基于SolidWorks的铁路敞车裸包装玻璃集装架设计

目的为解决铁路木箱包装玻璃运输过程中存在的包装费用贵、破损率高、耗时长、稳定性差等问题,设计一种安全稳定、可循环使用、易拆解回送、可适合多种规格玻璃运输的新型集装架。方法使用SolidWorks软件对集装架进行三维建模,确定装载加固方案,计算运输途中作用在玻璃上的各种力,对玻璃集装架进行有限元分析。结果集装架底架、侧门、档杆最薄弱部分应力分别为133.4,99.88,109.4 MPa,位移变形量分别为1.257,1.792,1.916 mm,均符合规定。结论铁路敞车裸装玻璃集装架运输,应用前景良好,可有效降低玻璃破损率,减少包装费用。     

氧气充瓶改用集装架充灌

改用半机械化集装架进行氧气充瓶,可大大减轻劳动强度。介绍了集装架制作、充瓶间改造等方法和措施。图3表1。     

九江包装设计作品选

儿童茶饼 郭伟设计九江印刷总厂印刷九江市食品厂应用.64聪明泉酒黄修松设计九江封缸酒厂应用置月2下L型玻璃集装架长航九江钢窗厂设计制造九江包装设计作品选~~     

包装设计的审美情趣表现探讨

一个好的包装设计就象一件好的艺术品,它不光能提升商品的价值,而且能给消费者以赏心悦目的感觉,增加精神上的享受。提出了包装设计中提高审美情趣表现的必要性,对包装设计的造型、图形设计、色彩及传统文化的运用方面进行了探讨。     

生态包装设计及技术研究

介绍了生态包装和生态包装设计的概念和特点,探讨了生态包装设计的基本原则、基本内容和方法以及实施生态包装设计的措施.提倡现代包装设计应融入生态学思想,以减少资源浪费和降低包装废弃物对生态环境的污染.     

大件运输包装废弃环节的空间压缩性设计研究

目的研究缩减废弃大件运输包装占用空间的设计方法,以提高包装的易用性与回收率。方法以化整为零和包装零废弃理念为指导,通过深化折叠设计、可拆卸设计与集成化设计方法压缩废弃包装的占用空间。结论运用深化折叠设计、可拆卸设计、集成化设计的空间压缩设计方法,提高了包装的易用性与回收率,而且更好地体现了包装的人性化。     

易碎品容器的瓦楞纸板包装设计研究

目的以瓦楞纸板为材料进行易碎物品容器的缓冲包装设计。方法以玻璃杯为设计对象,基于人机工程及国家标准数据确定易碎品包装的形状及尺寸,探讨其在运输、携带及销售展示中用到的现有包装形式,并找出其优缺点。结果根据瓦楞纸板的包装特性,克服了现有缓冲包装的缺陷,设计出了玻璃杯在运输、携带及销售展示过程中用到的瓦楞纸板包装结构。结论得到了一套较优的瓦楞纸板易碎品包装结构设计。     

以方便为前提的商品包装设计

分析了商品经济的发展及生活方式的改变对现代商品包装设计的影响,提出了"一切以方便为前提"的商品包装设计新观念,并结合日常生活中的各类商品包装,从商品的生产、运输储存、陈列、使用、携带、回收利用等方面进行了论述,进而阐明了"一切以方便为前提"这一全新观念的重要性,它是一切商品包装设计的前提和准则。     

消费者心理影响下的酒类包装设计探讨

从酒类包装的现状出发,分析了酒类包装的心理功能,剖析了影响酒类包装设计的顶端辐射、自尊需要、尊重及形象、奢侈炫耀、健康及适度等消费者心理;并根据消费者的心理需求,制定出适合消费者需要的等级包装设计、求便包装设计、礼品包装设计、赠品包装设计、求实包装设计、性别包装设计等策略,以提高酒类包装的促销能力,达到拓展市场的目的。     

