微切削加工的切屑变形及切削力

本文从分析微切削加工表面的形成机理入手,在考虑刀具钝圆半径存在的条件下,分析了切削表面的形成过程和微切削加工中切削变形系数,在理论上阐明了微切削加工中的切屑变形及切削力情况。在进一步实验的基础上,探明了微切削加工中,切削速度、进给量、切削深度、刀具材料及工件材料等影响切屑变形及切削力的因素。得出了微切削加工中的切屑变形系数要大于常规切削加工的切屑变形系数,减小刀具钝圆半径会减小刀具后刀面与工件的接触长度,并且会减小切削刃以下部分金属的变形,有利于获得高质量的加工表面的结论。     

硬质合金铣刀钝圆半径对Inconel 718高温合金切削力与切削温度的影响

硬质合金刀具的几何形状直接影响刀具的性能与零件的质量,不合理的钝圆半径会导致较大的切削力与较高的切削温度。为研究硬质合金刀具钝圆半径对Inconel 718高温合金切削力与切削温度的影响,使用刀具侧刃侧铣薄壁板件进行试验分析。结果表明：铣削Inconel 718高温合金时,产生的切向力始终大于径向力;随着钝圆半径的增大,加工中产生的切向力与径向力均先减小后增大,在钝圆半径为5.98μm时达到最低;随着钝圆半径的增加,切削温度先降低后升高,然后趋于平缓,且钝圆半径为5.98μm时切削温度最低;本文提出了在一定工艺参数下比较理想的钝圆半径范围,对加工Inconel 718高温合金时选择合理的钝圆半径有指导意义。     

铣削加工中切削参数对切削力的影响

切削力是影响零件加工质量和刀具使用寿命的重要因素,而切削力的大小又是和切削参数息息相关的,因此,研究铣削加工中切削参数各因素(切宽、切深和每齿进给量)对切削力的影响有着非常重要的意义.文中通过设计一系列的切削实验,对铣削加工过程中,影响切削力的切削参数各因素进行了分析,从而得出其中的普遍性规律,为铣削加工中切削参数的选...     

切削刃钝圆半径对微切削过程的影响

基于有限元法对切削刃钝圆半径在微切削中产生的影响进行了研究。研究结果表明:较大的切削刃钝圆半径无法加工出微结构中比较尖锐的棱角结构;切削刃钝圆半径形成尺寸效应,并引起有效切削前角的变化;将三维切削仿真转化为二维切削仿真,可有效提高仿真效率;利用有限元仿真可获得最小切削厚度与切削刃钝圆半径的数值关系。     

微切削加工技术

在探讨切削技术发展动力的基础上给出了机械加工的尺度划分方法。通过综述微制造技术,介绍了微切削加工装备和微切削刀具,提出了利用应变梯度塑性理论进行微切削机理研究的设想,从分子动力学模拟仿真、最小切削厚度、切屑形态、微切削力、切削温度、工件材料的微量加工性、刀具变形、表面粗糙度与切削稳定性、毛刺、积屑瘤、刀具磨损等不同方面分析了微切削机理的研究现状和存在问题。最后介绍了微铣削CAD/CAM技术,并指出了微切削加工技术的发展趋势。     

高速切削加工中切削力的应用研究

通过采用一种新型的试验装置,可重现在了较大的切削速度范围内(从15～100m/s),正交切削下的切削过程.该试验设备可以记录在正交切削下的切削过程中法线方向上和切线方向上的作用力数值.从而在很大的切削速度范围内,可以对刀具和切屑之间的摩擦力进行分析.给出了切削力的分力变化和摩擦系数变化的情况.此外,通过可以使用一台高速摄影机,记录了高速加工中,切屑的形成过程的图像.     

切削颤振的动态切削力测试与研究

切削颤振的动态切削力测试与研究东北重型机械学院于忠海，李金良，张纪信一、前言金属切削加工中．在工件与刀具之间经常发生强烈的振动．其中颤振所占比重较大。目前．关于颤振的理论．如再生自振理论，振型关联理论．摩擦特性自振理论等、各学说都是从不同的角度来解释...     

Prediction of cutting forces in helical milling process

The prediction of cutting forces is important for the planning and optimization of machining process in order to reduce machining damage. Helical milling is a kind of hole-machining technique with a milling tool feeding on a helical path into the workpiece, and thus, both the periphery cutting edges and the bottom cutting edges all participated in the machining process. In order to investigate the characteristics of discontinuous milling resulting in the time varying undeformed chip thickness and cutting forces direction, this paper establishes a novel analytic cutting force model of the helical milling based on the helical milling principle. Dynamic cutting forces are measured and analyzed under different cutting parameters for the titanium alloy (Ti–6Al–4V). Cutting force coefficients are identified and discussed based on the experimental test. Analytical model prediction is compared with experiment testing. It is noted that the analytical results are in good agreement with the experimental data; thus, the established cutting force model can be utilized as an effective tool to predict the change of cutting forces in helical milling process under different cutting conditions.     

