共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
David Salamon Rob G.H. Lammertink Matthias Wessling 《Journal of the European Ceramic Society》2010,30(6):1345-1350
Surface textures (roughness) inside of macro/micro channels have a number of potential uses in advanced ceramic applications, including areas such as bioceramic, cooling, microreactors or friction control. The presented microtemplating method is dealing with templating of structured fibres, which results in formation of variation in surface textures and roughness. Effect of the microtemplate skin texture and ceramic slurry behaviour has been investigated and discussed. Porosity and defects of the microtemplate skin play a key role for roughness/texture of sintered microchannels if their size is larger than the ceramic grain size. The surface roughness inside the micro/macro channel can be easily changed from Ra = 0.8 μm to Ra = 4.9 μm just by changing the microtemplate skin porosity. The results demonstrate possibilities to use this method to tailor surface texture inside microchannels in a one step procedure. 相似文献
2.
Mesoporous titania films were prepared by template-assisted dip coating on 1.4301 stainless-steel substrates processed by grinding and spark erosion to different degrees of roughness. The influence of substrate roughness on the morphology and mesostructure of deposited films was studied. Textures produced by grinding with roughness Ra ranging from 0.10 to 0.78 μm did not noticeably affect the pore structure as confirmed by similar pore size and a single cubic mesophase formed on grinded steel. Grinding had a modest effect on the film integrity which manifested in fractures developed in the texture depressions. Greater roughness of the steel produced by spark erosion affected the micelle self-assembly process yielding two different mesophases on a substrate of 1.08 μm roughness, and resulting in a predominant loss of templated mesostructure on a rougher (Ra = 2.69 μm) substrate surface. Film surface area expressed as m2 BET per m2 of the substrate planar dimensions increased with substrate roughness. Higher roughness resulted in higher photocatalytic activity of crystalline films when tested in methylene blue decomposition. Given that a moderate surface texture had a negligible effect on the film mesostructure, introducing controlled substrate roughness may serve as a technique to enhance the total film surface area. 相似文献
3.
Yinzhou Yan Lin Li Tian Long See Lingfei Ji Yijian Jiang 《Journal of the European Ceramic Society》2013,33(10):1893-1905
A laser controlled fracture peeling technique is demonstrated to smooth the Al2O3 ceramic surface without thermal damages. It was found that a chip can be separated and curled from the ceramic surface during a focused CO2 continuous wave (CW) laser dual-scanning. The thickness of the curled chip is ~50 μm and the formed subsurface roughness (Ra ≈ 2 μm) is close to the surface machined by mechanical breaking (Ra = 1.84 μm). The chip formation is attributed to the controlled fracture by the residual tensile stress in the recast layer, whereas the chip curling only occurs when the melting depth is shallower than the position of lateral cracks. The peeling technique can be applied to polish the cut surface of laser fusion cutting in ceramics. The polished cut surface (Ra = 2.18 μm) is free from recast, crack and heat effects. The microstructure is similar to the base material. The material removal rate during polishing is up to 0.125 mm3/s. 相似文献
4.
Takanori Takeno Shingo Abe Koshi Adachi Hiroyuki Miki Toshiyuki Takagi 《Diamond and Related Materials》2010,19(5-6):548-552
In this study we developed composite coatings consisting of amorphous hydrogenated carbon (a-C:H) and molybdenum-disulfide (MoS2), and clarified their microstructure. In addition, we interpreted the tribological properties of the composite coatings in the viewpoint of a deposition-induced microstructural modification. The coatings were produced by the hybrid deposition technique of RF-generated methane and argon plasma and DC magnetron co-sputtering of MoS2 target. The deposition parameter investigated in this study was methane flow rate. Structural analyses were performed using a transmission electron microscope (TEM) and an atomic force microscope (AFM). Friction tests were conducted using a ball-on-disk type tribometer. From an electron micrograph, it was confirmed that nano-clusters were embedded into an amorphous carbon host matrix. Surface roughness of the composite coating was ~ 0.25 nm in Ra compared to 5.0 nm in Ra of sputtered MoS2. The concentration measurements were performed, and the results show that the sulfur and molybdenum concentration ratio, [S]/[Mo], is ~ 0.9, which indicates that the amount of sulfur was reduced due to the discharged plasma. In friction tests, composite coatings showed high friction in a vacuum condition. It was considered that lubricant MoS2 lamellar structures showing super-low friction in a vacuum condition during friction could not be formed between ball and coating during friction because of the lack of sulfur in embedded clusters. 相似文献
5.
