季铵萃取分离钴、镍的生产性实验

在萃取分离钴、镍的基础上,根据串级模拟计算结果合理安排工艺流程,进行了与生产规模相当的生产性实验. 结果表明季铵氯化物萃取分离钴、镍的工艺可行, 稳定可靠, 经济合理. 对氯离子浓度较低的料液, 季铵比叔胺更优越, 特别适合从高镍低钴的低浓度氯化物介质中萃取分离钴、镍.     

2-乙基己基膦酸单(2-乙基已基)酯萃取钴的动力学

引言膦类萃取剂萃取分离钴、镍已应用于工业生产，并在湿法冶金和其它领域得到广泛应用．对膦类萃取剂萃取钴的动力学已有多方面研究~〔1～6〕，但2-乙基已基磷酸单（2-乙基己基)酯（简称P_507,HEHEHP，H_2A_2）萃取钴的动力学研究报道较少~〔4,6〕，尤其缺乏不同水相介质对HEHEHP萃取钴的萃取速度的影响及其机制的探讨．本文在恒定界面池内，研究了HEHEHP-加氢煤油-NaNO_3体系萃取钴的动力学，主要在动力学坪区考察了萃取体系中各种因素和不同水相介质对萃取速度的影响，并对其机理进行探讨．l　实验部分1.1　仪器和试剂恒定界面…     

含氮杂环化合物与有机酸协同体系在镍、钴萃取分离中的应用

近年来开发了多种含氮杂环化合物与有机酸类萃取剂的协同体系,明显提高了镍、钴的萃取性能,同时增强了对杂质元素的分离效果,具有较大的实际应用价值。本工作综述了一些具有代表性的含氮杂环化合物与有机酸类萃取剂组成的协同萃取体系,探讨了萃取体系对镍、钴的协同萃取效果及与常见杂质元素的分离,并讨论了协同萃取体系潜在的工业应用。协同体系对镍、钴的萃取及对杂质元素的分离主要是由酸性萃取剂本身性质和含氮杂环协萃剂的影响共同决定,有机磺酸、羧酸、膦酸等萃取剂与含氮杂环化合物组成的协同萃取体系在萃取镍、钴的过程中对金属杂质元素分离的选择性不同,在镍、钴的提取及生产过程中也展现出不同的应用价值。     

从废高温合金中回收镍钴的工艺

采用热酸浸溶-置换沉铜-针铁矿法除铁铬-N235萃取工艺处理高温合金废料,成功地回收了其中的钴、镍,提纯后得到氯化镍和氯化钴溶液,溶液可根据需要进一步加工成不同的镍、钴制品,钴回收率91.8%,镍回收率97.2%.     

2-乙基己基磷酸单脂萃取分离钴镍镁试验研究

对Ｐ５０７（２－乙基己基磷酸单脂）萃取分离钴镍镁进行试验研究和Ｐ５０７分离钴镍镁效果很好。钴的直接收率达８１％,回收率达９９％,而且萃取过程无污染,其效果优于使用Ｐ２０４和氟化铵。     

P_(5709)萃取钴的宏观动力学研究

本文采用恒界面池(通称为Lewis池)研究了P_5709萃取钴的动力学过程.通过改变搅拌强度,两相接触表面积和操作温度判定P_(5709)萃取钴的过程为扩散控制.另外通过改变水相料液中的初始钴浓度或加进常量镍研究了钴在萃取过程中萃取传质系数的变化;实验及计算结果表明,在萃取过程中总传质系数K(K_ω或K_o)不是常数.文中对其变化规律及产生变化的原因进行了初步的探讨.     

