药芯焊丝的拉拔力计算模型

通过药芯焊丝拉拔应力分析,建立了冷轧钢带法制造药芯焊丝的拉拔力计算模型,分析了影响拉拔力的因素。影响药芯焊丝拉拔的因素很多,其中钢带的力学性质、焊丝的变形程度、拉丝模的内孔尺寸、拉拔速度、摩擦与润滑条件对拉拔应力影响较大。在低速拉拔时,拉拔应力随拉拔速度的增加而增大。中速拉拔时,拉拔应力随拉拔速度的增大而下降。继续增大拉拔速度,拉拔应力变化不大。     

铝拉丝润滑油的选用及其循环系统的设计

对高速铝大拉机生产铝单线时出现的问题及其解决方法进行分析和总结,重点论述了铝拉丝润滑油的选用及其循环过滤系统的设计。     

等温转变对72A帘线钢线材直拉能力的影响

为探求线材的组织结构对钢帘线直拉工艺的适应性,通过铅淬火等温处理和直拉加工等实验与分析,开展了72A帘线钢线材的组织优化研究。结果表明:索氏体组织线材具有较好的冷加工性能;工业生产中,采用相变前快冷、相变区(600～620℃)近似等温转变的控制冷却工艺,72A帘线钢线材获得了均匀的索氏体组织,实际应用完全满足钢帘线直拉工艺要求。     

Effect of coating material and lubricant on forming force and surface defects in wire drawing process

A pilot wire drawing machine as well as wire end-pointing roller was developed. Using these machines, a wire drawing test for four different coating materials and two different lubricants was performed as the reduction ratio increased from 10% to 30%. Materials used for a substrate in this study are plain carbon steel (AISI1045) and ultra low carbon bainite steel. To compute the friction coefficient between the coating layer of wire and the surface of die for a specific lubricant, a series of finite element analyses were carried out. SEM observations were also conducted to investigate the surface defects of wire deformed. Results show that the behavior of drawing force varies with the lubricant-type at the initial stage of drawing. The powder-typed lubricant with a large particle causes the retardation of full lubrication on the entire contact surface and the local delamination of coating layer on the wire surface. As the flow stress of a substrate increases, the delamination becomes severe.     

65钢拉拔笔尖状断裂分析及工艺改进

利用光谱分析、金相分析等方法对65钢盘条拉拔过程中出现的笔尖状断口进行了分析,结果表明：出现笔尖状断裂的原因为钢材内部存在混晶组织。在其他工艺不变的情况下最大限度缩短末端水箱和吐丝机之间的距离以减少盘条头部未穿水部分长度,并将未穿水部分剪切掉可以消除这类质量问题。     

Effect of coating material and lubricant on forming force and surface defects in wire drawing process

A pilot wire drawing machine as well as wire end-pointing roller was developed. Using these machines, a wire drawing test for four different coating materials and two different lubricants was performed as the reduction ratio increased from 10% to 30%. Materials used for a substrate in this study are plain carbon steel (AISI1045) and ultra low carbon bainite steel. To compute the friction coefficient between the coating layer of wire and the surface of die for a specific lubricant, a series of finite element analyses were carried out. SEM observations were also conducted to investigate the surface defects of wire deformed. Results show that the behavior of drawing force varies with the lubricant-type at the initial stage of drawing. The powder-typed lubricant with a large particle causes the retardation of full lubrication on the entire contact surface and the local delamination of coating layer on the wire surface. As the flow stress of a substrate increases, the delamination becomes severe.     

拉丝用高品质45钢盘条的开发

结合凌源钢铁股份有限公司现场设备,通过冶炼时采用无铝脱氧剂,LF精炼采用无铝造渣材料,连铸二冷区采用弱冷方式,轧钢斯太尔摩冷却线采用标准型冷却方式等工艺,开发生产了拉丝用45钢盘条,产品实物质量完全符合拉丝材要求,并对浸蚀后的金相试样横截面局部颜色变深现象进行了讨论分析。     

硬线钢盘条拉拔断裂分析及工艺改进

针对硬线钢盘条拉拔断裂问题,分别对拉拔性能较差批次的盘条和在拉拔过程中断裂的产品取样,采用光学金相显微镜、拉伸试验机、扫描电镜和能谱仪对其表面质量、化学成分、力学性能、夹杂物、显微组织和中心偏析等分析。结果表明：盘条拉拔断裂的主要原因是盘条中存在中心孔洞及中心碳偏析,其次是在断口存在的Al2O3夹杂物和大颗粒球状夹杂物,在拉拔过程中形成微裂纹并逐步扩展导致断裂。通过确保精炼钢包底吹效果,控制中包过热度及温度波动分别在20～35 ℃和±5 ℃,稳定连铸拉速和波动分别在2 m/min和±0.2 m/min后,铸坯内部缺陷明显减轻,盘条拉拔断裂现象减少。     

