纳米晶Ti(C,N)固溶体粉末的制备及组织结构研究

研究了纳米晶Ti(C,N)固溶体粉末的碳热还原反应制备及其组织结构特征。结果表明．以球形亚微米TiO2粉末和纳米碳黑为原料，通过原料成分C／Ti的准确配比和适当的工艺参数，可制备出成分优良的晶粒度为37nm的单相纳米晶Ti(C，N)固溶体粉末。     

开放体系下碳热还原法制备碳氮化钛粉末的研究

在开放体系下,采用碳热还原氮化的方法制备出了碳氮化钛粉末.结合TG、DSC、XRD、SEM等分析测试手段对开放体系下TiO2的碳热还原氮化的反应过程,以及该过程中的物相演变进行了研究.结果表明,随着温度的升高,反应过程中的物相演变遵循TiO2(anatase)→TiO2(rutile)→Ti4O7→Ti3O5→Ti(N,O)→Ti(C,N,O)→Ti(C,N)的顺序;1355℃时,对应着中间氧化物Ti3O5向立方相Ti(C,N,O)的转变,该过程在整个反应进程中转化速度最快;当,m(Ti):m(C)=1:2.7,氮气流量为500ml/min,1600℃下保温3h的情况下,可获得晶粒大小为40.9nm的TiC0.704N0.296粉末.     

几种碳源对碳热还原氮化法制备Ti(C,N)粉末的影响

以纳米TiO2和不同碳源为原料,采用碳热还原氮化法,制备了Ti(C,N)粉末.通过X射线衍射分析、热分析、扫描电镜、化学成分分析等手段研究了TiO2碳热还原氮化过程的反应机理和不同碳源对制备碳氮化钛粉末的影响.结果表明,在TiO2碳热还原氮化过程中,前期主要为TiO2/C固-固反应,后期CO参与的气-固反应变为主要反应...     

Phase transformation and microstructure in (Mg,Ti)-PSZ

Phase transformation and microstructure in Mg-PSZ (8 mol% MgO), sintered (1600°C, 6 h) with 0 to 15 mol% additions of TiO₂ (designated as 0T to 15T specimens), were studied by X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy. According to the room-temperature X-ray lattice parameter, the saturation of TiO₂ in the cubic (c-) zirconia was reached at a total TiO₂ addition of ca. 6 mol% at 1600°C, whereas the solubility limit in tetragonal (t-) zirconia was not reached in the composition range studied. The amount of t-zirconia increases with increasing TiO₂ content at 1600°C, as indicated by the monoclinic (m-) zirconia content in the furnace-cooled specimens. Regardless of the modification of the lattice misfit strain by TiO₂ dissolution, the precipitates of t-phase in the c-matrix remain lenticular with {1 0 0} habit plane. Loops, due probably to condensation of the structural vacancies, were found in the m-phase of 9T, but not in 1T and 6T specimens.     

Ti(C,N)/AlCoCrFeNi基金属陶瓷烧结过程中的微观结构和相变

采用在不同温度下真空烧结制备Ti(C_(0.7)N_(0.3))-WC-Mo_2C-TaC-AlCoCrFeNi体系金属陶瓷。用X射线衍射和背散射扫描电镜研究了该金属陶瓷在烧结过程中的微观结构形成和相转变规律。研究结果表明,多主元AlCoCrFeNi高熵合金粘结相的引入一方面延长了WC扩散固溶形成(W,M)C环形相的过程,抑制了灰色外环相的生长,使得组织中几乎很难观察到连续分布的外环相。另一方面在烧结的初期阶段,组织中形成了大量的M_6C型η相,并且含量随着温度的升高而减少,在1350℃之后η相逐渐溶解消失。     

纳米Ti(C,N)增强Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷的制备研究

采用Ti(C,N)纳米粉末制备Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷.研究了烧结温度、保温时间和升温速度等工艺参数对含10wt％纳米粉末的Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷性能的影响,得到优化烧结工艺为1450℃,保温75min,升温速度3℃/min.用优化工艺制备的Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷抗弯强度提高了约36.7％,增强机理主要表现为细晶强化、弥散强化和固溶强化.     

