏｒｅｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｓｕｓｅｄｉｎｈｉｇｈｆｒｅｑｕｅｎｃｙｈａｖｅｌａｒｇｅｓｔａｒｔｉｎｇｆｒｅｑｕｅｎｃｙ,ｔｈｅｌｏｓｓｏｆｅｌｅｃｔｒｉｃｅｎｅｒｇｙｉｓｌａｒｇｅｒｔｈａｎｔｈａｔｏｆｓｔａｔｉｃｍａｇｎｅｔｉｃ…     

离子辐照对钼金属损伤行为研究进展

钼作为一种难熔金属,因其良好的高温强度、抗蠕变性能、导热性能、耐蚀性能和低溅射率等特性,是满足新一代核能技术发展的重要候选材料。离子辐照会改变钼金属的微观结构,使其产生位错环、空洞、气泡等多种缺陷,导致钼的性质发生改变,服役性能大大降低,最终使得钼金属不能长期有效应用于核反应堆中。本文综述了近年来国内外学者基于辐照对钼损伤行为方面的研究,分析了不同离子辐照下钼的微观结构、表面形貌、力学性能及光学特性等方面的影响,并在现有研究基础上对未来离子辐照对钼金属的损伤行为的研究方向进行了展望,以期望对钼金属的研发和核反应堆方面的应用提供参考。     

陶瓷结合剂金刚石砂轮组织结构对其性能的影响

研究单晶硅片磨削用陶瓷结合剂金刚石砂轮的组织结构对砂轮性能的影响,评估砂轮组织结构对砂轮磨损速率、磨床主轴电流、磨削后的单晶硅片表面粗糙度及其表面形貌的影响。试验结果显示:主轴电流随着砂轮组织中孔隙率的增加呈现下降趋势,从最高的7.0 A降低至6.3 A;砂轮的磨损速率则表现出相反的规律,气孔率最大的砂轮的磨损速率是最小的砂轮的近2倍,分别为2.525 2 μm/片和1.423 8 μm/片;砂轮组织结构对磨削后工件的表面粗糙度影响不大,工件的表面粗糙度R_a值分别为7.67、7.47和7.37 nm;但当气孔孔径过大、孔壁变薄时,会造成磨削工件表面出现深划痕,导致硅片磨削质量恶化。      

Pearlite-reduced HSLA steels for line pipe

Summary The rapid progress in understanding the metallurgy of ferrite-pearlite steels has led to the development of high-strength, tough pearlite-reduced steels capable of meeting stringent Arctic line pipe specifications. The classical Nb or Nb-V pearlite-reduced steels may be used in cold climates although it appears that heavy controlled-rolling schedules are required to produce X70 properties in heavy-wall (19-mm) pipe. These steels have been shown to provide a dequate properties in thinner sections. Recent commercial experience with a molybdenum-modified pearlite-reduced steel has confirmed the laboratory results for longitudinally welded pipe reported in the present paper. The Mo-Nb steel exhibited a yield strength in excess of 480 MPa, coupled with good toughness in a 19.7-mm-thick wall pipe. This steel was not subjected to heavy controlled rolling and the finish-rolling temperature was 760°C. Spiral-welded X70 pipe has been commercially produced using the Mo-Nb pearlite-reduced steel, and laboratory results predict that a pipe yield strength of at least 540 MPa should be attainable in similar steel compositions when tested to API specifications. The probable introduction of new processing techniques, e.g., water cooling, either during rolling or after rolling, will undoubtedly upgrade pearlite-reduced steels for application under more demanding conditions.Plenum Publishing Corporation is indebted to Climax Molybdenum Company, a division of AMAXIncorporated, 1 Greenwich Plaza, Greenwich, Connecticut 06830, for providing the original English version of this article.Published in Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 7, pp. 37–40, July, 1977.