炼油加氢废催化剂中金属分离回收工艺研究

基于"湿法冶金"工艺,对从炼油加氢废催化剂中回收钒、钼、钴和镍的清洁生产工艺进行了研究。采用一次性湿法浸取废催化剂中的有价金属。选用P507同时从酸浸液中萃取钒和钼,然后分别反萃出钒和钼;用15%的硫化钠使钴、镍沉淀后与铝分离;沉淀用盐酸溶解,采用N235萃取分离钴、镍。用水作反萃取剂,经过两次萃取后,钴反萃率达到99.6%。各种有价金属回收率可达90%以上。     

肟类萃取剂N_(530)在钴镍的氨性氯化物溶液中萃取性能的研究

一、前言N530系国产肟类萃取剂,在用于萃取提铜方面已进行了一些研究,但用于分离钴、镍的工作还很少报导。从国外文献中可以看到肟类萃取剂如 Lix 64、Lix64N 等用于分离钴、镍也是可行的     

P507分离钴镍的研究进展

钴、镍是非常重要的战略金属资源，目前工业上主要采用溶剂萃取法进行分离回收。P507因具有分离系数高、毒性低、化学稳定性好等优点而成为分离钴、镍的主要萃取剂之一。本文首先综述了有机相中P507的体积分数、皂化度、水相的pH值、萃取反应时间等关键因素对钴、镍分离效果的影响；其次，对协萃体系如P507-P204、P507-Cyanex272及P507-P204等进行了深入总结；最后，对P507萃取分离钴、镍的相关研究方向进行了总结和展望。     

萃取在金刚石合成棒电解过程中的应用研究

文章指出了片状触媒合成金刚石传统提纯工艺存在金属锰流失量大、环境污染严重、生产成本高、镍板含量低等问题,简要介绍了萃取和隔膜电解工艺原理,分析了在金刚石提纯过程中加入该工艺的可行性;通过试验,确定了P204萃取锰、以P507萃取钴,并确定了有机相中P204和P507的比例为70%、皂化率为100%、相比为3/1,采用两级萃取等工艺参数.实践证明,这套工艺运用后,锰和钴的回收率达到了99%,镍板的纯度达到了99.7%,经济效益和环境效益十分可观.     

The Extraction and Separation of Ho,Y, and Er(III) with the Mixtures of Cyanex 302 and Another Organic Extractant

Abstract

The extraction and separation of Ho, Y, and Er(III) with the mixtures of bis(2,4,4‐trimetylpentyl)monothiophosphinic acid (Cyanex 302) and another organic extractant, such as acidic organic extractant (di‐2‐ethylhexyl phosphoric acid P204, 2‐ethylhexyl phosphoric acid mono‐2‐ethylhexyl ester P507, di‐2‐ethylhexyl phosphinic acid P229, and sec‐nonylphenoxy acetic acid CA‐100), neutral organic extractant (tri‐n‐butyl phosphate TBP, di‐(1‐metylheptyl)metyl phosphate P350, and branched trialkylphosphinic oxide Cyanex 925) or primary amine N1923, has been investigated in this paper. The extractability and separation ability for the Ho, Y, and Er with the mixtures of Cyanex 302 and organic extractants has been compared. The synergistic effect of the Ho, Y, and Er extraction with the mixtures of Cyanex 302 and P229, Cyanex 925, CA‐100, or N1923 has been explored and the synergistic enhancement coefficients have been calculated. At last, the Y³⁺ synergistic extraction with the mixtures of Cyanex 302 and CA‐100 has been determined and the extracted complex has been deduced.     

Extraction of rare earths using mixtures of sec-octylphenoxy acetic acid and organophosphorus acids

The extraction of rare earths from nitrate medium using three organophosphorus acids, 2-ethylhexyl phosphonic acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester (HEHEHP), di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA), bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) phosphinic acid (Cyanex272), and their mixtures with sec-octylphenoxy acetic acid (CA12) has been studied in detail. The mixtures have different extraction effects on various rare earths. Synergistic extraction effects are only found when light rare earths and yttrium (III) are extracted with mixtures of D2EHPA and CA12. The possibilities of separating the rare earths with these mixtures are investigated according to the extractabilities. It is feasible and advantageous to separate yttrium (III) from the lanthanoids (III) with HEHEHP + CA12 and D2EHPA+CA12 mixtures at proper extractant ratios. The separation of yttrium (III) from heavy rare earths is also possible with mixtures of Cyanex272 and CA12.     