Residual stress characteristics in a non-circular drawing sequence of pearlitic steel wire

In this paper, characteristics of residual stress in pearlitic steel wire drawn by a non-circular drawing (NCD) sequence with two processing routes, NCDA and NCDB, were experimentally and numerically investigated up to the 12th pass in comparison with conventional wire drawing (WD). For experimental investigation of the axial residual stress at the surface of the drawn wire, destructive (deflection) and non-destructive methods were employed. According to the experimental results, axial surface residual stress of the drawn wire by the NCD sequence was lower and more homogeneous compared to the conventional WD. Based on the elasto-plastic numerical simulation results from the surface to the center of the drawn wire using a commercial DEFORM-3D, an empirical relationship between residual stress and reduction of area was determined to predict the residual stress evolution in the multi-pass WD, NCDA, and NCDB, in that order. From the results of this investigation, it can be construed that the NCD sequence, especially the NCDB, might be helpful in improving the residual stress characteristics of pearlitic steel wire to improve its mechanical behavior and service life.     

基于能耗计算的PCD拉丝模压缩角优化设计

分析切割钢丝拉拔过程中压缩变形功、摩擦阻力功及在变径区由于速度突变而消耗的多余变形功,分别推导其相应的功率损耗数学公式,最后得出切割钢丝拉拔过程中总功率损耗表达式。以太阳能硅晶片切割钢丝用PCD拉丝模为例,计算出?0.12 mm切割钢丝用PCD拉丝模具的最佳压缩半角α=3.675°,及其最小平均拉拔力F=2.49 N。      

Some problems of multi-stage fine wire drawing of high-alloy steels and special alloys

The paper presents the results of investigations of mechanical properties variation in drawn wires of high-alloy steels and special alloys. The optimum ranges of deformation were determined, basing on the strength reserve coefficient. The values of the critical back tension were experimentally obtained. For one steel grade (stainless steel) the measurements of residual stresses were performed. The influence of the drawing schedule (i.e. the distribution of partial reduction of area in multi-stage drawing) and destressing on the distribution of longitudinal residual stresses was investigated.     

高速线材轧机φ22 mm盘条的开发与应用

为了适应市场对φ22 mm冷镦钢、圆环链等产品的需求,安阳钢铁股份有限公司在高速线材生产线上对其进行了开发。通过孔型优化设计,实现了粗、中轧圆钢、带肋钢筋盘条孔型共用,减少了孔型系列,提高了生产效率;制定了料形、辊缝、张力等工艺操作规范,保证了生产顺行、产品质量。针对生产中吐丝卷形不良、盘条表面划伤的问题,分析了其产生原因,并提出了相应的改进措施,可对盘条外形尺寸、表面质量、卷形质量等进行有效控制,满足了用户要求。     

Large reduction die-less mandrel drawing of magnesium alloy micro-tubes

Die-less drawing using wire mandrel was proposed aiming to develop the process to manufacture magnesium (Mg) alloy micro-tubes. The ratio of thickness to outer diameter of drawn tubes was controlled by changing drawing speed and feeding speed referring to the formula derived from “volume constancy principle”. The results were as follows. The attainable reduction limit was enhanced by raising heating temperature of mother tubes and the maximum cross-sectional reduction of 58.3% was obtained through a single pass drawing. Mg alloy micro-tubes with outer diameter of 3.35 mm and wall-thickness of 0.69 mm were fabricated through the optimized multi-pass drawing. Mg alloy micro-tubes developed in this study can be used for medical, medicinal, sanitary and chemical appliances.     