Fabrication and cutting performance of cemented tungsten carbide micro-cutting tools

We have developed cemented tungsten carbide (CTC) micro-cutting tools of 3 μm diameter by electrical discharge machining (EDM). Microdrilling and micromilling were carried out using the developed tools, and their cutting performance was investigated. Cutting was performed in free-cutting brass plates. Ultrasonic oscillation was employed to lower the cutting resistance. As a result, holes and a slot of 3 μm depth were successfully fabricated using tools made of CTC with 0.6 μm grain size, indicating that successful cutting with 3 μm-diameter tools was accomplished for the first time. Furthermore, CTC with 90 nm grain size was used as a tool material to improve the tool breakage resistance and tool form accuracy. The drilling performance of tools made of this ultrafine-grain-sized CTC was also investigated and found to exhibit a considerably improved average tool life.     

Modeling and experimental verification of cutting forces in gear tooth cutting

Due to complex cutting edge profile of an involute cutter, calculations of chip width and consequently cutting force are quite problematical. This article presents a mechanistic approach in the prediction of cutting force components arising in the course of gear tooth cutting by an involute form cutter. To permit calculation of chip width (and so cutting forces), a discrete model is utilized and cutting force components are then derived using Kienzle approach. Moreover, several experiments are performed under different cutting conditions to prove the effectiveness and accuracy of the used method. The results have revealed that cutting force components can be predicted in form gear tooth cutting with a significant accuracy.     

Evaluation of static cutting forces and tool wear in HSM process applied to pocket milling

One of the main operations in the manufacturing of molds and dies is the opening of the initial pocket, from which more complex geometries are machined, in order to obtain the negative shape of the final product. Since this is a rough operation, high cutting forces and significant tool wear are observed. Aiming to reduce such parameters, several strategies of tool entry and internal cut of the pocket have been proposed. In this context, this work aims to evaluate the cutting forces in the different parts of a pocket milling, using three different strategies, which are composed by the tool, cutting conditions, tool entry, and tool trajectory (I: ramp entry with spiral internal cut, II: helical entry with zigzag internal cut, and III: plunge entry). The results obtained for strategies I and II showed an increase in the forces in the direction perpendicular to the face in which flank wear occurred and a sharp increase in force at points where the tool changes trajectory. In strategy III, the occurrence of tool fracture due to chip recut led to very high force values.     

动态切削力对切削颤振的影响

以外圆车削实验为依据,建立加工过程中刀具振动的非线性动力学模型,并采用数值分析方法,研究切削力中的动态分量对切削颤振的影响.结果表明,随速度变化的切削力分量对颤振幅值影响较小,而且会在短时间内被系统内的结构阻尼所衰减.而与加速度成非线性关系的切削力分量对颤振的影响却很显著,而且加速度系数有临界值存在,当超过这个临界值后,颤振的理论幅度将急剧增大.     

Prediction of cutting forces in mill turning through process simulation using a five-axis machining center

Mill turning is a process applied in the milling of a curved surface while the workpiece rotates around its center. Depending on the eccentricity of the tool, when a flat-end mill tool performs a curved trajectory perpendicular to the rotation axis of the tool, its bottom part is engaged in removing material. In order to optimize the process, the cutting force needs to be predicted. Hence, in this work, an approach to simulating the cutting force in mill turning is presented. The case of non-eccentricity of the tool is considered. The undeformed chip geometry is modeling as a function of the tool engagement considering the process kinematics. Experiments were conducted on a five-axis machining center enabling the measurement of the X–Y and Z components of the cutting forces. In order to verify the influence of the bottom part of the tool on the cutting forces, experiments were carried out using three different cutting depths. Numerical cutting simulations and experimental test results are compared to validate the proposed approach.     

Analytical prediction of cutting forces in orthogonal cutting using unequal division shear-zone model

This paper presents an analytical method based on the unequal division shear-zone model to study the machining predictive theory. The proposed model only requires workpiece material properties and cutting conditions to predict the cutting forces during the orthogonal cutting process. In the shear zone, the material constitutive relationship is described by Johnson?CCook model, and the material characteristics such as strain rate sensitivity, strain hardening, and thermal softening are considered. The chip formation is supposed to occur mainly by shearing within the primary shear zone. The governing equations of chip flow through the primary shear zone are established by introducing a piecewise power law distribution assumption of the shear strain rate. The cutting forces are calculated for different machining conditions and flow stress data. Prediction results were compared with the orthogonal cutting test data from the available literature and found in reasonable agreement. In addition, an analysis of the deviation from experimental data for the proposed model is performed, the effects of cutting parameters and tool geometry were investigated.     

Effect of the cutting ratio on cutting forces and the drill life in vibration drilling

In this paper, by analysing the axial cutting thickness and the cutting graphics, a new concept of cutting ratio K in vibration drilling is introduced for the first time. Cutting ratio K can show the proportion of cutting time in a cutting cycle and describe the working condition of the drilling during the vibration drilling. The relationship between cutting parameters and vibration parameters are denoted as two parameters, ω_f and E. By computer program, the relationships between K and ω_f is found; their characteristic are periodicity, symmetry and having many peak values. The curves, which describe the relation between K and E, are digressive. The regularity can be used to optimise the parameters in vibration drilling to achieve good machine performance. The experiment results indicate that the thrust, torque and the drill life are related to cutting ratio K.