刷式密封泄漏流动特性影响因素的研究

采用基于改进Darcian多孔介质模型的Reynolds-Av-eraged Navier-Stokes方程求解技术,用数值模拟的方法分析了在一定径向间隙条件下压比和刷丝束厚度对刷式密封泄漏流动特性的影响规律。根据发表的刷式密封泄漏量试验数据,确定了刷丝束多孔介质的渗透率系数。利用所确定的刷丝束多孔介质渗透率系数,分别计算了在一定径向间隙条件下7种压比和5种刷丝束厚度时某轴端刷式密封的泄漏量和泄漏流动形态。计算结果表明,压比和刷丝束厚度均影响刷式密封的泄漏量,在一定压比条件下,泄漏量随着刷丝束厚度的增加而减小;在一定刷丝束厚度条件下,泄漏量随着压比的增加而增加。因为刷式密封泄漏量与压比和刷丝束厚度近似成线性变化,所以压比和刷丝束厚度对刷式密封内泄漏流动形态的影响可以忽略。     

刷式密封泄漏流动特性数值模拟

将刷式密封区域视为多孔介质,建立刷式密封CFD数值分析模型;结合FLUENT软件,通过求解Non-Darcian多孔介质模型的能量方程和(RANS)完全雷诺平均方程的方法,对影响刷式密封泄漏流动规律的一些物理量,比如刷式密封栅栏高度、间隙大小、压比和刷丝束宽度等进行了相关模拟研究;推导并验证了文中所应用的多孔介质阻尼系数。结果表明:在相同压比情况下,栅栏高度越低,泄漏量越大。刷式密封泄漏量会伴随压比变化呈线性变化。对于相同的栅栏高度,随着压比的增加,泄漏量均呈直线上升。     

刷式密封泄漏特性数值方法研究与实验验证

从数值方法和实验测试两方面研究刷式密封的泄漏流动特性。分别建立刷式密封稳态多孔介质模型和瞬态三维流固耦合模型,设计搭建了刷式密封泄漏特性实验台,用实验方法研究了进出口压比和密封间隙对刷式密封泄漏特性的影响,对比验证了两种数值方法的准确性,分析比较了两种数值方法的优缺点。在此基础上,用数值方法研究了刷式密封流场特性,分析了刷丝束内部轴向和径向的压力分布特性以及刷丝的"吹闭效应"。研究结果表明:刷式密封瞬态三维流固耦合模型比多孔介质模型求解精度更高,与实验结果更贴近,但求解时间较长;多孔介质模型计算时间短,但该方法需要对孔隙率和阻力系数进行修正,求解不具有普适性;密封间隙一定时,泄漏量随压比的增大而近似呈线性增大;压降主要发生在刷丝束区域,刷丝束轴向压力分布不均,前排刷丝束之间压力梯度较大;径向压力沿轴向分布不均,末排刷丝束径向压力梯度较大,径向压差的存在是产生"吹闭效应"的重要原因。     

后夹板结构对刷式密封泄漏特性和温度分布的影响

采用数值方法求解基于Non-Darcian多孔介质模型的雷诺平均Navier-Stokes(RANS)方程和能量方程,研究了5种后夹板结构对刷式密封泄漏特性和温度分布的影响.结果表明:数值预测得到的刷式密封泄漏量与实验值吻合良好,验证了数值方法的有效性;在后夹板上设置开槽对泄漏量的减小没有益处,其中与下游腔室相连的开槽会导致泄漏量大幅增大;5种后夹板结构刷式密封的最高温度均发生在刷丝与转子的接触面上,后夹板开槽结构对刷丝束尖端温度的降低并未起到作用.     

考虑摩擦热效应的刷式密封性能仿真研究

建立包含转子的刷式密封三维理想切片模型,通过商用ANSYS系列软件计算了不同工况条件下刷式密封与转子的温度场分布情况,在热分析基础上进行了刷式密封热-结构耦合分析.结果 表明:随着上下游压差增大,刷式密封泄漏量逐渐增大,刷式密封泄漏量随着转子转速的增加呈微弱的下降趋势;在工作开始阶段的温升过程中,刷式密封的最高温度随着...     