In the paper we report on laser surface modification of super hard micrometer-thick tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C) films in the regime of single-shot irradiation with KrF laser pulses (wavelength 248 nm, pulse duration 20 ns), aimed at investigations of the laser-induced changes of the structure and surface properties of the ta-C films during graphitization and developing ablation processes. Based on the analysis of surface relief changes in the laser-irradiated spots, characteristics of the single-shot graphitization and ablation of the 2-μm-thick ta-C film are determined. Using Raman spectroscopy, it is found that during the graphitization regime the structure transformation and growth of graphitic clusters occur according to the relationship I(D)/I(G) ∝ La2, but after reaching the ablation threshold the Tuinstra-Koenig relationship I(D)/I(G) ∝ 1/La describes further growth of the graphitic cluster size (La) during developing ablation of the ta-C film with nanosecond pulses. The maximal size of graphitized clusters is estimated as La = 4–5 nm. The studies of nanomechanical properties of laser-patterned ta-C films using the lateral force microscopy and force modulation microscopy have evidenced lower friction forces (between diamond-coated tips and film surface) and lower stiffness in the laser-graphitized areas. The laser-produced graphitic layer acts as a solid lubricant during sliding of the diamond-coated tips on the ta-C film surface in ambient air (~ 50% RH); the lubricating role of adsorbed water layers is suggested to be significant at low loads on the tips. The results of this work demonstrate that the UV laser surface texturing in the regime of graphitization is a promising technique to control the friction and surface elasticity of super hard amorphous carbon films on the micro and nanoscale. 相似文献
6.
For biomedical application in the field of artificial hip joints diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings have been widely studied due to their tribological properties. The wear particles as the main factor limiting the life expectancy of hip joints have attracted more and more interest, not only the number of them, but also the distribution of their size. In this study we have deposited DLC coatings on stainless steel (P2000) by a vacuum arc adjustable from anodic to cathodic operation mode, with the anode–cathode diameter ratio of da/dc = 3/1 at a DC bias of − 250 V to − 1000 V. To improve the adhesion of the DLC coating on P2000, titanium as a metallic interlayer was deposited by cathodic vacuum arc evaporation. The internal structure of the coating was investigated by the visible Raman spectroscopy with the four-Gaussian curve fitting method. Comparing the results with the previous work (coatings deposited with da/dc = 1/1), it was found that the anode–cathode diameter ratio has an effect on the structure (e.g. ID/IG) as well as the wear particle size distribution. It was shown that the maximum of the frequency distribution e.g. at − 1000 V bias can be shifted to below 1 μm with increasing da/dc. 相似文献
7.
《Ceramics International》2017,43(9):6858-6867
The aim of the paper is to explore the tribological performance of hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings deposited by radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering on AZ31 magnesium alloy (96% Mg, 3% Al, 0.7% Zn, 0.3% Mn) for biomedical applications. In this study, the position of the samples on a substrate holder, relative to a target erosion zone was taken into consideration in order to elucidate its impact on the coating characteristics, such as composition, morphology, surface topography and tribology. Substrate rotation and arc-movement were foreseen in the experimental set-up to increase the uniformity of thin film properties. The deposited HA thin films were revealed to exhibit an increase of the Ca/P ratio from 1.83 to 1.97, a decrease of (002) texture and thickness, as the samples were shifted towards the target erosion zone. By coatings, the roughness of Mg alloy was decreased (Ra Mg alloy=31.3 nm; Ra coating=29 nm and 21 nm). The coating placed in the centre of the substrate holder showed high hardness and Young's modulus (H =8.3±0.9 GPa; E=89±10 GPa) than the coating prepared under the target erosion zone (H =6.9±1.1 GPa; E=75±6 GPa). The coating deposited under target erosion zone exhibits superior friction behaviour in simulated body fluid environment, with the friction coefficient (μ) of 0.184, while the sample located in the centre of the substrate holder possesses the friction coefficient (0.306) comparable to the AZ31 substrate (0.307). The low wear rate was determined in the case of coating deposited under target erosion zone (4.83×10−5 mm3 N−1 m−1) than uncoated AZ31 substrate (0.00518 mm3 N−1 m−1) or than coating placed in the centre of the substrate holder (0.00294 mm3 N−1 m−1). 相似文献
8.
