Flavor Migration Out of Food Matrices: II. Quantifying Flavor Migration from Dough Undergoing Isothermal Heating

ABSTRACT A new approach using cold-trap, on-line sampling was applied to investigate migration rate of limonene, tert-butylbenzene, and pyrazine in a flour dough matrix. Flavor equilibrium concentration and migration rates were shown to be strong functions of initial concentration. Due to encapsulation of flavor compounds at lower moisture content, it was not possible to totally extract the flavor compounds from the matrix by solvent extraction. The cold-trap online sampling method could be satisfactorily used to generate data on flavor migration rates in dough matrices.     

Flavor Migration Out of Food Matrices: I. System Development for On-line Measurement of Flavor Concentration

ABSTRACT To obtain useful and meaningful information on the contributions of rates of flavor migration and kinetics of degradation under various conditions, the goal of this study was to develop an apparatus for on-line measurement of flavor concentration, to formulate a thermally stable flavor-dough system and to accomplish isothermal heating. Methodology for measuring on-line flavor concentration in effluent gas from a closed vessel is discussed in this paper. Performance of the on-line apparatus for measuring flavor concentration with a cold-trap on-line sampling method was verified by conducting a series of recovery and retention experiments on 4 flavor compounds. Good quantitative recovery data were obtained.     

Moisture Migration in Solid Food Matrices

ABSTRACT: The goals of this study were to measure moisture migration in a porous solid matrix simulating a real food (flour dough) and to accomplish heating of the solid matrix. An off-line technique and a microwave temperature controller system were developed for measuring moisture concentration under isothermal heating condition. A temperature profile of a cylindrical dough sample was achieved by accurate control of microwave energy input and preheated carrier gas temperature. Results showed a simplified 1st order kinetic model adequately predicted moisture loss in dough samples. Effect of temperature on the rate constant was adequately modeled by the Arrhenius relationship. The rate constant was found to be affected by porosity of the dough sample.     

微波加热对多环芳烃在食品模拟物中迁移行为的影响

采用气相色谱-质联法,研究了微波加热对食品接触材料中多环芳烃在水、乙酸(体积分数为3%)、乙醇(体积分数为10%)等3种食品模拟物中迁移行为的影响。结果表明:微波加热对迁移行为有显著的影响,迁移量随加热时间的增加而增加。     

微波条件对食品接触材料化学迁移的影响

模拟微波炉使用条件,考察了多种不同材质的食品接触材料在4种食品模拟物(水、4%乙酸、65%乙醇、正己烷)中总迁移量大小和迁移规律。结果表明,样品在一种或多种食品模拟物中都有一定程度的迁移,且在4%乙酸中迁移相对较大。通过研究微波条件对食品接触材料迁移的影响,发现随着微波加热功率的增大和加热时间的延长,样品向食品模拟物中的迁移量增大。随着样品循环使用次数的增加,迁移量逐渐减少。     

冷冻馒头微波复热过程中温度和水分变化的研究

本文以冷冻馒头为研究对象 ,研究了微波复热过程中的温度变化和水分迁移情况。指出微波加热存在温度梯度的转换 ,馒头表面、内层和中心部位温升情况和含水量变化存在差异 ,馒头中心部位失水最快。微波解冻 /加热的方式以及内容物的数量、大小等对此也有影响     

不同加热处理对牦牛肉风味组成和质构特性的影响

取西藏种萨牦牛肉,研究不同热处理方式(微波加热、高压炖煮和常温水煮)对牛肉风味和质构特性的影响。结果表明：这3种热处理得到的牦牛肉产品风味化合物主要包括脂肪烃、脂环烃、脂肪醛、脂肪酮、芳香烃、含硫化合物和脂肪醇6大类,其中醛类化合物(己醛、壬醛和辛醛等)为熟牦牛肉的特征风味。微波加热形成的风味种类最高,达137种,高压炖煮次之(133种),常温水煮最差(128种),微波加热形成的醛类化合物达10种,高压炖煮形成的醛类化合物为5种,而常温水煮形成醛类化合物为4种。对微波加热、高压炖煮和常温水煮3种加热方式形成的牛肉进行质地剖面分析,表明微波加热形成的牛肉硬度低、弹性高等最佳质感效果。综合风味指标、质构指标和感官评价指标,确认微波加热牦牛肉品质最优。     

