Pt/Pt-Ce/γ-Al2O3催化氧化甲苯研究

通过等体积浸渍法制备单贵金属Pt/γ-Al₂O₃和双金属Pt-Ce/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂,考察Ce对催化剂活性的影响,确定催化剂最优配比。结果表明,当Pt的负载量为质量分数0.5%时,Pt/γ-Al₂O₃催化活性最高;当Pt的负载量为质量分数0.2%,Ce的负载量为质量分数1.0%时,Pt-Ce/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂的催化活性最高。Pt-Ce/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂的甲苯转化率高于Pt/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂。随着Pt负载量增大,催化剂孔容、孔径减小。粉体式催化剂性能优于整体式催化剂,但差别不大;Ce的添加有助于催化剂活性的提升。     

M/γ-Al2O3催化剂对煤油水重整制氢的影响

以γ-Al₂O₃为载体,采用等体积分步浸渍法制备了以Ni为活性组分,La、Ce、Fe、Cr、Co为助剂的催化剂M/γ-Al₂O₃,在固定床管式反应器中研究了M/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂的性能,考察了反应温度、水碳比和空速对氢产率的影响,并对催化剂进行XRD、SEM和BET表征。结果表明,NiLaCeFeCrCo/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂具有较好的催化性能,在反应温度700 ℃、水碳物质的量比10和空速6 min^-1的条件下,氢产率达到27.335 mol·mol^-1,并在300 min内表现出较好的活性,平均氢产率为21.966 mol·mol^-1。     

磷改性对NiMo/γ-Al2O3硫化物催化剂硫醚化性能的影响

采用P对NiMo/γ-Al₂O₃硫化物催化剂进行改性,研究P与金属组分浸渍次序对催化剂结构和硫醚化性能的影响。结果表明,P改性通过抑制金属组分与γ-Al₂O₃间相互作用促进金属组分硫化、增加催化剂表面金属位数量,同时P改性也提高了催化剂表面酸量。P改性前后硫化物催化剂中均形成了Ni₃S₂物相,但未检测到MoS₂物相。先浸渍及后浸渍P组分均提高了催化剂硫醚化性能;P物种和金属组分共浸渍制备催化剂利于异戊二烯选择加氢生成异戊烯。此外,P改性催化剂酸量增加促进了烯烃聚合。总体而言,先浸渍Ni-Mo组分后浸渍P组分所制备的硫化物催化剂性能较佳。     

K2CO3/γ-A12O3催化剂在棉籽油制备生物柴油中的应用

利用等体积浸渍法制备K₂CO₃/γ-A1₂O₃负载型固体碱催化剂,应用于棉籽油和甲醇酯交换反应制备生物柴油。对催化剂使用前的保存条件、水分、重复使用性能、游离脂肪酸影响以及失活和再生进行了分析。结果表明,固体催化剂K₂CO₃/γ-Al₂O₃具有较好的抗水性,酸度对催化剂影响明显,重复使用4次未经活化的催化剂,催化活性明显降低,催化剂应密封保存。K₂CO₃/γ-A1₂O₃负载型固体碱催化剂经济实惠且催化效果良好。     

η-Al2O3与γ-Al2O3在CS2催化水解反应中的性能比较

通过制备高纯度的前驱体湃铝石获得了η-Al₂O₃材料,采用XRD验证了η-Al₂O₃与γ-Al₂O₃在晶相结构上的差异,比较了两者的表面形貌、织构及酸碱性能,结果显示,η-Al₂O₃与γ-Al₂O₃的比表面积相当,但η-Al₂O₃具有更弱的弱碱位和较少的强碱位,并拥有丰富的中等强度酸性位。将η-Al₂O₃与γ-Al₂O₃作为催化剂应用于CS₂水解反应,结果表明,在(200~450) ℃测试温度范围内,η-Al₂O₃催化剂对CS₂的水解活性始终优于γ-Al₂O₃,两种催化剂上CS₂反应的浓度效应也明显不同,推测与它们的酸碱性质影响了对CS₂的吸附能力有关,导致两者催化CS₂水解反应遵循了不同的机制。     

