全牛肉乳化香肠的研制

香肠是肉类制品中的一个有代表性的品种 ,深受人们的喜爱。由于多采用猪肉为原料肉加工 ,产品在少数民族地区的生产和消费受到一定限制。为此本课题对全牛肉乳化香肠工艺过程进行了研究 ,并采用正交试验法对工艺条件进行探索 ,以解决牛脂口感和乳化性不佳的问题。结果表明 :牛肉在低温下腌制 36h ,脂肪添加量 17. 33% ,水温 >90℃时 ,搅拌 3min ,低温成熟 3h ,乳化肉斩拌 4min ,在 6 0℃下烘烤 30min ,82～ 85℃煮制 45～ 5 0min ,在 5 0～ 5 5℃烟熏 10min为最佳工艺条件 ,适合工业化生产。     

麦麸膳食纤维对乳化型香肠品质的影响研究

本文研究了麦麸在乳化型香肠中的应用特性及不同添加比例对香肠品质的影响。经正交实验得出麦麸膳食纤维在乳化型香肠中最佳应用条件:麦麸添加量为6%,斩拌速度为高速斩拌(1000、3000、3000 r/min三阶段斩拌),肥瘦肉比为10∶90。以此条件制成的香肠口感良好,且色泽等参数优异,在感官特性和营养特性方面均有加强。     

斩拌条件对乳化型香肠品质的影响研究

在乳化型香肠的生产加工过程中,斩拌起到非常重要的作用。斩拌工序需要进行严格控制才能保证产品品质。研究针对斩拌过程中最为关键的3个参数,即斩拌初温、斩拌时间、斩拌速度进行研究。以感官评价、产品色泽以及质构作为产品品质的评价标准,经正交实验得出,乳化型香肠斩拌条件最优参数:斩拌初温为5℃,斩拌时间为360 s,斩拌速度为中速斩拌。     

斩拌条件对乳化型香肠品质和微结构的影响

乳化型香肠口感鲜嫩,蛋白质含量丰富,日益成为消费者喜爱的肉食制品。本文简要介绍了斩拌乳化的目的和原理,阐述了斩拌条件对香肠品质和微结构的重要影响,讨论了我国乳化型香肠生产中斩拌的工艺参数优化问题。     

低温猪肉火腿肠加工工艺

为探究低温猪肉火腿肠的最佳生产工艺,研究在传统高温火腿肠加工工艺的基础上,结合低温肉制品加工原理制备低温猪肉火腿肠,以感官评价为指标,探究影响产品质量的主要因素。结果表明,原料肥瘦比、肥肉预处理方式、腌制剂配方、斩拌工艺与烘烤条件是影响低温猪肉火腿肠的主要因素,产品制备的最佳工艺条件为:原料肉肥瘦比2∶8(质量比),用出肉板孔径为8 mm的绞肉机对肥肉进行初步的绞制,腌制液配料(质量分数)为食盐2. 5%,亚硝酸盐0. 003%,D-异抗坏血酸钠0. 3%,复合磷酸盐0. 5%(m(六偏磷酸钠)∶m(三聚磷酸钠)∶m(焦磷酸钠)=10∶30∶17)在4℃环境下腌制24 h,最佳斩拌条件为低速(1 000 r/min)与高速(2 000 r/min)结合斩拌330 s,肉糜灌肠后60℃烘烤30 min再蒸煮杀菌,低温保藏。该条件下制备的产品在气味、外观、组织结构、风味等方面均最佳。     

全牛肉乳化香肠的研制

香肠是肉类制品中的一个有代表性的品种,深受人们的喜爱。由于多采用猪肉为原料加工,产品在少数民族地区的生产和消费受到一定限制。为此本课题对全牛肉乳化香肠工艺过程进行了研究,并采用正交试验法对工艺条件进行探索,以解决牛脂口感和乳化性不佳的问题。结果表明：牛肉在低温下腌制３６ｈ,脂肪添加量１７．３３％,水温＞９０℃时,搅拌３ｍｉｎ,低温成熟３ｈ,乳化内斩拌４ｍｉｎ,在６０℃下烘烤３０ｍｉｎ,８２—８５℃煮制４５～５０ｍｉｎ,在５０～５５℃烟熏４０ｍｉｎ为最佳工艺条件,适合工业化生产。     

添加猪皮提取物对猪肉糜香肠品质的影响

研究添加猪皮提取物对猪肉糜香肠品质的影响.采用单因素和正交试验,考察猪皮提取物添加量、猪肉糜香肠煮制温度和煮制时间对猪肉糜香肠的质构、系水力和感官品质的影响,确定猪皮提取物在一定配方的猪肉糜香肠中的最佳添加量及煮制工艺条件.结果表明:猪皮提取物添加量为6％、75℃煮制40min时,猪肉糜香肠质构特性、保水能力和感官品质最佳.     

斩拌速度和时间对乳化肠质构的影响

研究斩拌速度、时间与乳化型香肠质构之间的关系.采用响应曲面设计,选用斩拌速度和斩拌时间为试验因素,测定不同斩拌时间和速度下产品的硬度、弹性、内聚性、咀嚼性和回复性.结果表明,斩拌速度对乳化肠的硬度、弹性和回复性均有显著影响,斩拌时间对回复性有显著的影响,斩拌速度和斩拌时间的交互作用对硬度和回复性有显著的影响;斩拌速度为6 000 r/min,斩拌时间为9 min时,形成的乳化肠的硬度、弹性、内聚性、咀嚼性和回复性最佳,满足乳化肠质构的要求.     

斩拌时间和pH值对牛肉凝胶特性的影响

主要研究pH值和斩拌时间对牛肉糜凝胶特性及颜色的影响 ,确定最佳的斩拌条件。结果表明 ,当肉糜的酸碱度由酸性向中性靠拢时 ,牛肉糜制品的凝胶硬度、弹性、粘聚性均逐渐增大 ,牛肉糜制品的硬度、弹性、粘聚性随着斩拌时间的增加先增大后减小。在斩拌2 0min时达到最高值     

斩拌条件和添加成分对肉糜类制品质量的影响

在肉糜类制品的生产加工中斩拌工序起着至关重要的作用,此工序的工艺参数稍有变化,就会对产品品质有很大影响。因此,对此工序的深入研究在提高产品品质方面显得尤为重要。本文从斩拌的作用、原理及对产品的影响效果等方面介绍了肉糜类制品加工中斩拌工序的研究进展。并着重探讨、总结了影响斩拌效果的因素及斩拌的最佳工艺参数。对于提高肉糜制品的品质,提供技术支持和理论指导具有一定的意义。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the