径向间隙对刷式密封泄漏特性影响的数值分析

采用计算流体力学方法和多孔介质模型对5种径向间隙布置的刷式密封的泄漏流动特性进行了数值模拟.结果表明：相对于接触式零间隙密封,径向间隙为0.1 mm时的泄漏流量增加了1个数量级,且压比越大,泄漏流量的增幅越大.当间隙增加到0.3-0.4 mm时,从径向间隙通道直接流出的流体达到总泄漏流量的75%-85%.在各种间隙条件下,近背板截面刷丝自由端附近的径向压力梯度达到最大值,促使刷丝区域内的流体沿径向加速流向转子表面并从径向间隙通道流出.     

流体静压型指尖密封数值仿真分析

在分析接触型指尖密封和流体动压型指尖密封优缺点的基础上,提出了流体静压型指尖密封,并以此为研究对象,建立了流体静压型指尖密封流固耦合分析的数学模型和计算方法。针对流体静压型指尖密封泄漏和变形的主要影响因素,进行了数值计算和分析,计算结果表明:流体静压型指尖密封具有小变形和低泄漏的优点;密封间隙是影响泄漏的主要因素,并且沿周向泄漏是主要泄漏通道,间隙越小,沿周向泄漏越明显;压差一定时,间隙越小,静压靴的变形和应力越大,间隙一定时,压差越大,静压靴的变形和应力也越大。     

基于流固耦合方法的刷式密封刷丝变形及接触力特性的数值研究

采用基于非线性Darcian多孔介质模型的三维Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS)方程耦合Finite Element Method(FEM)接触模型的数值方法,建立了考虑了泄漏流体气动力、刷丝间摩擦力和刷丝与前后夹板间的相互作用的刷式密封刷丝变形及接触力特性的预测模型。对比分析了单级和两级刷式密封的刷丝变形量及其与转子面的法向接触力和摩擦力随压比的变化特性,探究了刷丝直径、刷丝倾斜角和干涉量对刷丝与转子表面接触力的影响规律。结果表明:压比由1.1变化到4.0时,单级和两级刷式密封的刷丝变形量、刷丝与转子面的法向接触力和摩擦力均随压比的增大而增大;在相同压比条件下,两级刷式密封上游级和下游级刷丝与转子面的法向接触力较单级刷式密封分别可降低55%和32%;刷丝与转子面的法向接触力和摩擦力随刷丝直径、刷丝倾斜角和刷丝束与转子面干涉量的增大而增大。当刷丝直径小于0.08 mm,干涉量小于0.1 mm,刷丝倾斜角在30°～45°之间时,可有效降低刷丝与转子间的法向接触力和摩擦力。     

基于FLUENT的某型燃气轮机迷宫密封机理研究

针对影响透平机械中旋转迷宫密封泄漏特性的3个因素:密封间隙、压比、转速,以某型燃气轮机的隔板迷宫密封为研究对象,数值研究了各个因素对迷宫密封泄漏特性的影响规律,计算分析了该迷宫密封在不同工况下的泄漏特性。研究结果表明:随着转子转速的增加,迷宫密封泄漏量减小;相同密封间隙下,泄漏系数随着压比的提高而近似线性增加;相同转速下,泄漏量随着密封间隙的减小而减小,且泄漏量减小的速度越来越慢。     

刷式汽封内部流动及泄漏特性的数值研究

采用数值求解三维Navier-Stokes方程技术,研究了不同因素(如背板高度、径向间隙等)对刷式汽封内部流动特性的影响。提出了改进的刷式汽封模型,数值分析了5种刷式汽封模型压力分布、速度场及泄漏量情况。结果表明:随着背板高度的增加,3种不同进口压力下的泄漏量都随之增加;蒸汽泄漏量随着刷束厚度的增加反而降低;蒸汽泄漏量与径向间隙成正比例关系。模型5较其它4种刷式汽封模型背板径向压力低,但刷束区蒸汽流速大,泄漏量明显高于其它刷式汽封。     