Tungsten carbide (WC–Co) dies are commercially used for the tube drawing process. However they wear out progressively and are unable to meet the high demands required by the industry. In this study, the effect of nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) coatings on the interior of WC–Co drawing dies using a hot filament chemical vapour deposition technique is reported. A field trial was conducted on the production line for drawing AISI 1541 steel tubes to investigate the quality of the drawn tubes. The surface roughness of the tubes drawn through the NCD coated die was lower (Ra = 381 nm) when compared to the tubes drawn through a regular carbide die (Ra = 527 nm). The average residual stress of tubes drawn through the NCD coated drawing die was lowered by 25%. A pin-on-disc sliding wear test, carried out to estimate the coefficient of friction, showed that the coefficient of friction in the case of the NCD coated die was almost half that of the regular WC–Co dies. The excellent thermal conductivity and lower friction coefficient of NCD coatings also helped to decrease the working temperature of the tube drawing process, thereby resulting in a superior product. 相似文献
9.
Tribological properties of partly polished diamond coatings 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
T. Takeno T. Komoriya I. Nakamori H. Miki T. Abe T. Uchimoto T. Takagi 《Diamond and Related Materials》2005,14(11-12):2118
Extremely low friction coefficient was achieved with “partly polished diamond coatings”. Diamond coatings were deposited onto Si substrates by MWCVD with the mixture of CH4 and H2. Deposited films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy and Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis (ESCA). Sharp peak derived from polycrystalline diamond was observed by XRD. Whereas Raman profile of partly polished diamond coatings was close to that of ta-C. This result suggests that small diamond grains were surrounded by amorphous carbon structure in the diamond coatings. Deposited diamond coating was polished with each other. Surface roughness Ra was reduced to 0.3, 0.2 and 0.08 μm, respectively. The hardness of the polished diamond coatings investigated by Nanoindentation technique was approximately 40.8 GPa, which was relatively lower value compared with conventional as-deposited CVD diamond coatings. For the tribological properties, we examined the effect of surface roughness using flat-ended pin-on-disk apparatus and ball-on-disk apparatus with bearing ball (SUJ2) and stainless steel (SUS304). Diamond coatings were deposited onto flat-ended pin and disk, and they were polished to Ra = 0.3, 0.2 and 0.08 μm. After the 6000 cycle process extremely low friction coefficient, μ = 0.05, was achieved with the pair of Ra (flat-ended pin, disk) = Ra (0.08, 0.3) in flat-ended pin-on-disk apparatus. In order to clarify the effect of surface roughness, ball-on-disk was carried out with different surface roughness, Ra = 1.7, 0.3, 0.2 and 0.08 μm. Here as-deposited diamond coating, Ra = 1.7 μm, was used as a reference point. Friction coefficient of μ = 0.09 was obtained for both balls. After the tribological tests balls were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersed X-ray spectrometer (EDX). 相似文献
10.
This study successfully developed a simple spray approach to fabricate a robust highly amphiphobic poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS)/fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP)/poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) composite coating with high-performance in corrosion-resistance, wear-durable through designing the nano/micro two-tier roughness and fluorinating with materials of the low surface free energy. The highly amphiphobic and tribological properties of the coatings were measured by the contact angle meter and the pin-on-disc tribometer, respectively. It was interested to observe that the composite coating showed superhydrophobic and highly oleophobic simultaneously, with the highest contact angles of water, glycerine and ethylene glycol up to 173 ± 2.1°, 142 ± 2.2° and 139 ± 2.1°, respectively. Moreover, the surfaces of the PPS/FEP composite coatings were investigated by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopic (EDS). The robust highly amphiphobic coating also showed remarkable durability against strong acid and strong alkali in the pH range from 1 to 14. After 47 h sliding wear test, no failure sign on the PPS/45%FEP/PDMS composite coating was observed. Such unique characteristics were attributed to the synergistic effect of the nano/micro two-tier roughness and fluorinating with low surface free energy groups (–CF2–, –CF3–). 相似文献
11.