包装工程专业 《包装造型与装潢设计》课程的教学探讨

根据多年《包装造型与装潢设计》课程的教学实践,归纳和总结了课程安排及其目的要求、教学手段、教学方法等方面的经验,以提高教学质量和教学效果。     

GDX1/2包装机组CH烟包补充功能的改进

目的对GDX1/2卷烟包装机组CH烟包补充器进行改进研究,以减少其在生产过程中透明纸擦伤的缺陷率。方法生产过程中,烟包补充器底部烟包透明纸擦伤的质量缺陷率较高。通过对补充器工作原理的分析,确定补充器内最下方的烟包底部表面长时间处于摩擦状态是导致透明纸擦伤的主要原因。设计一种二维运动机构,可以实现底部烟包和生产烟包分离的补充器,以避免烟包之间的摩擦,从而解决该位置产生的透明纸擦伤现象。结果改进后的烟包补充器结构简单,因透明纸擦伤的产品市场投诉数量降低了22.2%。结论该优化设计可有效减少CH烟包补充器位置的烟包擦伤质量缺陷。     

CPCM/液冷复合电池热管理方式优化设计

目的为了解决锂电池组在放电倍率为2.5 C,环境温度为308.15 K下工作时,其最高温度、最大温差可能超过适宜温度的情况。方法建立基于复合相变材料(CPCM)/液冷复合的电池组散热模型,首先通过实验测得锂电池单体相关性能参数,然后利用数值模拟方法讨论CPCM厚度对电池组散热性能的影响。分析得出当CPCM厚度在一定范围内变化时,单一的相变材料冷却方式不能将电池组最高温度控制在适宜的温度范围内,因此提出CPCM/液冷复合散热方式,以复合相变材料厚度、液冷通道间距、液体流速为设计变量,电池组最高温度和最大温差为优化目标进行多目标优化设计。结果结果表明,优化后的电池组最高温度和最大温差分别为316.88K和0.30K,满足设计要求,但相变材料在相变过程中存在泄露的风险。结论相较于单一的相变材料冷却方式,优化后的复合冷却模型能够大幅度降低电池组的最高温度,同时将最大温差控制在安全范围内;在保证散热模型最外层包装结构具有较高导热性的同时也要加强其结构设计,防止相变材料泄露。     

Structure-property correlation in Al-diffusion coated steels

Mild steel and stainless steel samples were pack-calorized under varying conditions and the calorized specimens were characterized by optical microscopy, microhardness data and X-ray diffraction. The mechanical, fatigue and creep resistance properties were also determined. The concept of favourable and unfavourable phases has been introduced, based on the Pilling-Bedworth ratio for compatibility with the base. In the Fe-Al system, only FeAl and Fe₃Al have been found to satisfy this criterion and are therefore desired. The formation of phases such as FeAl₃ and Fe₂Al₅ is considered undesirable. The process parameters have therefore been varied and optimized to form only favourable phases. It is found that a lower AI activity pack such as Fe-35 wt% Al gives better results than a higher Al activity pack. The optimum temperature and time of calorizing for both mild and stainless steel are found to be 900 °C for 2 to 4 h. Physical characteristics of the pack such as small, uniform size powder of homogeneous composition are also important to give reproducible results. The mechanical properties of selected calorized (900 °C, 2 and 4 h) mild steel specimens using an Fe-62 wt% Al pack show that there is an appreciable rise (more than 100%) in surface hardness and only a small (around 5%) fall in reduction in area while the percentage elongation remains unaltered on calorizing. There is a considerable fall in high-cycle fatigue properties under push-pull vibration while, under a three-point loading high-frequency fatigue test, the probability to failure and crack initiation reveal an improvement.     