汽轮机刷式汽封流场数值计算

根据刷式汽封的有效厚度模型,对刷丝中蒸汽的流动进行数值计算,得出了刷丝流场的压力场、温度场、速度矢量场及泄漏量。计算表明,刷毛直径、刷毛密度以及刷毛的排布方式对刷式汽封的性能影响显著。     

Enhancing heat transfer in the core flow by using porous medium insert in a tube

According to the concept of heat transfer enhancement in the core flow, porous media with a slightly smaller diameter to a tube are developed and inserted in the core of the tube under the constant and uniform heat flux condition. The flow resistance and heat transfer characteristics of the air flow for laminar to fully turbulent ranges of Reynolds numbers are investigated experimentally and numerically. There are three different porous media used in the experiments with porosity of 0.951, 0.966 and 0.975, respectively. The effect of porous radius ratio on the heat transfer performance is studied in numerical simulation. Both numerical and experimental results show that the convective heat transfer is considerably enhanced by the porous inserts of an approximate diameter with the tube and the corresponding flow resistance increases in a reasonable extent especially in laminar flow. It shows that the core flow enhancement is an efficacious method for enhancing heat transfer.     

高速齿轮箱迷宫密封流场和泄漏特性的数值研究

以某型大功率机车传动齿轮箱轴端迷宫密封为研究对象,建立错齿式迷宫密封的数值仿真模型。通过分析迷宫密封的密封机理和对泄漏量的影响因素,确定了数值模拟的边界条件。应用Fluent软件,求解N-5方程和能量方程,模拟迷宫密封腔内流场分布及泄漏特性,研究转速、压比和密封齿隙对泄漏特性的影响规律。研究结果表明：随着进出口压比的增加,泄漏系数先快速增加后趋于平缓;转速对泄漏系数影响很小;泄漏系数与齿隙呈分段线性关系。     

Optimal porosity distribution of fibrous insulation

The porosity of fibrous materials is an important factor to their insulating performance. This paper considers the optimal porosity distribution of non-uniform fibrous porous medias for thermal insulation. Heat flow through the fibrous porous media is described by a coupled conduction–radiation heat transfer model which is numerically solved by using Finite Volume Method, and the optimal porosity distribution corresponding to the minimum total heat transfer is derived by applying a BFGS quasi-Newton optimization procedure. Variable analysis shows that the optimal porosity distribution is typically piecewise in conductive heat transfer dominated porous medium. For practical reasons, the change of porosity distribution across the thickness of the fibrous porous media may need to be continuous. To derive such a continuous optimal porosity distribution, a small penalty item should be introduced into the objective function. The study shows that, a continuous optimal porosity distribution generally has relatively high porosity at both boundaries and relatively low porosity in the centre region. The optimal distribution depends on many factors such as fibre radius, fibre emissivity, temperature difference, and overall mean porosity.     

Crosswise stream of hydrogen-oxide (H2O) through a porous media containing copper nanoparticles

Transport theories in porous media are quite operative to analyse heat transferral phenomenon in biological tissues, reducing bio convective flow instabilities by means of porous media and many more. Inspired by these remarkable features, the present study is conducted to analyse heat transfer phenomenon for obliquely striking nanofluid through a porous media. Copper (Cu) nanoparticles are suspended in traditional Hydrogen Oxide based fluid. Scaling group of transformations is conveniently employed to reduce governing transport equations and is tackled numerically afterwards. Influence of nanoparticles volume fraction, stretching ratio and porosity parameter on physical measures of concern such as normal and tangential skin friction and corresponding heat flux at wall is portrayed. Streamline patterns are traced out to discover the influence of porosity factor on actual flow behavior. It was observed that solid volume fraction of copper nanoparticles enhanced the skin friction coefficients and heat flux. Increasing the porosity parameter leads to greater heat flux and tangential skin friction co-efficient.