Martin Stefanic Kristoffer Krnel Tomaz Kosmac 《Journal of the European Ceramic Society》2013,33(15-16):3455-3465
A novel method for the synthesis of a thin β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) coating on zirconia implants has been developed. The synthesis procedure involves two steps: (i) rapid wet-chemical deposition of a biomimetic CaP coating and (ii) subsequent post-deposition processing of the biomimetic CaP coating, which includes a heat treatment at 900 °C followed by a short sonication in a water bath. The obtained β-TCP coating showed a uniform and dense morphology with a thickness of ≈500 nm and displayed a roughness in the nanometre range (Ra = 28 nm). The β-TCP coating demonstrated an apatite-mineralization ability in a simulated body fluid and enhanced the adsorption of serum proteins on the zirconia. Moreover, the β-TCP coating adhered firmly to the zirconia substrate, developing a notable scratch resistance (Lc = 97 N) and tensile strength (52 MPa) and showed strong resistance towards mechanical forces present during implantation of the coated zirconia implant into the artificial bone. 相似文献
12.
《Journal of the European Ceramic Society》2007,27(10):3221-3229
In Saharan areas of Algeria, sandstorms can damage vehicles windshields inducing incidental light diffusion that affects the driver's visibility. Vehicles technical controllers find some difficulties with damaged windshields. The control being made visually with the naked eye, it is therefore difficult to judge when a damaged windshield is no more valid to use. In this context, we studied the influence of the surface state of a soda lime glass on the scattering of a white light. The varying parameters considered are the projected sand mass, the opening of the light beam and the distance sample-receptor. By increasing the projected sand mass up to 200 g, the optical transmission falls from 91.6 to 13% and the roughness increases from 0.035 up to 2.27 μm and then tends toward a constant level. For the as-received state, the image obtained using a CCD camera presents a net boundary and the transmission profile shows a saturation plateau. By damaging the surface, the image boundary deforms and becomes diffuse. For the highly damaged states, the image become completely blurred and the transmission profile disappears. The variation of the transmission according to roughness shows an inflection point at T = 73% and Ra = 1.5 μm. This point seems to separate two domains: a transparent field (Ra < 1.5 μm) and a blur field (Ra > 1.5 μm). The visibility limit obtained in our tests conditions is estimated at about 73%. 相似文献
13.
《Diamond and Related Materials》2005,14(10):1711-1720
The amorphous carbon nitride coatings (a-CNx) were deposited on Si3N4 disks using ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD), and their composition and chemical bonding were determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The a-CNx coatings' hardness was measured by nano-indentation and the friction and wear property of the a-CNx coatings sliding against Si3N4, SiC, Al2O3, SUS440C and SUJ2 balls in water were investigated by using ball-on-disk tribo-meter. The worn surfaces were observed using optical microscopy and analyzed by XPS. The results of XPS analysis showed that the a-CNx coatings contained 12 at.% nitrogen and the major chemical bonding was sp2 C = N and sp3C–N. The nano-hardness of the a-CNx coatings was 29 GPa, higher than those of balls. Among five kinds of tribo-systems, the lowest friction coefficient was obtained in the range of 0.01 to 0.02 for the tribo-systems with SiC and Si3N4 balls, the largest wear rate of the a-CNx coating of 1.77 × 10− 7 mm3/Nm was obtained as sliding against Al2O3 ball, while the smallest wear rate of a-CNx coating of 1.44 × 10− 8 mm3/Nm was gotten as sliding against Si3N4 ball. However, SUJ2 ball showed the highest wear rate of 7.0 × 10− 7 mm3/Nm, whereas Al2O3 ball exhibited the lowest wear rate of ball of 3.55 × 10− 9 mm3/Nm. The XPS analysis on the worn surface for the a-CNx coatings displayed that the nitrogen concentration decreased and the sp2-bonding-rich structure was formed after sliding tests in water. 相似文献
14.
