牛蒡提取物对刀豆蛋白A诱导肝损伤小鼠的保护作用

目的:研究牛蒡提取物对刀豆蛋白A(Con A)诱导肝损伤小鼠的保护作用并探讨其可能的作用机制.方法:小鼠尾静脉注射Con A建立肝损伤模型.计算小鼠肝脏、脾脏和胸腺指数,测定血清中谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和谷草转氨酶(AST)和肝组织中肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)和一氧化氮(NO)的含量.观察肝组织病理学变化.结果:牛蒡皮乙醇提取物(PA)显著改善肝损伤小鼠的肝脏和胸腺指数(p＜0.05);降低血清中ALT、AST活性和肝组织匀浆中TNF-α、NO的含量(p＜0.01);肝脏病变明显减轻.去皮牛蒡根水提物(MA)未表现出护肝作用.结论:牛蒡皮乙醇提取物(PA)对Con A诱导肝损伤小鼠具有保护作用,其作用机制可能与抑制T淋巴细胞的活化和相关炎症因子的释放相关.     

菊花和三七对乙醇氧化损伤小鼠的保护作用

目的 探究菊花提取物和三七提取物对乙醇氧化损伤小鼠的作用。方法 实验小鼠被随机分组,分别是空白对照组、模型对照组、低、中、高菊花提取物组,低、中、高三七提取物组。对小鼠进行灌胃,连续30d后,除空白对照组的小鼠,其他各组小鼠一次性灌胃体重质量1.2%的乙醇溶液(浓度为50%),建立乙醇氧化损伤小鼠模型。检测各组小鼠肝脏和脑组织细胞中的抗氧化物质(超氧化物歧化酶,SOD)、自由基氧化还原反应参与物质包括谷胱甘肽(GSH)及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px),同时测定血清中的肝损伤检测指标,其中包括了丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)以及蛋白质羰基(PC)的水平,研究菊花和三七的体内抗氧化活性。通过观察小鼠皮肤和肝组织的病理变化,研究菊花提取物和三七提取物对乙醇氧化损伤小鼠的作用。结果 由机体抗氧化的指标可见,三七提取物和菊花提取物能够有效降低小鼠肝脏及脑组织中的MDA、PC含量以及ALT、AST、TC和TG在血清中的水平,提高肝脏和脑组织中SOD、GSH-Px和GSH的含量。小鼠皮肤HE染色结果表明,与模型组相比,各剂量组小鼠皮肤因乙醇氧化损伤所致组织病理改变均有所减轻。小鼠肝组织HE染色结果表明,乙醇氧化后的小鼠分别通过菊花提取物、三七提取物处理后,其肝组织的组织病理改变与模型组相比有所减轻急性毒性实验显示,菊花提取物、三七提取物对小鼠没有毒害作用。结论 菊花提取物和三七的提取物对小鼠乙醇氧化损伤模型有保护作用。     

雪菊乙醇提取物对丙烯酰胺所致肝损伤的保护作用

该研究探讨雪菊乙醇提取物对ACR所致人肝癌HepG2细胞损伤及小鼠肝损伤的保护作用。以细胞存活率评价雪菊乙醇提取物对HepG2细胞损伤的保护作用,以小鼠体重变化、肝功能和肝脏病理切片结果评价雪菊乙醇提取物对小鼠肝损伤的保护作用,并测定氧化指标探讨保护作用机制。结果显示,雪菊乙醇提取物（2.00 mg/mL）预孵育可使ACR致毒的HepG2细胞存活率增加12.81%,细胞内活性氧（ROS）和丙二醛（MDA）分别降低了57.67%、4.68 nmol/mg,超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活性分别提高了4.68、10.48、13.81 U/mg。雪菊乙醇提取物低（0.25 g/kg）、中（0.5 g/kg）、高剂量（1.0 g/kg）组小鼠体重增长率是ACR组的2.2~2.5倍。高剂量组小鼠血清谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、谷草转氨酶（AST）分别降低了27.76、46.79 U/L,MDA降低了1.86 nmol/mg,SOD、GSH-Px分别提高了56.73、330.44 U/mg;肝组织HE染色结果显示,雪菊乙醇提取物可改善肝小叶结构和肝细胞形态,减轻小鼠肝组织损伤。综上所述,雪菊乙醇提取物能够阻止ACR对HepG2细胞和小鼠肝组织的损伤,其作用机制与抗氧化能力有关。     

牛蒡提取物对刀豆蛋白A诱导肝损伤小鼠的保护作用

目的:研究牛蒡提取物对刀豆蛋白A（ConA）诱导肝损伤小鼠的保护作用并探讨其可能的作用机制。方法:小鼠尾静脉注射ConA建立肝损伤模型。计算小鼠肝脏、脾脏和胸腺指数,测定血清中谷丙转氨酶（ALT）和谷草转氨酶（AST）和肝组织中肿瘤坏死因子（TNF-α）和一氧化氮（NO）的含量。观察肝组织病理学变化。结果:牛蒡皮乙醇提取物（PA）显著改善肝损伤小鼠的肝脏和胸腺指数（p<0.05）;降低血清中ALT、AST活性和肝组织匀浆中TNF-α、NO的含量（p<0.01）;肝脏病变明显减轻。去皮牛蒡根水提物（MA）未表现出护肝作用。结论:牛蒡皮乙醇提取物（PA）对ConA诱导肝损伤小鼠具有保护作用,其作用机制可能与抑制T淋巴细胞的活化和相关炎症因子的释放相关。      

