A tradeoff resource allocation based on MF‐TDMA scheme in the multibeam data relay satellite systems

A tremendous increase in the number of distributed satellite constellations with the unscheduled burst data traffic will impose addition and diverse requirements on the DRS (data relay satellite) systems, which increases the complexity for beam management and affects a real‐time data return and acquisition. In this paper, we suggested that a large capacity can be achieved by a multibeam DRS system based on multifrequency time division multiple access scheme providing multiaccess for the distributed satellite constellations. Because the space‐based information network is characterized by the limited on‐board resources, a highly dynamic topology and time‐varying intersatellite links, we designed a 2‐stage dynamic optimization approach to separate the multiobjective optimization for frequency/time blocks and power, aiming at the rapidly converging to the optimal solution and at the same time meeting the fairness resource allocation. In particular, a capacity‐fairness tradeoff algorithm is proposed based on hybrid the enhanced genetic algorithm and the particle swarm optimization. Simulation results show that the tradeoff between maximizing total capacity and providing proportional fairness allocation is well balanced. The proposed algorithm can rapidly converge to adapt to the highly dynamic topology in data relay satellite systems.     

基于LMS算法的TDRSS自适应多波束形成

跟踪与数据中继卫星系统（TDRSS）是转发地球站对低、中轨航天器的跟踪测控信号和中继从航天器发回地面的信息的卫星通信系统,自适应多波束形成是TDRSS中的一个关键技术。讨论了一种基于中频实数加权的LMS算法的自适应多波束形成方法,采用两路正交实信号进行实数加权,大大节约了硬件资源。理论分析及计算机仿真结果都证明了该算法的可行性及优越性。     

基于TDRSS阵列天线的目标跟踪算法

采用基于跟踪与数据中继卫星系统构建的天地一体化遥测、跟踪与指挥系统,不仅能有效地提高遥测、跟踪与指挥的覆盖率、定轨精度、飞行器全程测量和对多目标的同时遥测、跟踪与指挥能力,而且能够完成各类对地观测卫星的高速实时数据回传的任务。与常规的测控系统不同的是,中继星的遥测、跟踪与指挥是在地球这一复杂的背景环境下进行的,因而会受到各种各样的干扰。采用阵列天线对目标进行自适应跟踪可以实现空域滤波,使信号得到加强,干扰得到抑制。采用Matlab软件仿真了中继星对目标星的跟踪过程,并对两种经典的自适应跟踪算法（LMS,DMI）进行了研究。通过分析信号干扰比的变化,比较两种算法的跟踪性能。     

25.25～27.5 GHz频段卫星间业务与IMT系统兼容性研究

基于现有技术参数,研究了25.25～27.5 GHz频段国际移动通信（IMT）系统与卫星间业务数据中继卫星（DRS）系统间的干扰共存情况。采用集总干扰评估方法,比较了数据中继卫星经度分别在59°、85°、113°时,IMT基站对其造成干扰的情况。此外,还通过固定干扰余量,推导了IMT基站总数及其与IMT发射功率之间的关系。研究结果可为未来25.25～27.5 GHz频段IMT系统设计与部署、5G频率规划提供借鉴。     

基于Simulink仿真的用户星天线控制系统分析

为满足中继卫星系统对天线指向精度的要求,首先描述了天线指向控制概念,对用户星与中继卫星星间链路的建立过程进行了分析,并且设计了星上自主控制方案,在Simulink环境下对所设计的天线指向控制系统进行了数学仿真,最后通过对仿真结果的分析验证了用户星天线控制系统的跟踪性能。     

基于STK/Schedule实现中继卫星业务调度

中继卫星调度问题是中继卫星系统应用中的关键问题之一。STK/Schedule模块不仅提供了优秀的时序和任务规划算法,还对外提供了应用程序接口。通过分析中继卫星系统资源、可见性以及任务约束特点,提出了利用STK/X组件调用STK/Schedule的可视化计算以及调度算法进行二次开发的方法。在简化应用程序开发难度的同时,解决了多用户多任务需求的情况下的中继卫星业务调度问题。     

中继卫星系统用户终端关键技术分析

用户终端在跟踪与数据中继卫星系统(TDRSS)中具有重要作用.介绍了中继卫星系统用户终端的分类、功能和组成,重点对用户终端采用的全数字化可编程综合基带、自动增益控制(AGC)、相参转发和小型化等关键技术进行了总结和分析,已工程实现的用户终端功能和性能满足系统要求.最后,提出了用户终端技术的发展趋势.     

