共查询到17条相似文献,搜索用时 78 毫秒
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朱宝伟 《化学工业与工程技术》2014,(3):4-8
微波条件下,研究了在乙醇抽提神府煤中加入氯化锌对其结果的影响。采用气相色谱/质谱联用的方法分析了乙醇和乙醇-氯化锌抽提物的组成;利用傅里叶红外光谱技术分析了神府脱矿物质煤、乙醇抽余煤和乙醇-氯化锌抽余煤的结构。分析结果显示:在乙醇溶剂中添加少量的氯化锌,其抽提物的组成发生了改变;乙醇-氯化锌抽余煤与原脱矿物质煤和乙醇抽余煤相比,芳环吸收强度降低,表明在抽提过程中可能伴随着烷基化反应的发生。 相似文献
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研究采用浸渍法制备了Fe/Al_2O_3、Fe/SiO_2、Fe/SiO_2-Al_2O_3、Fe/ZSM-5、Fe/AC(粉煤灰)五种催化剂,并在固定床反应器上考察了它们对神府煤热解过程中焦油收率的影响规律。实验结果表明这些催化剂都可以使神府煤热解焦油收率提高,Fe在各种载体中的最优添加量的质量分数均为:6%(Fe,daf),当超过此值时焦油收率提高量开始减少。其中以6%-Fe/Al_2O_3-SiO_2催化剂对神府煤热解焦油提高最高,在700℃热解时,神府煤热解焦油收率提高到15.08%。 相似文献
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神府煤为低灰低硫不粘煤,在配煤中有降低炼焦煤粘结性作用和瘦化作用,可以部分或全部代替瘦煤。半焦收缩峰和煤的热重分析的研究揭示了神府煤在配煤中有瘦化作用的机理。 相似文献
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煤加氢气化制天然气技术具有工艺路径短、热效率高等优点,其应用基础研究备受关注。但煤中存在部分致密的芳香碳结构,加氢反应性较差,即使在苛刻的反应条件下(~1 000℃、~7 MPa H_2),仍难以转化。通过引入催化剂,进行煤催化加氢气化可在温和的反应条件下实现煤的碳转化率和CH_4收率的同步提高。论述了碱金属(K、Na等)、碱土金属(Ca)和过渡金属(Fe、Co、Ni等)催化剂对模型碳加氢气化的催化作用原理。探讨了反应温度、氢气压力、和碳结构对C-H_2催化反应的影响规律,分析了适用于原煤催化加氢气化的最佳催化剂及工艺条件,并从CH_4和轻质液体焦油等产物生成规律、煤中碳结构随着反应进行的衍变过程等角度,讨论了催化剂分别对煤加氢热解和热解半焦加氢气化的催化作用行为。提出了煤催化加氢气化联产CH_4和轻质液体焦油技术从基础走向应用的进一步研究建议。现有研究结果表明,过渡金属与碱土金属组成的二元催化剂(Fe/Co/Ni-Ca)对煤加氢气化的活性较高。过渡金属元素在反应过程中主要提供C-H_2反应所需的活性氢,并削弱C—C键的键能;碱土金属元素Ca主要促进Fe/Co/Ni的分散,防止其发生硫中毒失活,并增强Fe/Co/Ni与碳之间的相互作用。温度升高一方面为化学键断裂过程提供了更高能量,加速C-H_2反应,另一方面促进催化剂在煤结构中扩散,提升催化剂的供氢和断键效率。升高压力促进了活性氢的供应,同时CH_4浓度得到稀释,反应向生成CH_4的方向移动。以5%Co-1%Ca为催化剂,在850℃、3 MPa H_2反应条件下,30 min内可同时达到90.0%的碳转化率和77.3%的CH_4收率。Co-Ca催化剂在煤加氢热解过程中具有催化解聚和催化加氢的作用,提高焦油和CH_4收率,同时催化剂在煤加氢热解过程中对煤结构产生催化活化作用,使得生成的半焦具有较高的气化活性。煤催化加氢气化的机理研究目前仍处于推测阶段,另外,该技术气化剂、煤种的适应性,催化剂循环利用性能有待进一步阐明。 相似文献
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寻求来源广、价格低、纯度高的炭质原料是目前高性能石墨材料制备研究的一个重要方向。以陕北神府煤为原料,探讨了在高温及惰性气氛下,煤粉粒度、催化剂种类及添加量等因素对煤炭石墨化过程的影响,并通过X射线衍射、扫描电镜及拉曼光谱等技术对煤炭高温热处理产物进行了分析和表征。结果表明:当以低变质程度的神府煤为原料时,在2500℃、惰性气氛及一定催化剂存在的条件下,神府煤可以制备得到超细石墨粉;神府煤煤粉粒径越小,超细石墨粉的石墨化程度越高;氯化铁、硼酸等均可以作为神府煤高温石墨化的催化剂,并且当以硼酸作为催化剂,煤粉粒径D90< 20 mm时,由神府原煤可制得石墨化度为80.35%的超细石墨粉。 相似文献
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B. L. A. Prabhavathi Devi M. S. L. Karuna K. Narasimha Rao P. S. Saiprasad R. B. N. Prasad 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2003,80(10):1003-1005
Catalytic transfer hydrogenation (CTH) of safflower oil was studied using aqueous ammonium formate as hydrogen donor and palladium
on carbon as catalyst in a closed vessel under controlled microwave irradiation conditions. The method offered good selectivity
in complete reduction of linoleic acid to monounsaturated acid with a slight increase in stearic acid compared to other reported
catalytic transfer hydrogenation methods. Selectivity was achieved by using microwave-assisted CTH without employing an emulsifier
or high ratios of water to oil. 相似文献
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Japanese Taiheiyo coal (75.9%C) was oxidized with air at 250 °C for 3–40 h and at 300 °C for 3–10 h. The weight decreased from 16.3 to 46.5% at 250 °C and from 21.7 to 41.3% at 300 °C. Carbon loss and yield of NaOH soluble were obtained. The resultant oxidation products were hydrogenated at 370 °C for 1 h under 10 MPa hydrogen pressure using red mud with sulphur as catalyst and wash oil as solvent. Conversion to pyridine, benzene and n-hexane soluble fraction shows a minimum for the coal oxidized 10 h at 250 °C and for the coal oxidized for 3 h at 300 °C. Initial oxidation makes a network structure which contributes to a reduction in conversion, but in later stages of oxidation, splitting of bridge linkages and/or ring opening of aromatic structures, contribute to increases in conversion. 相似文献
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The agglomeration of coal hydrogenation residues by secondary vitroplast was investigated using both optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Hydrogenation reactions were performed in a stirred batch autoclave at five temperatures between 375 and 475 °C for 1 h using tetralin as hydrogen donor solvent. Agglomeration was found to depend on the amount of secondary vitroplast present in the slurry and was most effective at 400 °C under the experimental conditions used. Both optical and SEM techniques have been found to be useful for investigation of the agglomeration of residues by secondary vitroplast. 相似文献