混合电解质NaBr+NaAc十H_2O体系的活度系数的测定

用电势法测定了298.15K以及I为0.1、0.5、1.0、1.5、2.0、2.5和3.0 mol/kg时,NaBr在混合电解质溶液NaBr+NaAc+H_2O中的活度系数.实验结果用Harned、SRJ和Pitzer方程拟合,得到各种方程的相互作用参数,由拟合的标准偏差得知,Pitzer方程的拟合精度略好于前2个方程.用Pitzer混合参数θ_(Br-Ac)和ψ_(Br-Na-Ac)计算了NaAc在该混合体系中的活度系数和体系的过量Gibbs自由能.     

电解质溶液活度系数的计算方法

本文详细讨论了电解质活度系数的计算方法。     

连续滴加法快速测定混合溶剂中电解质的活度系数

改变通常的逐点称重配制溶液方法,用连续滴加的方法借助离子选择电极建立了混合溶剂中电解质较高浓度下活度系数的快速测定方法和装置。用以下电池: H~+玻璃电极|HCl(m),H_2O(1-x),MeOH(x)|AgCl-Ag电极测定了298.15K、溶剂比x=0,10,20,30,50,70,90％MeOH(wt)时的电动势,并用Pitzer方程关联出HCl的活度系数,同298.15K下的活度系数不同来源的文献值比较,表明本文测定方法和装置是可靠的,都能得到与之相一致的结果。     

用ISE法快速测定混合电解质溶液的活度系数

对ＮａＣｌ－ＫＣｌ－Ｈ２Ｏ溶液利用离子选择性电极（ＩＳＥ）的连续滴加法，快速测定出响应ＮａＣｌ的电动势，获得与用文献报道的活度系数计算出的电动势相一致的结果。由此电动势出发可以关联得到混合电解质溶液活度系数的Ｐｉｔｚｅｒ方程的参数，计算ＫＣｌ的活度系数同陆小华－Ｍａｕｒｅｒ提出的电解质溶液模型的预测结果也完全一致，表明本文方法可用于混合电解质溶液活度系数的快速测定。     

离子选择性电极测定混合电解质溶液中离子活度系数

应用离子选择性电极法测定混合电解质溶液中离子活度系数,由实验结果对该方法的可行性和混合电解质水溶液活度系数随温度和浓度的变化关系进行了讨论,并对单一电解质溶液和混合电解质溶液中离子的活度系数进行了对比分析。结果表明,该方法快速、简便、灵活、成本低,是测定混合电解质溶液离子活度系数的有效方法。     

电解质活度系数与溶剂化数

采用扩展的Debye-H(?)ckel方程来表示溶剂化离子的活度系数,并应用数学处理消去渗透系数(?),从而建立了一个只与溶剂化数h有关的单参数活度系数公式.经对48个体系的处理,表明本文所建立的单参数活度系数公式具有良好的适用性.     

从混合溶剂中电解质活度系数推算汽液平衡

建立了由混合溶剂中电解质活度系数推算汽液平衡的数值计算方法。在电解质活度系数测定的盐浓度范围内,NaBr(1)-H_2O(2)-MeOH(3)和HCI(1)-H_2O(2)-MeOH(3)两体系在101.3kPa下的汽液平衡计算结果与文献值平均绝对偏差分别为:汽相摩尔分率|Dy_3|=0.025,平衡温度DT=0.40K和Dy_3=0.020,DT=0.76K,对前一体系还能正确地推测出交叉的盐效应规律。     

电解质活度系数与溶剂化数

采用扩展的Debye-H(?)ckel方程来表示溶剂化离子的活度系数,并应用数学处理消去渗透系数(?),从而建立了一个只与溶剂化数h有关的单参数活度系数公式.经对48个体系的处理,表明本文所建立的单参数活度系数公式具有良好的适用性.     

由二元亚系的数据预测混合电解质水溶液的活度系数

The simple equation relating the activity coefficient of each solute in mixed electrolyte solution to its value in binary solutions under isopiestic equilibrium was tested by comparison with the experimental data for the 18 electrolyte solutions consisting of 1：1, 1：2, and 1：3 electrolytes. The isopiestic measurements were made on the quaternary system BaCl2-NH4Br-NaI-H2O and its ternary subsystems NaI-NH4Br-H2O, NaI-BaCl2-H2O, and NH4Br-BaCl2-H2O at 298.15K. The results were used to test the applicability of the Zdanovskii＇s rule to the mixed electrolyte solutions which contain no common ions, and the agreement is excellent. The activity coefficients of the solutes in the above quaternary and ternary systems calculated from the above-mentioned simple equation are in good agreement with the Pitzer＇s equation.     