Determination of Pyrazine and Flavor Variations in Peanut Genotypes During Roasting

ABSTRACT: During peanut roasting, pyrazine compounds correlate highly with roasted flavor and aroma. Although roast color measurement is used to predict roasted flavor in peanuts, there are known variations between roast color and flavor development among genotypes. A method for measuring pyrazines using headspace solid‐phase microextraction (SPME) was developed and 4 peanut genotypes were roasted and analyzed under a variety of time‐temperature combinations. Peanut genotypes differed in roasted flavor and aroma, regardless of roast color. Florida MDR 98 formed the highest levels of pyrazines under the same roasting conditions, followed by Florunner, Georgia Greene, and SunOleic 97R, respectively. Of all pyrazines tested, 2,5‐dimethylpyrazine was most highly correlated to roasted peanut flavor and aroma.     

不同复热方式对猪耳朵制品挥发性风味和脂肪氧化的影响

利用吹扫捕集-热脱附-气相色谱-质谱联用结合嗅闻技术和硫代巴比妥酸反应活性物质（thiobarbituric acid reaction substances,TBARS）值对不同复热方式（巴氏、水蒸、微波、高温）处理的猪耳朵制品挥发性风味物质含量和脂肪氧化程度进行分析。结果表明,不同复热处理样品共鉴定出58?种风味物质,醛类和烃类物质含量较高;基于风味活性值分析,己醛、辛醛、壬醛、癸醛、（E）-2-癸烯醛、（E,E）-2,4-癸二烯醛、1-辛烯-3-醇、苯酚和丁香酚对复热风味贡献较大;基于主成分分析,水蒸复热样品风味变化不明显;复热猪耳朵制品过熟味（warmed-off flavor,WOF）以亚麻籽油味为主,带有轻微的金属味和酸败味;巴氏复热显著增加WOF关键风味因子含量和TBARS值;微波复热能够较好避免复热WOF的形成。     

微波技术在颗粒食品膨化机械上的应用

利用微波技术对颗粒食品膨化机械加工过程中的加热方式进行改进,分析阐述了微波加热的原理、微波加热系统的基本组成以及微波对颗粒食品膨化的作用机理。     

MRI研究泠冻馒头微波复热过程水分的迁移变化

普通新鲜馒头在-18℃的环境中冷冻24h后，取出进行微波解冻加热实验。利用核磁共振成像（MRI）技术研究冷冻馒头复热过程中水分的迁移变化。馒头在受热过程中水分的损失直接影响馒头的品质。实验比较了冷冻馒头在微波蒸碗不加水和加水两种方式下含水量的变化，发现微波蒸碗加水复热对馒头的水分有一定的补偿效果。     

肉源汤体形成过程中关键成分迁移规律与风味调节的研究进展

营养物质的动态迁移与呈味分子的逸出是汤体形成的重要途径,目前国内外对汤的研究大部分都集中在营养特性及风味成分方面.本文从肉汤形成过程中的关键成分入手,重点阐述肉源汤体形成过程中蛋白质、总糖、脂肪酸、核酸等物质的迁移规律,并在关键成分溶出规律的基础上对汤体形成过程中的风味调节进行概述,最终从组学研究的角度叙述其对肉汤风味...     

微波纸中邻苯二甲酸酯向Tenax的迁移规律及预测

研究微波纸中邻苯二甲酸酯向食品模拟物Tenax（改性聚苯醚）迁移时的变化规律,并分别基于Fick第二定律和Weibull分布理论建立迁移预测模型。与迁移实验值相比,基于包装有限体积-食品有限体积体系和恶劣迁移条件下建立的Fick迁移模型,其预测值往往略高于实验值,其预测效果可用于评估食品安全并提供更高的安全阈值。基于实验经验建立的Weibull迁移模型,其迁移预测曲线能有效地描述真实地迁移过程。     

纳米技术在风味物质食品加工中的应用与发展

纳米技术是现代科技发展出的基础科学技术,在食品、生物、化学等各个领域应用广泛。该技术对食品风味物质加工起着重要的作用,并且已经融入我们的日常生活中。文章通过介绍纳米技术,对比不同纳米结构在食品加工中的优缺点以及实例,综述了纳米囊化技术、纳米保鲜技术、纳米包装、纳米食品传感器应用在风味物质加工中的影响,并对该技术在风味物质食品加工方面进行展望,为今后在食品领域的深入研究和拓展调味品生产中提供有利力依据。     