Analysis of the Interaction between Organophosphorus Acid and Tertiary Amine Extractants in the Binary Mixtures by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR)

In the synergistic solvent extraction of rare earth elements by binary mixtures of organophosphorus acid and tertiary amine extractants, the extraction reaction depends on the nature and strength of the interaction between the two extractants in the mixtures. In order to correlate qualitatively the interaction in different mixtures, the FT-IR spectra for organophosphorus acid (D2EHPA, PC88A, and Cyanex 272) and tertiary amine (Alamine 336 and TEHA) extractants and their mixtures have been analyzed. The primary focus was on investigating the changes in the characteristic functional groups of acidic and amine extractants in the binary mixtures as the strength and concentration of these extractants varied. IR spectroscopy of the organics confirmed the interaction in the binary mixtures, and strength of the interaction increased with the increase in the acidity of acidic extractant and the basicity of the amine extractant.     

Kinetics and Mechanism of Yb(III) Extraction and Separation from Y(III) with Mixtures of bis(2,4,4‐trimethylpentyl)phosphinic acid and2‐ethylhexyl phosphonic acid mono‐2‐ethylhexyl ester

Abstract

The ytterbium(III) extraction kinetics and mechanism with mixtures of bis(2,4,4‐trimethylpentyl)phosphinic acid (Cyanex272) and 2‐ethylhexyl phosphonic acid mono‐2‐ethylhexyl ester (P507) dissolved in heptane have been investigated by constant interfacial cell with laminar flow. The effects of the stirring rate, temperature, extractant concentration, and pH on the extraction with mixtures of Cyanex272 and P507 have been studied. The results are compared with those of the system with Cyanex272 or P507 alone. It is concluded that the Yb(III) extraction rate is enhanced with mixtures extractant of Cyanex272 and P507 according to their values of the extraction rate constant, which is due to decreasing the activation energy of the mixtures. Atthe same time, the mixtures exhibits no synergistic effects for Y(III), which provides better possibilities for Yb(III) and Y(III) separations at a proper conditions than anyone alone. Moreover, thermodynamic extraction separation Yb(III) and Y(III) by the mixtures has been discussed, which agrees with kinetics results. Extraction rate equations have also been obtained, and through the approximate solutions of the flux equation, diffusion parameters and thickness of the diffusion film have been calculated.     

THE BEHAVIOUR-STRUCTURE RELATIONS IN THE EXTRACTION OF COBALT(II), NICKEL(II), COPPER(II) AND CALCIUM(II) BY KONOACIDIC ORGANOPHOSPHORUS EXTRACTANTS

The reaction stoichiometrics were studied in the extraction of Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Ca(II) by n-octyl, 1-methylheptyl and 2-ethylhexyl hydrogen styrylphosphonates and di-2-ethylhexylphosphoric acid and 2-ethylhexyl hydrogen 2-ethylhexylphosphonate. The ultraviolet-visible and infrared spectra were recorded for these extractants and their complexes with the above metals. Based on the experimental data, an empirical relationship was established between the structure of the extractants and the extracting behavior: pH_½ = ApKa + Bν_p=0 - c where pKa and ν_p=0 are the acid dissociation constant of the extractants and the characteristic frequency of infrared absorption for the P=0 group, respectively. The values of A, B and C depend on the extracted metals. The analysis of the relationship between the steric effect of substituting groups and extracting power seems to indicate that the steric effect has been implied in the coefficients A, B and C.     

Behavior of a synergistic system in the extraction of Pr(III) from chloride medium using di-2-ethylhexyl phosphoric acid and 2-ethylhexylphosphonic mono-2-ethylhexyl ester

This paper will investigate the synergistic solvent extraction of extracted Pr from a chloride medium, using a mixture of two acidic extractants, namely 2-ethylhexylphosphonic mono-2-ethylhexyl ester (P507, HA) and di-2-ethylhexyl phosphoric acid (P204, HB) in kerosene. The stoichiometry of the extracted species was characterized by a classical lg–lg plot analysis. The composition of the extracted complexes has been determined as Pr(HA₂)(HB₂)₂. Moreover, the differences of the extraction behavior from sulfuric and chloride medium were discussed in detail. The values of equilibrium constant and thermodynamic parameters such as △G, △H, and △S were also calculated. A cation-exchange mechanism was proposed and further clarified by slope analysis and IR spectra.     

