Novel switching method for single-phase NPC three-level inverter with neutral-point voltage control

This paper proposes a novel switching method with the neutral-point voltage control in a single-phase neutral-point-clamped three-level inverter (SP-NPCI) used in photovoltaic systems. A proposed novel switching method for the SP-NPCI improves the efficiency. The main concept is to fix the switching state of one leg. As a result, the switching loss decreases and the total efficiency is improved. In addition, it enables the maximum power-point-tracking operation to be performed by applying the proposed neutral-point voltage control algorithm. This control is implemented by modifying the reference signal. Simulation and experimental results provide verification of the performance of a novel switching method with the neutral-point voltage control.     

Modeling and design of a neutral-point voltage regulator for a three-level diode-clamped inverter using multiple-carrier modulation

The three-level diode-clamped multilevel converter commonly called the neutral-point-clamped converter has become established to be a preferred topology for high-power motor drive applications operating at several kilovolts. Although solutions to the problem of maintaining a stable neutral-point voltage in the converter continue to be the topic of research, a simple solution based on a design-oriented dynamic model of the system is not widely known. This paper presents the design, analysis, and implementation of a simple neutral-point voltage regulator for a three-level diode-clamped multilevel inverter, which uses a multiple-carrier sine-triangle modulator in conjunction with a closed-loop controller for neutral-point regulation. Redundant state choices are controlled via a continuous offset voltage that regulates the dc injection into the midpoint of the dc bus. A small-signal transfer function is developed in closed form, for neutral-point regulation, with the voltage offset as the control variable. Besides maintaining dc-bus voltage balance, the use of the approach leads to a significant reduction in the voltage distortion at the neutral point, allowing a definitive reduction in the required dc bus capacitance. Analytical, computer simulation, and experimental results verifying the approach are presented in this paper.     

Evaluation of the low-frequency neutral-point voltage oscillations in the three-level inverter

The nearest vectors to the reference vector are commonly used in space-vector modulation (SVM) strategies. The main advantages of these modulation strategies are the low switching frequencies of the devices, the good output voltage spectra, and the low electromagnetic interference. However, when these techniques are applied to the three-level neutral-point (NP)-clamped inverter, low-frequency oscillations appear in the NP voltage for some operating conditions. As a result, the value of the dc-link capacitors must be increased in order to attenuate such oscillations. In this paper, these amplitudes are quantified for two modulation strategies that use nearest vectors to the reference vector. Owing to the nondimensional variables used in the analysis, the information provided will help for the calculation of the dc-link capacitors in a given specific application. Simulated and experimental examples are presented.     

Random space vector modulation technique for high switchingfrequency inverter control

A new random space vector modulation (RSVM) technique is presented, which dramatically reduces both the number of calculations required for high switching frequency inverter control in real time and the annoying noise by randomising the harmonic spectrum     

Soft switching space vector PWM inverter using a new quasi-parallelresonant DC link

A soft switching quasi-parallel resonant DC-link (QPRDCL) inverter with improved PWM capability has been recently presented. The circuit has the minimum voltage stress of the devices and provides the flexibility of selecting the on/off instants of the resonant link, resulting in improved PWM capability. In this paper, the operational principles and the detailed analysis of the QPRDCL inverter are presented for the resonant components design and the inverter control. An SVPWM with optimal vector sequence suitable for the QPRDCL inverter is also presented through the comparisons among five different modified space vector PWM (SVPWM) techniques classified by the voltage vector sequences. The performance of the selected optimal SVPWM is verified by the experimental results     

Three-level space vector PWM in low index modulation regionavoiding narrow pulse problem

In using GTO, a few hundreds micro seconds longer than specified pulse width must be guaranteed for safety for each device to commutate with its inherent gate current sequences. This paper describes the mechanism of generating undesirable narrow pulses in conventional three-level space vector PWM inverters and suggests two new algorithms of space vector PWM using nonnearest three and four vectors in a control period to avoid such a narrow pulse problem. Experimental verifications for the suggested algorithms are also presented     

Design and analysis of an LC trap/LCR output filter for a single-phase NPC three-level inverter

This article presents a filter design approach and the efficiency analysis of a single-phase Neutral Point Clamped (NPC) three-level inverter with a combined LC trap and LCR filter system. The multilevel inverter system using NPC type inverter is suitable for high-power application. The single-phase NPC three-level inverter operates normally at low switching frequency. The proposed LC trap filter is comprised of a conventional LCR output filter. By adding an LC trap filter, the need for a low-value damping resistor and low LC cut-off frequency is eliminated. Use of the high-value damping resistor increases the efficiency of the output filter system. The controller used is DSP (TMS320C31). The effectiveness of the proposed system is verified by SPICE simulation and experimental results.     