固相微萃取技术在食品风味分析中的应用

食品的风味是食品的典型特征之一,能够反映食品的质量与品质。进行风味分析需采用合适的分离分析技术,而提取方法极大地影响了分析结果的可靠性和准确性。固相微萃取(SPME)是一种无溶剂萃取技术,它集采样、萃取、浓缩、进样于一体,具有简单、快速、高效、无污染、便携、易于与其他仪器联用等优点,已被广泛应用于食品风味分析。本文综述了SPME技术在肉品、乳品、酒类、果蔬等食品风味分析上有代表性的应用研究,总结了食品风味分析所采用的萃取涂层和SPME与其他样品前处理技术的对比情况,重点分析了为提高SPME方法选择性、准确性和灵敏度所采取的措施,如衍生化SPME技术、萃取条件的优化方法、与多维色谱和电子鼻等分析仪器联用技术及SPME定量分析方法,并对SPME在食品风味分析上的发展趋势进行了探讨。     

纳米技术在风味物质食品加工中的应用与发展

纳米技术是现代科技发展出的基础科学技术,在食品、生物、化学等各个领域应用广泛。该技术对食品风味物质加工起着重要的作用,并且已经融入我们的日常生活中。文章通过介绍纳米技术,对比不同纳米结构在食品加工中的优缺点以及实例,综述了纳米囊化技术、纳米保鲜技术、纳米包装、纳米食品传感器应用在风味物质加工中的影响,并对该技术在风味物质食品加工方面进行展望,为今后在食品领域的深入研究和拓展调味品生产中提供有利力依据。     

微波处理对萌动亚麻籽酚类化合物油相迁移的影响

强化亚麻籽中主要酚类化合物内源性合成和油相迁移对提升亚麻籽油氧化稳定性,最大限度地增加α-亚麻酸生物利用率尤为重要。探究了适度萌动(25℃,24h)联合微波处理(700W,1~5min)对压榨亚麻籽油得率和色泽、脂质构型和结晶熔融性、抗氧化活性和氧化稳定性的影响,并研究了亚麻籽中木酚素和游离酚酸的释放及油相迁移规律。结果表明:单一萌动处理(24h)后亚麻籽油得率降低了7.39%(P<0.05),而进一步微波处理后油脂得率增加了29.31%(P<0.05),这主要归因于微波处理破坏了亚麻籽中油脂体膜结构完整性,导致膜内中性脂质外溢、融合和胞外渗透。微波处理1~5min过程中,亚麻籽油中以LnLnLn构型存在的C18∶3ω3质量分数呈现明显升高趋势,同时总磷脂质量摩尔浓度以及磷脂酰乙醇胺、磷脂酰甘油、磷脂酰肌醇占比显著增加(P<0.05),但未明显影响油脂的结晶行为和熔融特性。与未处理组相比,微波处理5min降低了初级和次级氧化产物水平,显著改善了亚麻籽油的氧化稳定性和抗氧化活性(P<0.05),这主要归因于木酚素大分子及其解聚产物开环异落叶松树脂酚二葡萄糖苷,以及游离酚酸香兰素、香草酸和阿魏酸的油相富集。研究阐释了萌动联合微波预处理对亚麻籽油品质特性的影响,旨在为亚麻籽油提质制取和亚麻籽高值化利用提供理论依据。     

微波技术在粮食食品行业应用

该文阐述微波技术干燥、杀菌原理、特点及其在粮食食品行业中应用。     

Interactions of Milk Proteins and Volatile Flavor Compounds: Implications in the Development of Protein Foods

ABSTRACT:  This review encompasses the binding of volatile flavor compounds by milk proteins in aqueous solutions. The presence of proteins in a food matrix can result in a decrease in aroma perception and in an unpleasant aroma profile, because of binding of the desirable flavor compounds to proteins. Hence, various analytical methods used to measure the extent and the type of binding, and the determination of the binding parameters, are evaluated in this review. The binding of various flavor compounds by individual milk proteins is discussed and compared in terms of their binding affinity for flavor compounds. Furthermore, the influence of temperature and ultra-high pressures on the interactions between proteins and flavors is considered in detail. The implications of protein–flavor binding in the development of protein foods are discussed.