无模拉拔成形过程中金属氧化动力学模型

为提高无模拉拔制品的表面质量,优化无模拉拔工艺参数,并预测氧化膜厚度,通过分析变形温度、变形程度等因素对金属氧化过程的影响,针对无模拉拔成形金属锥形管,建立了无模拉拔成形时金属的氧化动力学模型,并与304不锈钢的实验结果进行对比。结果表明,无模拉拔成形过程的氧化动力学曲线呈抛物线-直线复合规律,变形程度增大,变形温度升高,金属的氧化速度加快,氧化膜厚度增加;304不锈钢锥形管无模拉拔成形时,随着拉拔的进行,变形程度逐渐增大,表面氧化膜厚度逐渐增厚,理论预测值和实测值之间的最大相对误差10%;降低感应加热温度、缩短冷热源距离,可以减小金属的氧化程度,有利于提高金属表面质量。     

Numerical study on the evolution of surface defects in wire drawing

In this study, a three-dimensional finite element analysis for multi- or single-pass wire drawing was carried out in order to evaluate the deformation behavior of various surface defects, such as longitudinal, transverse, oblique, and round, introduced during the manufacturing processes. For numerical simulations, a free surface contact treatment algorithm was employed to suppress node penetration by applying a penalty method. Simulation results were compared with the experimental data obtained by optical microscopy for multi-pass drawing samples of the medium carbon steel wire with a longitudinal round-type defect in terms of variation of the load requirement and evolution of the cross-sectional shape of the surface defect. Additional numerical studies were carried out to investigate changes of cross-sectional shapes of various surface defects depending on stress distributions in the single-pass wire drawing. It was found that the radial and circumferential stress components determined the final shape and aspect ratio of the defect. The current numerical approach can be helpful in determining a guideline to assess the acceptability of the surface quality of the drawn wire for the secondary manufacturing process based on the available data in the literature.     

基于0.618法的深筒制件首次拉深系数判定方法

首次拉深系数对深筒制件多次拉深成形工艺和成形件质量有重要的影响,工程应用中主要依靠经验和反复试错的方法来确定,如何快速、准确地设定深筒制件首次拉深系数成为生产中亟需解决的问题。提出了一种深筒制件首次拉深系数的确定方法,该方法以控制筒壁最大减薄率为目标,基于有限元模拟技术,应用0.618优化方法确定首次拉深系数。将该方法应用于某深筒制件案例,结果表明:该方法可以快速、准确地获得与经验法一致的结果;同时,使用DC01钢及相似材料进行多次拉深时,将首次拉深最大减薄率控制在11%,后续拉深能够顺利进行。     

S形截面不锈钢钢丝的成形与模拟分析

根据钢丝的截面形状与不锈钢的特性,采用1道辊弯及2道辊模拉拔的成形方案,并设计出轧辊的孔型,利用DEFORM3D软件对钢丝的成形过程进行模拟,截取工件周向上200个点的等效应力并分析各个方向上所受应力的变化,通过工件上等效应力、等效应变及金属流动状况分析了工件成形的变形机理。     

On the deformation of bimetal wires by drawing

In this study the bimetal wire drawing process is investigated both experimentally and theoretically. Three coating materials, namely copper and the brasses Ms63 and Ms70 are considered in combination with steel St37 wire core. This paper explores some of the unusual effects of the lubrication when drawing a steel wire clad with soft copper. This is explained and discussed using both force equilibrium equations of a generalized deformation mode as well as experimental measurements of the drawing force, strains and microhardness of each constituent of the bimetal wire.     

Fixed abrasive diamond wire machining—part I: process monitoring and wire tension force

The process monitoring and mechanics of fixed abrasive diamond wire saw machining are investigated in this study. New techniques to affix diamond particles to a steel wire core have advanced to make this process feasible for the machining of ceramics, wood, and foam materials. Developments in fixed abrasive diamond wire machining are first reviewed. Advantages of using fixed abrasive diamond wire machining are then introduced. The process monitoring and signal processing techniques for measuring the cutting forces, wire speed, down feed rate, and wire bow angle in diamond wire saw machining are developed. The application of a capacitance sensor to measure the wire bow and a procedure to convert the wire bow to vertical cutting force in a rocking motion wire saw machine are developed. The tension force of the wire during cutting is also derived and discussed.     

Lubrication using porous surface layer for cold drawing of steel wire

As a lubricant for steel cold working, metal soap on zinc phosphate coating is widely used. However the lubrication causes hazardous wastes, and hence an alternative system is demanded. The authors proposed to utilize porous layer on workpiece surface as a reservoir of liquid lubricant. In this study, 0.64%C steel wires were oxidized at 923 K under air and chemically reduced by pure hydrogen to form porous surface layer with pores 1–2 μm in diameter. In cold drawing with machine oil, the friction coefficient on the porous surface was 0.06, while that on normal surface was 0.11. The lubrication mechanism with porous surface is discussed.