Electrochemical investigation of chromium nanocarbide coated Ti–6Al–4V and Co–Cr–Mo alloy substrates
Viswanathan Swaminathan Haitong Zeng Daniel Lawrynowicz Zongtao Zhang Jeremy L. Gilbert 《Electrochimica acta》2012
This study investigated the electrochemical behavior of chromium nano-carbide cermet coating applied on Ti–6Al–4V and Co–Cr–Mo alloys for potential application as wear and corrosion resistant bearing surfaces. The cermet coating consisted of a highly heterogeneous combination of carbides embedded in a metal matrix. The main factors studied were the effect of substrate (Ti–6Al–4V vs. Co–Cr–Mo), solution conditions (physiological vs. 1 M H2O2 of pH 2), time of immersion (1 vs. 24 h) and post coating treatments (passivation and gamma sterilization). The coatings were produced with high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) thermal spray technique at atmospheric conditions to a thickness of 250 μm then ground and polished to a finished thickness of 100 μm and gamma sterilized. Native Ti–6Al–4V and Co–Cr–Mo alloys were used as controls. The corrosion behavior was evaluated using potentiodynamic polarization, mechanical abrasion and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy under physiologically representative test solution conditions (phosphate buffered saline, pH 7.4, 37 °C) as well as harsh corrosion environments (pH ~ 2, 1 M H2O2, T = 65 °C). Severe environmental conditions were used to assess how susceptible coatings are to conditions that derive from possible crevice-like environments, and the presence of inflammatory species like H2O2. SEM analysis was performed on the coating surface and cross-section. The results show that the corrosion current values of the coatings (0.4–4 μA/cm2) were in a range similar to Co–Cr–Mo alloy. The heterogeneous microstructure of the coating influenced the corrosion performance. It was observed that the coating impedances for all groups decreased significantly in aggressive environments compared with neutral and also dropped over exposure time. The low frequency impedances of coatings were lower than controls. Among the coated samples, passivated nanocarbide coating on Co–Cr–Mo alloy displayed the least corrosion resistance. However, all the coated materials demonstrated higher corrosion resistance to mechanical abrasion compared to the native alloys. 相似文献
15.
《Ceramics International》2017,43(8):6410-6416
This study was aimed at investigating the effects of micro-grooves on the tribological behaviour of a plasma-sprayed Al2O3 – 13%TiO2 coating. A combined surface profile with non-regular depths and micro-groove texture was successfully developed by using a Nd:YVO4 laser system. The surface condition and characterisation of the Al2O3 – 13%TiO2 coating was conducted using a VPSEM and a 3D microscope. A pin-on-disc test was then carried out to measure the effectiveness of the micro-grooves in reducing the wear rates of the Al2O3 – 13%TiO2 coatings under non-lubricated conditions. It was noted that the textured coatings gradually decreased the wear rate with only a slight reduction on the friction coefficient due to the entrapment of the wear debris within the grooves. It was proven that the combined surfaces successfully reduced the wear rate up to 44.7% and 61.5% for 10 N and 20 N of load respectively. 相似文献
16.
Huiying Zhu Yaran Niu Chucheng Lin Liping Huang Heng Ji Xuebin Zheng 《Ceramics International》2013,39(1):101-110
A promising wear resistant coating has been fabricated via vacuum plasma spray (VPS) technique by using electroless plating composite powders comprised of B4C and different amounts of Ni (10 and 20 vol.%). Tribological evaluation from the ball-on-disk test showed that the wear resistance of the composite coatings was superior to that of the pure B4C coating, and the composite deposit containing 10 vol.% Ni demonstrated the optimum tribological properties. This mainly attributed to the more uniform microstructures of the composite coatings, and the higher thermal conductivity of the composite coating also contributed to its distinguished wear behaviors. For the coatings investigated, the dominant wear mechanism was determined to be oxidation and the formation of a transfer layer on the worn surface. 相似文献
17.