CLASS: A Comprehensive Satellite Link Simulation Package

CLASS (communication link analysis and simulation system) is a software package developed for NASA to predict the communication and tracking performance of the tracking and data relay satellite system (TDRSS) services. This paper describes the capabilities of CLASS and the communication link model used, and discusses typical applications for CLASS.     

Pointing, acquisition and tracking for optical space communications

Free-space links between satellites provide a means of introducing increased connectivity into a satellite system. This can result in enhanced traffic capacity and extended coverage for telecommunication systems and real-time relay of instrument data to the ground for Earth observation missions. Optical links offer the potential advantages over microwave links of lower mass and power and reduced size so that they can be accommodated more easily on the satellite. However the narrow optical beamwidths involved result in stringent pointing, acquisition and tracking (PAT) requirements. This paper describes a concept for a compact PAT system which employs a passive antivibration mount to filter out high-frequency disturbances from the satellite. This is under development as part of the ESA-funded Small Optical User Terminal (SOUT) programme. The system concept, hardware implementation, and results of breadboarding critical items are presented     

A MEO Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System Constellation Scheme for China

A medium earth orbit （MEO） tracking and data relay satellite system （TDRSS） constellation scheme for China is proposed. This system consists of MEO satellite constellation, inter-satellite links （ISLs） and terrestrial gateway station, which can provide continuous bidirectional data transmission links between low altitude spacecrafls and the terrestrial gateway station in China. Theoretical analysis and simulation results indicate that the proposed constellation can cover the global low altitude space sphere and earth surface of China continuously, and has a preferable practical perspective.     

日本天基测控通信网数据中继与跟踪卫星系统的体系结构及特性

本文简要综述了日本天基测控通信网数据中继与跟踪卫星系统(DRTSS)的体系结构及特性、测控通信系统及其技术性能，并介绍了日本与国际联网合作的近况。     

中继终端跟踪接收机的设计

中低轨航天器中继终端常采用自动跟踪技术,完成对数据中继卫星的捕获跟踪,建立高速数据中继传输链路。文章针对中继终端应用需求,给出了一种典型的单通道单脉冲接收设备主要性能设计,通过MAT-LAB/Simulink软件仿真验证证明设计可行。     

An adaptive calibration and beamforming technique for a GEO satellite data relay

High throughput data links from low Earth orbit satellites through a geostationary orbit satellite data relay have been proposed to increase the available contact times to ground stations. Accurate antenna beam pointing and tracking of moving targets are key requirements for the relay satellite. In this work, we propose an adaptive calibration and beamforming methodology on the basis of least mean squares, which is suitable for a geostationary orbit data relay. The target system consists of the combination of a high gain reflector fed by a digitally steerable patch antenna array. The proposed method is first presented by numerical cosimulation of the antenna and the calibration algorithm. The results are then validated in an outdoor experimental setup with all digital signal processing implemented in a field‐programmable gate array. We demonstrate the tracking ability and pointing performance of the digitally enhanced reflector antenna with gain fluctuations smaller than 3 dB over a field of view of at least 2,5°. The demonstrated performance shows that the digitally enhanced reflector antenna is a suitable candidate for long‐distance space communications.     

Relay Selection Strategy in the Secure Cooperative Communications System

With the low cost and low hardware complex considerations, cooperative systems are a tendency in the future communications. This work considers the secure cooperative communications systems. For a practical situation in the system, the scenario includes multiple source stations, multiple relay stations, multiple destination stations, and eavesdroppers. To analyze the optimal relay selection in the system, we begin with the performance analysis for a single source station and a single destination station. By applying two cooperative models, the amplify-and-forward (AF) mode and decode-and-forward (DF) mode, the secrecy capacity is derived. Then, we apply the derived results to the considered environment to find the optimal relay assignment. By the way, the relay selection can be obtained by the exhaustive search algorithm. However, there are a lot of steps needed if the number of source stations is large. Hence, applying the characters of the cooperative modes in the relay selection, the pre-selection step is proposed with a mathematical derivation. It could be used for the practical situation without a long-time calculation.     