WO3对Pt/α-Al2O3催化萘深度加氢的促进作用

采用无酸性的α-Al₂O₃为载体,预先沉积WO₃然后浸渍法负载Pt物种,合成了系列Pt-WO₃/α-Al₂O₃催化剂用于萘深度加氢反应,系统地研究了氧化钨物种在萘加氢反应中的作用。通过XRD、Raman、HRTEM、XPS和H₂-TPR技术表征了Pt和WO₃物种在载体表面的分散情况和状态,并利用Py-IR研究了载体负载氧化钨和Pt前后的酸性质变化。在温和的反应条件下（70℃、3 MPa、1 h）Pt-WO₃/α-Al₂O₃催化剂表现出优异的萘深度加氢活性,萘的转化率和十氢萘的选择性均达到100%。结果表明,预先在载体表面引入的WO₃和Pt产生了强相互作用,WO₃提高了Pt物种的分散程度,催化剂的酸性来源于氧化钨物种的引入且和负载量成正比关系。催化剂较强的酸性和较高的Pt分散程度是Pt-WO₃/α-Al₂O₃在低温条件下能够使萘深度加氢的关键因素,对于十氢萘作为储氢介质工艺具有重要的意义。     

浸渍法制备Pt-Sn/γ-Al2O3催化剂及其催化性能

采用等体积共浸渍法和分步浸渍法制备Pt-Sn/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂,并在固定床反应器上进行正丁烷脱氢实验研究。结果表明,与共浸渍法相比,分步浸渍法制备的催化剂表现出更高的催化活性。采用等体积浸渍法制备催化剂时,活性组分与载体之间会发生竞争吸附作用,这会影响活性金属组分在载体表面的分散度,进而影响催化剂活性。     

Pd-Ag/α-Al2O3催化剂在乙烷裂解配套制乙烯工艺中的选择加氢性能研究

在乙烷裂解配套制乙烯选择加氢的工艺条件下,考察载体焙烧温度、助剂Ag含量、溶液pH值、CO含量及空速对等体积浸渍法制备的Pd-Ag/α-Al₂O₃催化剂性能的影响。结果表明,载体焙烧温度的增加,有助于提高催化剂活性;催化剂Ag含量增加,反应温度变化不大,选择性及抗结焦性能增加;不同溶液pH制备催化剂,选择加氢性能差异不大,但溶液的酸性过高会降低催化剂的抗结焦性能;随着CO的升高,乙炔转化率降低,乙烯选择性先增高后降低,为保证催化剂选择性,原料中的CO最好保持在(700~1 600) μL·L^-1;随着空速的升高,乙炔转化率降低,乙烯选择性增加。     

Sn掺杂对Pt/Sn(x)-θ-Al2O3丙烷脱氢催化剂性能的影响

采用铝箔盐酸回流-油柱成型法制备了不同Sn掺杂量的Sn(x)-θ-Al₂O₃载体,并采用真空浸渍法制备了Pt/Sn(x)-θ-Al₂O₃催化剂。对制备的催化剂进行XRD、N₂物理吸附-脱附、NH₃-TPD、H₂-TPR和TG-DTA表征,研究了在载体中掺入助剂Sn对Pt/Sn(x)-θ-Al₂O₃催化剂结构及丙烷脱氢催化反应性能的影响。结果表明,在载体制备过程中掺入Sn,可以提高催化剂反应活性和产物选择性,当Sn掺杂质量分数为1.0%时,催化剂具有最优的丙烷脱氢反应性能,15 h的平均丙烷转化率为32.4%,平均丙烯选择性为95.5%。     

助剂对Ni/γ-Al2O3催化剂活性和抗水合性能的影响

采用浸渍法制备了不同种类助剂改性的Ni-M/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂,通过XRD、低温氮气物理吸附和FT-IR等手段对改性前后的催化剂进行表征,并考察催化剂在1,4-丁炔二醇加氢反应中的活性和抗水合性能。结果表明,在所选助剂中,SiO₂的引入使催化剂维持了较高的加氢活性,同时,显著提高了Ni/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂的抗水合性能,γ-Al₂O₃表面Si-O-Al的形成是SiO₂抑制γ-Al₂O₃发生水合的直接原因。     

Effect of phosphorus addition on the hydrotreating activity of NiMo/Al2O3 carbide catalyst