Hydrothermal preparation of Ba(Ti,Zr)O3 fine powders

Fine powders consisting of aggregated submicron crystallites of Ba(Ti,Zr)O₃ in the complete range of Ti/Zr ratios are prepared at 85–130°C by hydrothermal method, starting from TiO₂ + ZrO₂ · xH₂O mixed gel and Ba(OH)₂ solution. The products obtained below 110°C incorporate considerable amounts of H₂O and OH⁻ within the lattice. As-prepared BaTiO₃ is cubic and converts to tetragonal phase after the heat treatment at 1200°C, accompanied by the loss of residual hydroxyl ions. TEM investgations of the growth features show a transformation of the gel to the crystallite. Ba²⁺ ions entering the gel produce chemical changes within the gel, followed by dehydration, resulting in a cubic perovskite phase irrespective of Ti/Zr. The sintering properties of these powders to fine-grained, high density ceramics and their dielectric properties are presented.     

SD成型剂对Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷显微结构和力学性能的影响

采用低压烧结的方法制备Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷材料,并结合C、N、O分析,XRD、BSE、EDS等测试手段研究了SD成型剂对Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷合金的C含量、相组成及显微结构和力学性能的影响。结果表明,随着SD成型剂添加量的增加,脱胶后压坯的C含量逐渐增加,N含量逐渐减小;烧结后Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷由(Ti,Me)(C,N)(Me=W、Mo、Ta)和Ni/Co固溶体相组成;显微组织以黑芯-白环结构为主,并伴随着少量白芯-灰环的结构。SD添加量为100mL/kg时,Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷材料的抗弯强度达1929MPa,硬度为1588HV30,添加量为180mL/kg时,合金组织中石墨相的出现使其抗弯强度大幅度下降。     

纳米TiC增强Ti(C、N)基金属陶瓷材料的组织与性能研究

采用自制的纳米TiC粉末制备Ti(C、N)基金属陶瓷。研究了纳米粉末对金属陶瓷组织及性能的影响。结果表明，粉末冶金过程中，纳米TiC粉末易于在粘结相中扩散与溶解及沿晶界分布．降低了硬质相在粘结相中的溶解度．抑制了晶粒长大，同时微观上造成局部富C和稳定了硬质相中的C含量，使金属陶瓷材料的环形相增多尺寸增厚。抗弯强度与晶粒尺寸满足于Hall-Petch公式，5％～10％(质量分数)的纳米粉末加入量可使金属陶瓷的抗弯强度得到较大的提高，但硬度与晶粒尺寸的关系反Hall-Petch公式。     

Denitrification of Ti(C,N) based cermet during powder mixing process

Changes in the nitrogen content of Ti(C,N)-based cermets during powder mixing and sintering processes were investigated and the denitrification mechanism was re-evaluated. The denitrification of N-containing cermets occurrs mainly during the powder mixing process, and is relatively small during sintering periods. Denitrification during powder mixing is caused by oxidation of the Ti(C,N) powders in contrast to denitrification during sintering, which is caused by the decomposition of the nitrides due to the high nitrogen partial pressure. It was concluded that the main source of oxygen for the powder oxidation was the water present in the ethanol solvent.     

Ti(C,N)材料的研究进展

分别介绍了Ti(C,N)陶瓷材料、Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷材料和Ti(C,N)基复相陶瓷材料的组织结构、性能、优势及其制备方法。Ti(C,N)陶瓷材料的制备方法主要有气相沉积法、激光熔覆法和自反应喷涂法,Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷材料的制备方法主要有粉末冶金法和自蔓延高温合成法,Ti(C,N)基复相陶瓷材料的制备方法主要有自反应喷射成形法和自反应喷涂法。最后介绍了Ti(C,N)材料的应用及其应用的局限性。     

Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷的研究进展

介绍了Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷的晶体结构和高温力学性能,综述了其主要制备方法和研究进展,详细地分析了其冶金机理和相结构特点,并讨论了环型相的形成机理及缺点,最后指出了Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷研究方向和提高其性能的基本途径,并认为系统考虑其相平衡、粉末冶金机制和加工工艺是制备性能优良的Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷刀具和涂层的关键.     

Ti(C,N)/Ni扩散焊接界面的组织和性能

以铜和铌作为中间夹层,真空扩散焊接Ti(C,N)/Ni,研究温度和时间等主要工艺参数对Ti(C,N)/Ni界面微观组织和性能的影响.结果表明,当扩散焊接的温度低于1273 K时,界面的夹层材料基本保持不变,界面的微观组织为Cu/Nb层状物,铜在镍中有少量扩散;而当扩散焊接的温度为1523K时,界面微观组织在初期为Ni8Nb的金属问化合物 离散析出的CuNi固溶体,到后期变为靠近Ti(C,N)侧为(Ti,Nb)(C,N) NbT(Ni,Ti,Cu)6 NbNia层,靠近Ni侧为NiCu NbNis层.这表明,液态Cu为过渡液相,通过Ni的溶解而形成CuNi过渡液相,加速了Nb在CuNi过渡液相中的溶解.由此产生的NiNbCu过渡液相能浸润Ti(C,N),并在界面处形成少量的(Ti,Nb)(C,N)固溶体合金,从而提高了界面的结合性能,界面剪切强度可达到140 MPa.     