TERNARY NaCl+LiCl+H2O MIXED ELECTROLYTE SYSTEM: DETERMINATION OF ACTIVITY COEFFICIENTS BASED ON POTENTIOMETRIC METHOD

The mean activity coefficients for NaCl in a ternary electrolyte system were determined by the potentiometric method, at 25°C, using a solvent polymeric (PVC) sodium-selective membrane electrode (Na⁺ ISE), containing N,N′-dibenzyl-N,N′-diphenyl-1,2-phenylenedioxydiacetamide as ionophore, and combined with an Ag/AgCl electrode. The potentiometric measurements were performed at the same ionic strengths in different series of mixed salt solutions, each characterized by a fixed salt molal ratio r (where r = m₁/m₂ = 1, 10, 50, 100). The nonideal behavior of the ternary NaCl(m₁) + LiCl(m₂) + H₂O electrolyte system was described based on the Pitzer ion-interaction model for mixed salts over the ionic strength ranging from 0.01 up to about 4 mol/kg. Two- and three-particle Pitzer interaction parameters for a mixed electrolyte system were determined based on potentiometric data, and the critical role of potentiometric selectivity coefficient (K ₁₂) of ISE as limiting factor in the potentiometric measurements was analyzed.     

TERNARY NaCl+LiCl+H2O MIXED ELECTROLYTE SYSTEM: DETERMINATION OF ACTIVITY COEFFICIENTS BASED ON POTENTIOMETRIC METHOD

The mean activity coefficients for NaCl in a ternary electrolyte system were determined by the potentiometric method, at 25°C, using a solvent polymeric (PVC) sodium-selective membrane electrode (Na⁺ ISE), containing N,N'-dibenzyl-N,N'-diphenyl-1,2-phenylenedioxydiacetamide as ionophore, and combined with an Ag/AgCl electrode. The potentiometric measurements were performed at the same ionic strengths in different series of mixed salt solutions, each characterized by a fixed salt molal ratio r (where r = m₁/m₂ = 1, 10, 50, 100). The nonideal behavior of the ternary NaCl(m₁) + LiCl(m₂) + H₂O electrolyte system was described based on the Pitzer ion-interaction model for mixed salts over the ionic strength ranging from 0.01 up to about 4 mol/kg. Two- and three-particle Pitzer interaction parameters for a mixed electrolyte system were determined based on potentiometric data, and the critical role of potentiometric selectivity coefficient (K₁₂) of ISE as limiting factor in the potentiometric measurements was analyzed.     

用微扰理论状态方程计算电解质水溶液的活度系数

近年来,电解质溶液理论的研究日益活跃^[1]。因为理论模型能反映微观粒子参数与溶液结构和性质间的关系,参数物理意义明确,预测功能强。电解质溶液的原始模型中,忽略了离子－溶剂和溶剂－溶剂相互作用,而只考虑在溶剂平均场中离子之间的相互作用。这类模型不能反映溶液的本质和溶质－溶剂间的真实相互作用,因此很难推广到混合溶剂电解质溶液。用微扰理论研究电解质溶液的状态方程已经取得很大进展^[2]。硬球离子流体^[3]和离子－偶极^[4]模型流体的微扰理论处理结果已经成功地用于构筑实际电解质溶液的状态方程^[5]。作者采用微扰理论研究了电解质溶液的密度性质^[6],本文将进一步研究活度系数的计算问题。     

PREDICTION OF ACTIVITY COEFFICIENTS IN AQUEOUS MIXED ELECTROLYTES BY McKAY-PERRING EQUATION

An alternate method to use the McKay-Perring equation for estimating the activity coefficients in aqueous mixed electrolyte solutions is suggested. The predicted activity coefficients are in good agreement with the experimental ones.     

氯化锂在乙醇(异丙醇)-水混合溶剂中的溶解热

使用 RD- 型量热计 -微机数据处理系统测量了 2 98.15 K下 L i Cl在不同组成 C2 H5 OH - H2 O、(CH3) 2 CHOH- H2 O混合溶剂中的溶解热。利用 Debye- Hückel第二极限公式计算了一定醇摩尔分率下的标准溶解热 ΔH∞s 。用 Pitzer(1980 )模型进行了关联。用 Desnoyers提出的公式计算盐在水 -醇中的焓离子对相互作用参数 h1 2     

竹红菌素在DMF－H_2O混合体系中的电化学研究

本文研究了竹红菌素ＨＡ，ＨＢ以及１３－ＳＯ_３Ｎａ－ＤＤＨＡ在ＤＭＦ－Ｈ_２Ｏ（体积分数＝１）混合体系中的电化学氧化还原性质。结果表明，它们都为两步单电子还原过程，反应机理为：油溶性．水溶性１３－ＳＯ３Ｎａ－ＤＤＨＡ：（第一步）（质子化）；（第二步）．并且，ＨＡ，ＨＢ的单电子还原半醒自由基非常稳定，而１３－ＳＯ_３Ｎａ－ＤＤＨＡ单电子还原半醌自由基存在歧化反应，其速率常数ｋ_ｆ＝０．４０８。