基于矢量控制的PWM整流器SIMULINK建模与仿真

在高开关频率下,应用状态空间平均法建立三相电压型PWMVSR数学模型,利用矢量合成原理,推算出各相开关函数占空比。最后,通过MATLAB的SIMULINK工具箱得到系统仿真结果,验证该模型和控制方法的可行性。     

Research of the equivalent relationship between the space vector and the triangular carrier-based PWM modulation strategies in the flying capacitor multilevel inverters

ABSTRACT

The equivalent relationship between the carrier-based modulation (CBPWM) and the space vector modulation (SVPWM) based on the flying capacitor multilevel inverters has not been analysed systematically. Due to the redundancies of the flying capacitor multilevel inverters, this paper firstly focuses on the switching sequence and the working ratio of each switching state and then proposes a novel method of decomposing modulation wave. This method can distribute the ratio of redundancies arbitrarily to satisfy the requirements of the output. Taking three- and five-level inverters as examples, by injecting a zero-sequence voltage into the CBPWM modulation wave and then decomposing the new modulation wave, we can get the same sequence of SVPWM modulation. This method takes the advantages of using simple CBPWM to realise the complex output of SVPWM, such as double- and quadruple-frequency output. At last, we deduce the equivalent relationship between the SVPWM and CBPWM in n-level with an arbitrary number of segments. Experimental results verify the correctness of the equivalent relationship.     

Three-dimensional space vector modulation in abc coordinates for four-leg voltage source converters

Four-leg inverters have been selected as one of the preferred power converter topologies for applications that require a precise control of neutral current, like active filters. The main advantage of this topology lies in an extended range for the zero sequence voltages and currents. However, the addition of a fourth leg extends the space vectors from two to three dimensions, making the selection of the modulation vectors more complex. Most of the algorithms that deal with this problem require an /spl alpha//spl beta//spl gamma/ transformation. This paper presents a new space vector modulation algorithm using abc coordinates (the phase voltages) avoiding the /spl alpha//spl beta//spl gamma/ transformation. Thanks to the use of abc coordinates, the algorithm is much simpler and more intuitive than in /spl alpha//spl beta//spl gamma/ representation, drastically reducing the complexity of modulation algorithm and the computational load associated to it.     

Implementation of a direct control algorithm for induction motorsbased on discrete space vector modulation

The basic concept of direct torque control of induction machines is investigated in order to emphasize the effects produced by a given voltage vector on stator flux and torque variations. The low number of voltage vectors which can be applied to the machine using the basic DTC scheme may cause undesired torque and current ripple. An improvement of the drive performance can be obtained using a new DTC algorithm based on the application of the space vector modulation (SVM) for prefixed time intervals. In this way a sort of discrete space vector modulation (DSVM) is introduced. Numerical simulations and experimental tests have been carried out to validate the proposed method     

一种准Z源逆变器减少开关动作的脉冲宽度调制

准Z源逆变器(q ZSI)的正弦脉冲宽度调制(SPWM),将直通状态插入到传统零矢量与有效矢量之间,然而每个控制周期都有两次直通状态,导致大量附加的开关动作,即开关损耗。研究一种利用变载波幅值,从而减少基波周期中各开关管平均开关转换动作的q ZSI的PWM策略,以降低开关损耗。在Matlab/Simulink仿真环境下建立仿真模型,验证提出的PWM策略,并与SPWM相比较。     

电磁场在矢量波函数空间的完全射影定理

证明了广义的亥姆赫兹定理－电磁场在矢量波函数的完全射影定理。在这一定理中每一个任意的电磁矢量函数都可以在矢量波函数空间中被唯一地分离成三个独立的分量,每一个分量都可以用一个标量函数来表示。     

Torque ripple analysis and dynamic performance of a space vector modulation based control method for AC-drives

A constant switching frequency torque control method is presented in this paper, that uses flux error vector based space vector modulation (SVM) to achieve steady state and dynamic control of torque. The effect of SVM switching on torque ripple has been analyzed using "flux ripple vectors". This approach is used to develop an insight of torque ripple and to estimate it for any operating angular velocity. We propose a method of compensation to maintain steady state control of torque in the overmodulation region of operation. During torque dynamic, the optimum maximum switching state vector is selected. This gives a response similar to that obtained using direct torque control (DTC) and direct self control (DSC) methods. The proposed method is verified experimentally.     