A series of phosphorus promoted γ-Al₂O₃ supported NiMo carbide catalysts with 0–4.5 wt.% P, 13 wt.% Mo and 2.5 wt.% Ni were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, pulsed CO chemisorption, BET surface area measurement, X-ray diffraction, near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure, DRIFT spectroscopy of CO adsorption and H₂ temperature programmed reduction. X-ray diffraction patterns and CO uptake showed the P addition to NiMo/γ-Al₂O₃ carbide, increased the dispersion of β-Mo₂C particles. DRIFT spectra of adsorbed CO revealed that P addition to NiMo/γ-Al₂O₃ carbide catalyst not only increases the dispersion of Ni-Mo carbide phase, but also changes the nature of surface active sites. The hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) and hydrodesulfurization (HDS) activities of these P promoted NiMo/γ-Al₂O₃ carbide catalysts were performed in trickle bed reactor using light gas oil (LGO) derived from Athabasca bitumen and model feed containing quinoline and dibenzothiophene at industrial conditions. The P added NiMo/γ-Al₂O₃ carbide catalysts showed enhanced HDN activity compared to the NiMo/γ-Al₂O₃ catalysts with both the feed stocks. The P had almost no influence on the HDS activity of NiMo/γ-Al₂O₃ carbide with LGO and dibenzothiophene. P addition to NiMo/γ-Al₂O₃ carbide accelerated CN bond breaking and thus increased the HDN activity.     

Hydrodeoxygenation of aliphatic esters on sulphided NiMo/γ-Al2O3 and CoMo/γ-Al2O3 catalyst: The effect of water

Water formed during hydrotreating of oxygen-containing feeds has been found to affect the performance of sulphided catalysts in different ways. The effect of water on the activity of sulphided NiMo/γ-Al₂O₃ and CoMo/γ-Al₂O₃ catalysts in hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of aliphatic esters was investigated in a tubular reactor by varying the amount of water in the feed. In additional experiments, H₂S was added to the feed, alone and simultaneously with water.

Under the same conditions, the NiMo catalyst exhibited a higher activity than the CoMo catalyst. The ester conversions decreased with increase in the amount of added water. When H₂S and water were added simultaneously, the conversion increased to the same level as without water addition on the NiMo catalyst and reached a higher value on the CoMo catalyst. The conversions were highest, however, when only H₂S was added. Unfortunately, the conversions decreased with time under all conditions. On both catalysts, the total yield of the C₇ and C₆ hydrocarbons decreased with the amount of added water, while the concentrations of the oxygen-containing intermediates increased. The presence of H₂S improved the total hydrocarbon yield and shifted the main products towards the C₆ hydrocarbons. Thus, the addition of H₂S effectively compensated the inhibition by water.     

CO气相偶联合成草酸二甲酯Pd/α-Al2O3催化剂失活与再利用

作为合成气制乙二醇关键步骤之一,CO与亚硝酸甲酯合成草酸二甲酯备受关注。综述了近年来CO气相偶联合成草酸二甲酯Pd/α-Al₂O₃催化剂失活与再利用研究进展,探讨催化剂再利用工艺存在的问题,指出应根据在工业应用中出现的问题对Pd/α-Al₂O₃催化剂进行失活研究,在此基础上开发针对性的再生工艺;钯催化剂回收方面萃取法和吸附法逐渐成为研究重点,高效、低耗、短流程绿色工艺的开发是失活钯催化剂再利用的发展方向。     

低成本大比表面积γ-Al2O3的制备

以廉价无机铝盐硫酸铝为原料,氨水为沉淀剂,十二烷基硫酸钠为添加剂,采用简单沉淀法制备得到较大比表面积γ-Al₂O₃。通过N₂低温物理吸附-脱附、X射线衍射、红外光谱、热重、元素分析、扫描及透射电镜等,研究制备过程中沉淀温度、溶液pH值和添加剂用量对产物γ-Al₂O₃及其前驱体的晶相结构、形貌织构等性质的影响。结果表明,在沉淀温度75 ℃、硫酸铝浓度0.25 mol·L^-1、溶液pH=9.0、老化时间12 h和n(十二烷基硫酸钠)∶n[Al₂(SO₄)₃]=0.375∶1条件下,所得前驱体(拟薄水铝石)经600 ℃焙烧后,可获得大比表面积(416.65 m²·g^-1)γ-Al₂O₃,并且样品中因十二烷基硫酸钠添加,引入的S及Na等杂质含量极少。