钢产量增长机制的解析及2000—2007年我国钢产量增长过快原因的探索

分两步解析钢产量的增长机制,首先在若干假设条件下提出了钢产量增长的基准模式,其主要特点是钢产量与GDP同步增长,分析了基准模式下的钢产量、在役钢量、GDP以及它们的年增长率;然后讨论偏离基准模式的各种可能性,及其对钢产量增速的影响。在此基础上得到了钢产量年增长率的基本计算式。分析了偏离基准模式对单位GDP钢产量的影响。在对钢产量增长机制进行解析的基础上,广泛联系全社会发生的各种现象,提出使我国钢产量增速远远超过GDP增速的16种现象,提出在宏观调控工作中,要区别对待这些现象。从中、日、美三国单位GDP钢产量数据对比可见,我国降低单位GDP钢产量的空间很大。文章为我国钢铁行业的宏观调控提供了新思路。     

Modifying Cr-Al Coatings by Reactive Element Additions: Eiperimental and Theoretical Considerations

Cr-Al diffusion coatings have been modified by Hf addition using a one step halide activated pack cementation process. The substrate was a low alloy steel 2.25Cr-1 Mo. Cyclic Oxidation properties of the coatings were evaluated, and a Hf modified coating was the most resistant coating. Codeposition pack thermodynamics were computed and analyzed using available thermodynamic tools in order to compare experimentally obtained results with theoretical predictions.     

25CrMo车轴钢塑性的协调单元及其优化研究

采用OM、SEM、EBSD及TEM对25CrMo钢的微观组织进行定量表征,分析微观组织对试验钢塑性的控制作用。结果表明：随着晶粒的粗化,低碳板条马氏体钢的塑性逐渐增加,其与传统的理解不同,即具有大角度取向的原奥氏体晶粒(也包括束和块)不再是塑性的协调单元.只有属于小角度取向的马氏体板条对塑性的影响满足细晶增塑的原理,即在低碳板条马氏体钢中板条是塑性的有效控制单元.因此,在板条马氏体钢中,细化马氏体板条或增加小角度界面比例,是提高塑性的重要途径,其弥补了细化晶粒在大型构件中难以实现的不足.此外,也为高强度、高塑性材料的设计和开发提供了新思路.     

Theoretical and experimental study of the aluminization of iron and steel in the pack and in the gas phase

A theoretical model which combines gaseous transport and solid state diffusion with the multicomponent equilibria at the gas-pack and gas-coating interfaces was used to study the pack aluminization of iron and steel. It allows the surface composition and the growth rate to be calculated. For a given activator they depend on the temperature and the aluminium activity in the pack. A good agreement is obtained between the theoretical predictions and the experimental results when the parts to be treated are embedded in the pack. Theoretical predictions for deposition in the gas phase, onto substrates out of contact with the pack, can be qualitatively deduced, and the conditions for obtaining uniform coatings in the gas phase are pointed out.     

基于人机工程的空间节约型办公单元设计

以目前市场现有的办公桌设计为启示,论述了产品所存在的不合理之处。在此基础上,提出了新型办公座椅设计。此款设计集成多种实用功能,将办公桌设计成可拆卸、折叠、易于装配运输的一体化办公单元,在多种环境中均可为使用者带来高效性、舒适性和独立性。此办公单元还可以随着组成部分、零件的不同组合实现多种可选择搭配方案,在"批量"的同时尽显个性。这为以后办公单元的设计提供了新的思路。     

On the effect of Temperature Cycling on the coating of a pack aluminized low alloyed steel (13 CrMo 44)

Coated pack aluminized low alloyed steels are known for their good resistance against high temperature corrosion up to 700 °C, where diffusion stability is still sufficient. In typical high temperature applications, coating and substrate are subjected to thermal fatigue. In this study the metallurgical stability of a coated, pack aluminized, low alloyed steel is reported. The specimens were cyclically quenched from 700 °C to room temperature or liquid nitrogen temperature respectively, to assess the importance of thermal shock severity on the kinetic of degradation. In particular, crack initiation and growth were studied. The dependence of microcrack densities upon numbers of cycles, cooling rates and specimen geometry is reported.     

Studies on boronising of mild steel

Mild steel was boronised using a pack-cementation process. The pack contained boron carbide as boron source and ammonium bifluoride as activator. The effect of process variables like temperature and pack composition on the phase formation at the surface was studied. Depending on the experimental conditions either two-phase (Fe₂B + FeB) or singlephase coatings are produced on the surface. In the former case the high boron containing phase, FeB forms as a continuous layer over Fe₂B. Preferred orientation of the Fe₂B layer is observed on the steel surface to a thickness of ≈ 100 μm, above which random orientation is observed.