矩阵变换器空间矢量脉宽调制控制算法及仿真研究

本文选择最有代表性的三相输入、三相输出交一交矩阵变换器为研究对象,在分析三相-三相矩阵变换器数学模型的基础上,给出了基于常用空间矢量脉宽调制策略的矩阵变换器调制模型和调制策略,并用Matlab Simulink建立了空间矢量调制的矩阵变换器的仿真模型,给出了仿真实验结果。实验结果证实了所提出的空间矢量脉宽调制控制算法的正确性和可实现性。     

PWM在几种模拟通信信号数字调制解调中的应用

面向控制领域的众多廉价的DSP和单片机均集成有PWM(脉冲宽度调制器)模块，在对PWM信号进行理论分析的基础上，分别得出了应用PWM来实现AM、FM和SSB三种模拟通信号的调制与解调方法，在解调时可以应用PWM和外接的LPF(低通滤波器)。实现对解调信号的D／A变换功能；在调制时则应用芯片CPU和PWM共同完成对信号的调制算法，其中的PWM和外接的BPF(带通滤波器)还具有实现D／A变换的功能。最后论文应用DSP56F803芯片对该方案进行了成功实现。     

A switching control strategy based on output regulation subspaces for the control of induction motors using a three-level inverter

In this work we present the design of a new switching control strategy for a three-level converter aimed to improve the performance of a direct torque control (DTC) for induction machines, special attention is given to the reduction of torque ripple. As in classical DTC, the proposed technique is aimed to directly regulate the outputs: torque and flux amplitude. We show that classical DTC can be considered as a particular case of the proposed control strategy. The proposed criterion to design the switching control sequence is based on a quadratic criterion of the output errors plus a prediction in one-step ahead, and an interesting partition of the input state space generated by the output regulation subspaces (ORS) to facilitate the selection of the control vector for reducing the computational load. As a result, a control vector is selected without the requirement of an auxiliary space vector or any other modulation technique. Simulations results using the proposed control technique confirm the validity of this approach.     

Optimization of switching frequencies in the limited-pool randomspace vector PWM strategy for inverter-fed drives

A space vector PWM technique for inverter fed AC drives which, in contrast with known random modulation methods, is characterized by a very small pool of randomly used switching frequencies, is presented. The limited size of the pool facilitates design of digitally implemented subsystems of the drive, whose settings depend on the length of sampling interval. A method for optimal selection of pool frequencies is described and validated by experimental evidence, including EMI measurements     

Incorporating the overmodulation range in space vector patterngenerators using a classification algorithm

Operating voltage-source pulsewidth-modulated (PWM) inverters in the overmodulation region extends their voltage and power ranges. Proper operation in this region is of particular importance in AC motor drives. This paper presents a classification algorithm for the implementation of the space vector modulation (SVM) in the pulse-dropping region. It is demonstrated that the proposed algorithm allows smooth transitions through the entire operating range up to square wave operation. It does not require approximations and guarantees exact positioning of the switching instants. In addition, it is shown that the harmonic distortion can be kept lower than with conventional techniques in most of the overmodulation region. The technique requires less computational time, when compared with the conventional SVM methods. The results of the theoretical and mathematical analysis are verified on a 2-kVA prototype unit using a digital signal processor (DSP)-based controller     

基于空间矢量的动态无功补偿装置的投切方法

当前晶闸管投切电容器组(TSC)无功补偿装置在实际工程应用中,采用外三角形连接方式进行频繁投切时,由于关断引起的电容残压,会导致三相晶闸管不同步导通的问题[1],严重影响了该无功装置的补偿效果,并造成电网系统三相不平衡,给其他设备的正常工作带来了潜在威胁。针对此种情况,本文进行了原理性推导,并提出一种基于空间矢量的新型晶闸管投切控制策略,选择性控制三相晶闸管的开通和关断顺序,来达到三相同步导通的目的。最后通过实验验证该控制策略是有效可行的。