An enhanced MAC protocol based on the IEEE 802.11 for data relay satellite systems

Data relay satellite (DRS) systems play an important role in space information networks. Characterized by highly dynamic topology and discontinuous communication links, it is suggested that the IEEE 802.11 protocol employed in such a network could be more flexible. However, such a terrestrial network protocol could not be applied to DRS systems directly, nor supports a fast response due to the long propagation delay and severe packet collision. To address this challenge, we proposed an enhanced media access control (MAC) protocol based on the IEEE 802.11 protocol providing multiaccess for low earth orbit (LEO) distributed constellations. In this paper, we investigated the access delay performance of the proposed protocol in our model. Then, we derived a contention window adaption by using an iteration algorithm that can dynamically adjust the values of the contention window depending on the number of user satellites in the communication coverage. Simulation results show that the average access delay does not exceed 20 seconds, which is significantly lower than the standard protocol. Moreover, the traffic threshold is increased to 0.6, and the maximum throughput has doubled compared with the standard protocol. It is proved that the enhanced MAC protocol shows a better performance in DRS systems.     

CO2laser communication systems for near-earth space applications

Projects of the growth of earth-sensing systems for the latter half of the 1980's show a data transmission requirement of 300 Mbit/s and above. Mission constraints and objectives lead to the conclusion that the most efficient technique to return the data from a sensing satellite to a ground station is through a geosynchronous data relay satellite. Of the two links that are involved (sensing satellite to relay satellite and relay satellite to ground), a laser system is most attractive for the space-to-space link. A five-year program was conducted which has shown the basic technical feasibility of accomplishing this link with a CO2laser system operating at a wavelength near 10 µm. The system uses a mercury-cadmium-telluride infrared mixer cooled to approximately 100 K by a radiative cooler. The laser local oscillator and coupling-modulated laser transmitter use conductively cooled beryllium oxide construction. The optical antenna used for transmission and reception has a gain of nominally 92 dB with a 3-dB beamwidth of 80 µr. Tracking jitter is less than ten µr and signal acquisition occurs in less than 1 min. The receiver subsystem has a sensitivity of 10^-19W/Hz, accommodates a 300-Mbit/s data rate, and can track Doppler frequency variations over a ±700-MHz range.     

星间激光链路数据中继技术研究进展

基于高性能激光链路构建高速安全的数据中继卫星系统可为不同轨道、不同功能的对地观测卫星和用户航天器提供大容量、无缝隙的数据中继服务,在军事和民用领域均具有广泛的应用前景。以欧洲为代表的发达国家相继开展了星间激光链路数据中继技术的理论研究和星上演示验证,并启动了相应的工程验证计划。综述了国内外星间激光链路数据中继技术的研究现状,对几种典型激光链路数据中继卫星系统,着重研究了系统结构、激光终端及模拟验证实验。最后,分析了数据中继卫星激光链路组网中着重关注的几个方向。     

Improving satellite services with cooperative communications

This paper proposes new transmission schemes for the delivery of satellite services. In the proposed scenarios, mobile terminals are allowed to forward the signal received from the satellite. This scheme provides spatial diversity just like MIMO transmission schemes. Moreover, the coverage area is extended because masked terminals have an additional opportunity to get the service from neighboring terminals. We use the paradigm of cooperative communications to compare the advantages and limitations of several scenarios in hybrid terrestrial/satellite systems. In particular, we study the following basic transmission scheme: in a first time slot, the satellite sends its signal and, in a second time slot, mobile terrestrial terminals are relaying the satellite signal. An analysis framework is proposed and applied to this cooperation scenario at the destination terminal. The framework is modeling the cooperation process and clearly separates the control part from the data user part. The paper outlines the importance of the control part by evaluating the relay selection policy on a basic hybrid satellite/ad hoc system. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

K波段宽带数据通信收发信机

本文介绍一个用于跟踪与数据通信卫星系统的用户终端的K波段宽带收发信机,它利用多频段相参本振源、QPSK调制、毫米波混合集成技术实现相参宽带数据收发,并为数据处理终端提供各种调制方式的高速数传接口。本文主要介绍该收发信机设计原理及特点,以及各主要部分的实现方法。收发前端的各项技术指标都达到了设计要求。     

面向小倾角近圆低轨卫星的DBF波束指向角研究

研究了DBF开环跟踪过程中面向小倾角近圆低轨卫星的波束指向角问题,为避免采用数据拟合进行轨道预测出现的奇点问题,文中引入改进的第二类无奇点根数代替经典开普勒根数,将地心惯性坐标系下的卫星位置速度转化为瞬时轨道根数。采用最小二乘法拟合得到平均轨道根数,以此为参数计算出航天器和中继星的位置,并给出了DBF波束指向角的计算流程。仿真结果验证了文中算法的正确性和有效性。