低压烧结温度对Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷显微结构和力学性能的影响

采用低压烧结技术制备了Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷,通过SEM与XRD观察了不同烧结温度下合金的显微结构和物相组成,并对比了合金的力学性能。结果表明,合金的显微结构以黑芯/白环结构为主,物相中仅存在(Ti、W、Mo、Ta)(C,N)和Ni/Co固溶体;随着烧结温度的提高,合金组织逐渐均匀化,抗弯强度和硬度呈现先增大后减小的趋势。1450℃时,合金综合性能最佳,抗弯强度为1774MPa,维氏硬度为1682MPa。     

Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷的组织结构与合金化

Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷的高温红硬性、耐磨性和抗氧化性好,与金属材料间的摩擦系数低,是制作工模具和耐磨零部件的理想材料.简要介绍了合金化成分对Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷组织结构和力学性能的影响以及多元(Ti,M)(C,N)固溶体粉末制备和金属陶瓷烧结技术的研究现状.     

Effect of partially oxidized Ti powders on the microstructure and PTCR characteristics of (Ba,Sr)TiO3

Rutile TiO₂ (a=4.594 å and c=2.958 å) phase was formed on the outer region of Ti powders after oxidation at 600 °C for 1–300 h. Porous (Ba,Sr)TiO₃ ceramics were fabricated by adding partially oxidized Ti powders (4–8 vol %) into (Ba,Sr)TiO₃ powders, and showed excellent positive temperature coefficient of resistivity (PTCR) characteristics after paste-baking treatment at 580 °C in air. The PTCR characteristics of the porous ceramics were mainly attributed to the adsorption of oxygen at the grain boundaries. The microstructure and electrical properties of the porous (Ba,Sr)TiO₃ ceramics containing the partially oxidized Ti powders oxidized at 600 °C for different oxidation times (1–300 h) were investigated.     

On the disappearance of Mo2C during low-temperature sintering of Ti(C,N)-Mo2C-Ni cermets

In order to seek a better understanding of the mechanisms leading to the disappearance of Mo₂C during the sintering of Ti(C,N)-based cermets at or below 1200 °C, the sintering reactions occurring in ternary phase mixtures Ti(C,N)-Mo₂C-Ni and their associated binary counterparts Ni-Mo₂C, Ti(C,N)-Mo₂C and Ni-Ti(C,N) at 1200 °C were investigated by X-ray diffraction analysis. It was shown that the decrease and disappearance of Mo₂C during the sintering of Ti(C,N)-MoC-Ni cermet composites at or below 1200 °C are dictated by the relative amount of Mo₂ to Ni, through enhanced dissolution of Mo₂C in Ni by the presence of Ti(C,N). The reprecipitation of (Ti,Mo)(C,N) onto Ti(C,N) grains does not occur to a large extent under these conditions. On average, when the ratio of Mo₂C to Ni is below or around 0.3, all of the Mo₂C phases present in the Ti(C,N)-Mo₂C-Ni alloys can be dissolved in Ni after 1 h at 1200 °C. However, when the ratio is well over 0.3, only partial dissolution of Mo₂C can be observed even when the alloys are sintered at 1200 °C for 10 h. Both Mo₂C and Ti(C,N) can be dissolved in Ni in the solid state, but the dissolution of Mo₂C in Ni in the Ti(C,N)-Mo₂C-Ni alloys is enhanced by the presence of Ti(C,N), hence N, compared to the dissolution of Mo₂C in the Ni-Mo₂C alloys. Negligible phase interactions are detected between Ti(C,N) and Mo₂C when sintered at 1200 °C for up to 5 h, either with or without Ni presence.     

Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷功能梯度材料的制备

利用热等静压技术高温高压的特点,在金属陶瓷的基体上获得了硬质梯度涂层.借助扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、显微硬度计和电子探针分析技术对N化后材料的组织、结构、性能进行了测试分析.结果表明,高温高压N化能在表面形成硬质梯度薄膜,表面区域N的活度梯度是促使各合金元素迁移形成氮化表面层特征组织的最终驱动力.表面硬度和心部韧性提高,并且硬度由表及里逐渐减小,这是由于高温高压氮化处理使材料中的孔洞闭合,微裂纹和缺陷的减少使得材料的性能得到显著提高.