The effect of nitrogen doping on the mechanical and electrical performance of single-layer tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C:N) coatings of up to 1 μm in thickness was investigated using a custom-made filtered cathode vacuum arc (FCVA). The results obtained revealed that the hardness and electrical resistance of the coatings decreased from 65 ± 4.8 GPa (3 kΩ/square) to 25 ± 2.4 GPa (10 Ω/square) with increasing nitrogen gas ratio, which indicates that nitrogen doping occurs through substitution in the sp2 phase. Subsequent AES analysis showed that the N/C ratio in the ta-C:N thick-film coatings ranged from 0.03 to 0.29 and increased with the nitrogen flow rate. Variation in the G-peak positions and I(D)/I(G) ratio exhibit a similar trend. It is concluded from these results that micron-thick ta-C:N films have the potential to be used in a wide range of functional coating applications in electronics. 相似文献
18.
K. Polychronopoulou C. Rebholz M.A. Baker L. Theodorou N.G. Demas S.J. Hinder A.A. Polycarpou C.C. Doumanidis K. Böbel 《Diamond and Related Materials》2008,17(12):2054-2061
This study describes the correlation between microstructure, mechanical and tribological properties of TiCx coatings (with x being in the range of 0–1.4), deposited by reactive magnetron sputtering from a Ti target in Ar/C2H2 mixtures at ~ 200 °C. The mechanical and tribological properties were found to strongly depend on the chemical composition and the microstructure present. Very dense structures and high hardness, combined with low wear rates and friction coefficients, were observed for coatings with chemical composition close to TiC. X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis, used to evaluate coating microstructure, composition and relative phase fraction, showed that low carbon contents in the coatings lead to sub-stoichiometric nanocrystalline TiCx coatings being deposited, whilst higher carbon contents gave rise to dual phase nanocomposite coatings consisting of stoichiometric TiC nanocrystallites and free amorphous carbon. Optimum performance was observed for nanocomposite TiC1.1 coatings, comprised of nanocrystalline nc-TiC (with an average grain size of ~ 15 nm) separated by 2–3 monolayers of an amorphous a-DLC matrix phase. 相似文献
19.
To fast remove the surface damage layer from single-crystal-diamond, we have developed a chemical etching process using molten KCl and KOH solution at high temperature around 1100 °C. High removal rate about R{001} = 2.0 μm/h, R{101} = 20 μm/h and R{111} = 26 μm/h was achieved for the {001} sample surfaces, {101} and {111} sample edges, respectively. Laser microscope observation has confirmed that the {001} surface flatness has been greatly improved after etching and surface roughness formed during previous lift-off process has been effectively removed. 相似文献
20.
A method of achieving a superhydrophobic surface based upon a highly filled polyurethane (PU) paint coating has been demonstrated through the use of a combined oxygen/argon plasma pretreatment and a fluoroalkyl silane (FAS) final treatment.The combined plasma-FAS treated PU surface has been investigated and characterised using: field emission gun secondary electron microscope (FEG-SEM); X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS); energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX); water contact angle analysis (WCA); atomic force microscopy (AFM), and; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).It was found that the oxygen/argon plasma treatment increased both the surface roughness (Ra) and surface free energy (SFE) of the PU paint coating from approximately 60–320 nm, and, from ~52 to ~80 mN/m respectively. It was also found that the plasma process created a multiscale roughened texture through the process of differential ablation between the PU polymer and the barium sulphate solid content, which is present in the paint as an extender, and other additives. In addition, the process also imparted favourable polar groups into the PU surface from the ionised and radical oxygen species in the plasma.When the FAS coating was subsequently applied to the PU without prior plasma treatment, there was a significant increases in water contact angles. This parameter increased from approximately 60° on untreated PU to around 130° with FAS applied. In this case, the SFE decreased to ~7.5 mN/m and showed 42.0 at% fluorine present as indicated by XPS.However, subsequently applying the FAS polymer after plasma pretreatment takes advantage of the known synergistic relationship that exists between surface roughness and low surface free energy coatings. The two processes combined to create superhydrophobicity with a surface that exhibited water contact angles up to 153.1°. With this optimised process, the apparent SFE was 0.84 mN/m with a more highly fluorinated surface present. In this case 47.2 at% surface fluorine was observed by XPS.In addition to changes in SFE, plasma treatment was also observed to alter levels of surface gloss and colour. After exposure to 600 s of plasma gloss levels are shown to reduce from values of from ~50 to ~21 (GU), with small but significant corresponding increases in the lightness and yellowness of the surface. 相似文献