美味猕猴桃根各部提取物降酶保肝作用的研究

目的:观察美味猕猴桃根不同极性溶剂的提取物对四氯化碳(CCl4)肝损伤小鼠血浆转氨酶活性的影响。方法:用CCl4建立小鼠急性肝损伤模型,以不同的提取物和阳性对照药甘草酸二铵灌胃治疗,测定小鼠血浆中丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)活性。结果:各部位的提取物对小鼠四氯化碳(CCl4)肝损伤均有不同程度的保护作用,作用比较明显的是乙醇粗提物经乙酸乙酯萃取后,萃余物在大孔树脂柱上用60%～90%乙醇洗脱得到的提取物(A部位)(P<0.01)。结论:部位A对肝脏损伤有保护作用。     

苦菊提取物的抗氧化活性研究

目的 研究苦菊提取物的体外抗氧化作用.方法 苦菊经95%乙醇加热回流、石油醚脱脂、乙酸乙酯提取和大孔吸附树脂乙醇洗脱,取60%乙醇的洗脱液挥干后得到提取物.通过二苯代苦味酰自由基(DPPH·)和超氧阴离子(O2·)清除能力的检测,及2,2'-偶氮-双-(2-脒基丙烷)氯化二氢(AAPH)诱导的红细胞溶血模型的测试,总体评价该提取物的体外抗氧化活性.结果 该提取物能有效清除DPPH·和O2·,其清除能力呈浓度依赖性,且清除O2·的能力比阳性对照药维生素C更佳.同时,该提取物能有效防止AAPH诱导的兔红细胞溶血,提示具有预防机体细胞组织氧化应激损伤的作用.结论 苦菊提取物具有很好的抗氧化活性,为其在食品和药品的抗氧化剂应用提供参考.     

金银花提取物对小鼠化学性肝损伤的保护作用初步研究

通过观察金银花提取物或其与枳椇子、青果提取物配伍灌胃小鼠30d后,对乙醇所致不同组别化学性肝损伤小鼠的血清和肝脏中谷胱甘肽(GSH)、丙二醛(MDA)、甘油三酯(TG)含量的影响,研究了金银花对小鼠化学性肝损伤的保护作用。研究发现两种配方均能降低乙醇引起的小鼠体内GSH、MDA、TG含量的升高,表明金银花提取物及其配方对小鼠化学性肝损伤具有一定保护作用,在开发对化学性肝损伤的有保护作用的保健品的方面具有一定的参考价值。     

苦菊提取物的抗氧化活性研究

目的研究苦菊提取物的体外抗氧化作用。方法苦菊经95%乙醇加热回流、石油醚脱脂、乙酸乙酯提取和大孔吸附树脂乙醇洗脱,取60%乙醇的洗脱液挥干后得到提取物。通过二苯代苦味酰自由基(DPPH·)和超氧阴离子(O2-)清除能力的检测,及2,2’-偶氮-双-(2-脒基丙烷)氯化二氢(AAPH)诱导的红细胞溶血模型的测试,总体评价该提取物的体外抗氧化活性。结果该提取物能有效清除DPPH·和O2-·,其清除能力呈浓度依赖性,且清除O2-·的能力比阳性对照药维生素C更佳。同时,该提取物能有效防止AAPH诱导的兔红细胞溶血,提示具有预防机体细胞组织氧化应激损伤的作用。结论苦菊提取物具有很好的抗氧化活性,为其在食品和药品的抗氧化剂应用提供参考。     

俄色叶提取物对小鼠急性酒精性肝损伤的保护作用

目的:研究俄色叶提取物对小鼠酒精性肝损伤的保护作用。方法:采用体积分数为50%的乙醇一次性灌胃造成小鼠急性肝损伤,检测各组小鼠血清中谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、谷草转氨酶（AST）、甘油三酯（TG）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL-C）的水平,及肝组织匀浆中丙二醛（MDA）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）水平的变化,同时HE染色观察肝脏组织学改变。结果:俄色叶提取物能不同程度地降低小鼠血清中ALT、AST、TG、LDL-C水平,减少肝匀浆MDA含量,升高肝匀浆SOD、GSH-Px的活性。病理切片显示各给药组小鼠肝组织损伤均有不同程度的减轻。结论:俄色叶提取物对小鼠急性酒精性肝损伤有一定的保护作用。      

玉米肽对小鼠酒精性肝损伤的保护机制研究

为了研究玉米肽对酒精性肝损伤的作用机制,本研究以无水乙醇制造急性酒精性肝损伤模型,观察玉米肽对小鼠酒精性肝损伤的保护作用。结果表明:玉米肽能显著降低酒精性肝损伤模型小鼠血清AKP、ALT、AST的活性以及胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)的含量;降低肝组织MDA的含量,显著提高肝脏GSH的含量和抗氧化酶SOD、GST、CAT的活性,改善肝组织损伤程度。由此可知,玉米肽可显著降低乙醇对肝脏的损伤,对酒精性肝损伤有明显的保护作用。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press