P507与N53在煤油体系中对酚类物质萃取效率的比较研究

选用P507(0-(2-乙基已基)-2-乙基已基磷酸酯)和N503(N,N二-(1-甲基庚基)乙酰胺)2种有机萃取剂对酚的质量浓度为4 500 mg/L的废水进行处理.在煤油体系中,考察了油水体积比、pH值、萃取体系相比、萃取温度、萃取时间等因素对P507和N503萃取剂效果的影响.试验结果表明,在pH值为3～3.5,...     

膦(磷)类萃取剂浸渍树脂吸附重稀土的性能

利用静态法研究了5种不同膦(磷)类萃取剂的浸渍树脂在盐酸介质中对重稀土的吸附行为. 结果表明,Cyanex272与膦(磷)类萃取剂组成的双萃取剂的浸渍树脂在同等实验条件下比单一Cyanex272萃取剂的浸渍树脂对重稀土具有更好的吸附性,其中以Cyanex272与P507, Cyanex302, Cyanex923和TBP分别按体积比1:1, 5:1, 1:1, 2:1混合为最优. 吸附最佳pH值在3.0~4.0之间,吸附平衡时间为50 min,升高温度对吸附有利. 在相同实验条件下,5种浸渍干树脂Cyanex272, Cyanex272-P507, Cyanex272-Cyanex302, Cyanex272-Cyanex923, Cyanex272-TBP对重稀土的饱和吸附容量分别为20.04, 25.37, 21.87, 22.16, 38.48 mg/g.     

SOLVENT EXTRACTION OF SILVER BY CYANEX 272, CYANEX 302 AND CYANEX 30

ABSTRACT

The solvent extraction of silver from nitrate media by the extractants Cyanex 272 (bis)2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinic acid), Cyanex 302 ( bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)thiophosphinic acid) and Cyanex 301 ( bis( 2,4,4-trimethyl-pentyl)dithiophosphinic acid) is characterized. Extraction shifts to lower pH with increasing sulfur substitution in the phosphinic acid, in accordance with the increased extractant acidity imparted by the soft nature of the sulfur donor atoms. The effects of extractant concentration, aqueous-phase ionic strength and organic-phase diluent on the extraction behavior are examined. The stoichiometry of the extraction reactions and the geometry of the extracted complexes are postulated based on slope analysis and spectroscopic measurements. All three extractants behave as bidentate ligands and combine in a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio with silver. The sulfur-containing ligands form multi-nuclear oligomeric complexes in which the ligands bridge between metal centers.     

THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON THE SYNERGISTIC EXTRACTION OF THORIUM( IV) AND URANIUM( VI) BY 2-ETHYLHEXYL PHENYLPHOSPHONIC ACID AND MICELLES OF DINONYL NAPHTHALENE SULPHONIC ACID

ABSTRACT

The influence of temperature in the range 15 to 75° C on the extraction of thorium( IV) and uranium( VI) from nitric acid solutions into ligroine solutions of 2-ethylhexyl phenylphosphonic acid ( HEHφ P) micellar dinonyl naphthalene sulphonic acid ( HDNNS) extractants and mixture of the two extractants is reported. From the variation of the distribution ratio with temperature, the enthalpy changes associated with the extraction were determined, and an attempt was made to estimate the free energy and entropy changes associated with the extraction process. The results indicate that the extraction of thorium is favored by both entropy change and enthalpy change when the solvent is HEHφ P and the mixture of HEHOP and HDNNS, but entropy controlled when HDNNS is the extractant. On the other hand, the extraction of uranium by HEHφ P is enthalpy controlled but favored by entropy change when the solvent is HDNNS or a mixture of the two ligands. Temperature did not affect the extraction stoichiometry.